Treatment of severe Clonorchiasis sinensis by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and oral praziquantel.

AIM: To assess the therapeutic value of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and oral praziquantel for severe Clonorchiasis sinensis infection. METHODS: Of the 84 Clonorchiasis sinensis-infected patients enrolled, 58 were treated with ENBD (as observing group, ENBD group), 26 received operations (control group, operation group). Both of the two groups were comparable in terms of patient's age, body mass index. Before and one week after treatment, the average diameters of common bile ducts were measured by ultrasound, and serum bilirubin, ALP, gamma-GT and ALT were detected by biochemical methods. After ENBD or operation, the patients took praziquantel for two days. RESULTS: Compared with the patients in operation group, ENBD patients in ENBD group had higher recovery rates of abdominal pain and fever as well as jaundice, quicker remission, smaller trauma, fewer complications and lower cost. CONCLUSION: ENBD combined with oral praziquantel is an effective and safe method for the treatment of severe Clonorchiasis sinensis.

[Nitrogen and phosphorus composition in urban runoff from the new development area in Beijing].

Stormwater runoff samples were collected from two impervious roof and road of the new development area in Beijing, during three rainfall events in an attempt to characterize the urban runoff and determine nitrogen and phosphorus composition. The outcomes are expected to offer the practical guidance in sources control of urban runoff pollution. The results indicated that the stormwater runoff from the studied area presented a strong first flush for all monitored events and constituents. Eighty percent of the total pollutant loads were transported by the first 10 mm flow volume for roof runoff, whereas 80% of the total pollutant loads were discharged by the first 15 mm flow volume for road runoff. Average EMCs of TSS, COD, TN, NH4(+) -N, NO3(-) -N and TP for roof runoff were 50.2 mg x L(-1), 81.7 mg x L(-1), 6.07 mg x L(-1), 2.94 mg x L(-1), 1.05 mg x L(-1), and 0.11 mg x L(-1), respectively. Average EMCs of TSS, COD, TN, NH4(+) -N, NO3(-)-N and TP for road runoff were 539.0 mg x L(-1), 276.4 mg x L(-1), 7.00 mg x L(-1), 1.71 mg x L(-1), 1.51 mg x L(-1), and 0.61 mg x L(-1), respectively. Moreover, for the roof runoff, the particle-bound fraction was 20.8% for COD, 12.3% for TN, and 49.7% for TP. For road runoff, the particle-bound fraction was 68.6% for COD, 20.0% for TN, and 73.6% for TP. Nitrogen in roof runoff was predominantly dissolved (87.7%), with ammonia (57.6%) and nitrate (22.5%). Nitrogen in road runoff was also predominantly dissolved (80.0%), with ammonia (42.1%) and nitrate (35.0%). These findings can assist the development of effective source control strategies to immobilize dissolved and particulate-bound nitrogen/phosphorus in urban stormwater.