[Perceived needs of health personnel in the provision of healthcare to the immigrant population]. / Necesidades de los profesionales de salud en la atención a la población inmigrante.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the needs perceived by health personnel in the provision of healthcare to the immigrant population and to provide suggestions for improvement. METHODS: A descriptive, exploratory and phenomenological qualitative study was carried out by means of semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups to a criterion sample of informants: healthcare managers (n=21) and health professionals (n=44) from primary and specialized care. A narrative content analysis was conducted by three analysts, segmented by groups of informants and themes, with mixed generation of categories. RESULTS: The need for support in providing healthcare to the immigrant population strongly emerged in the informants' discourses, with some discrepant voices. On the one hand, translated materials, translation services, and a greater length of time allocated per patient, were required to address communication and information barriers. On the other hand, specific training focusing on cultural aspects and practical tools for immediate implementation were needed to provide adequate care to patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. In addition, changes in the healthcare system, led by the Health Department, were requested to adapt resources to the new situation. CONCLUSION: The needs identified for support in communication, information and training, as well as changes in the system, reveal the insufficient implementation of the interventions contemplated in the Immigration and Health Plan. In addition, structural and organizational deficiencies were identified that should be addressed by general policies.

[Health policies of national and regional level for the immigrant population in Spain]. / Políticas sanitarias de ámbito estatal y autonómico para la población inmigrante en España.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the content of health policies for the immigrant population developed by central and regional governments in Spain. METHODS: A descriptive comparative study of central and regional healthcare policies for the immigrant population was conducted in Spain through content analysis. The selected regions were Andalusia, Valencia, Madrid and the Basque Country as these regions have specific policies, distinct proportions of immigrants and policy evaluations. National or regional health and immigration plans with health policies for immigrants were selected. Contents analysis was conducted of the following main dimensions: policy principles and objectives, strategies and results' evaluation. Subsequently, strategies were categorized according to the area of intervention. RESULTS: Healthcare policies for the immigrant population are mainly included in national and regional immigration plans. The principles of these policies are based on equal rights to healthcare between the immigrant and native-born populations and the objectives aim to achieve this end. National objectives and actions address access to and adaptation of health services, health promotion, health needs assessment, and health personnel training in cultural competences. Regional policies follow the national guidelines but their actions are more specific. Policy evaluations are highly limited. CONCLUSIONS: The content of the health policies, especially national policies, address major issues in meeting immigrants' healthcare needs. However, the absence of assessments, together with persistent problems in the provision of care and inequalities in access, could indicate insufficient implementation and requires careful monitoring.

Políticas sanitarias de ámbito estatal y autonómico para la población inmigrante en España / Health policies of national and regional level for the immigrant population in Spain

Objetivos Analizar el contenido de las políticas sanitarias estatales y autonómicas dirigidas a inmigrantes en España.MétodosSe realizó un estudio comparativo descriptivo de las políticas sanitarias para inmigrantes, estatales y autonómicas, mediante análisis de contenido. Se seleccionaron Andalucía, Comunidad Valenciana, Comunidad de Madrid y País Vasco por tener políticas específicas, proporción diferente de inmigrantes y evaluación de la política. Se seleccionaron planes estatales o autonómicos con intervenciones sanitarias dirigidas a inmigrantes. Se realizó un análisis de contenido cuyas dimensiones iniciales fueron: principios, objetivos, estrategias y evaluación. Posteriormente se clasificaron las estrategias según el ámbito de actuación.ResultadosLas políticas sanitarias dirigidas a inmigrantes se definen principalmente en los planes de inmigración. Los principios se basan en la igualdad de derechos en salud con la población autóctona, y los objetivos se dirigen a su consecución. Buena parte de las acciones están encaminadas a la mejora del acceso a la atención. Además, contemplan estrategias específicas para adaptación de los servicios, promoción de la salud, análisis de las necesidades y formación de los profesionales. Las políticas autonómicas siguen las directrices generales marcadas para todo el Estado, pero con acciones más concretas. Las evaluaciones de las políticas son muy limitadas.ConclusiónEl contenido de las políticas sanitarias, especialmente estatales, responden a aspectos importantes a considerar en la atención a la población inmigrante. Sin embargo, la ausencia de evaluaciones, junto a la persistencia de problemas en la atención e inequidades en el acceso, podría indicar una insuficiente implantación y requiere un seguimiento cuidadoso(AU)

ObjectivesTo analyze the content of health policies for the immigrant population developed by central and regional governments in Spain.MethodsA descriptive comparative study of central and regional healthcare policies for the immigrant population was conducted in Spain through content analysis. The selected regions were Andalusia, Valencia, Madrid and the Basque Country as these regions have specific policies, distinct proportions of immigrants and policy evaluations. National or regional health and immigration plans with health policies for immigrants were selected. Contents analysis was conducted of the following main dimensions: policy principles and objectives, strategies and results’ evaluation. Subsequently, strategies were categorized according to the area of intervention.ResultsHealthcare policies for the immigrant population are mainly included in national and regional immigration plans. The principles of these policies are based on equal rights to healthcare between the immigrant and native-born populations and the objectives aim to achieve this end. National objectives and actions address access to and adaptation of health services, health promotion, health needs assessment, and health personnel training in cultural competences. Regional policies follow the national guidelines but their actions are more specific. Policy evaluations are highly limited.ConclusionsThe content of the health policies, especially national policies, address major issues in meeting immigrants’ healthcare needs. However, the absence of assessments, together with persistent problems in the provision of care and inequalities in access, could indicate insufficient implementation and requires careful monitoring(AU)

Necesidades de los profesionales de salud en la atención a la población inmigrante / Perceived needs of health personnel in the provision of healthcare to the immigrant population

ObjetivoAnalizar las necesidades de apoyo expresadas por el personal sanitario en la atención al colectivo inmigrante y aportar sugerencias de mejora.MétodosEstudio cualitativo, descriptivo, de carácter exploratorio y fenomenológico. Se llevaron a cabo entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y grupos focales en una muestra teórica de informantes: directivos de proveedores (21) y profesionales de primaria y especializada (42). Se hizo un análisis narrativo del contenido con generación mixta de categorías y segmentación por grupo de informantes y temas.ResultadosEn el discurso de los informantes emergen con fuerza diversas necesidades de apoyo para la atención a la población inmigrante, con algunas voces discrepantes. Por un lado, para superar las barreras a la comunicación e información se requieren materiales en diversos idiomas y servicios de traducción, así como más tiempo por paciente. Por otro lado, para proveer atención a pacientes con culturas diversas se requiere formación centrada en aspectos culturales y de carácter práctico con aplicación inmediata. Además, para adaptar los recursos a la nueva situación, destaca la necesidad de introducir cambios en el sistema sanitario, liderados por el Departament de Salut.ConclusiónLas necesidades identificadas de apoyo para la comunicación, la información y la formación, así como de cambios en el sistema, indican que las intervenciones contempladas en el Plan Director de Inmigración en Salud no son debidamente implantadas, pero además se observan deficiencias estructurales y organizativas que deberían abordarse mediante políticas generales(AU)

ObjectiveTo analyze the needs perceived by health personnel in the provision of healthcare to the immigrant population and to provide suggestions for improvement.Methods A descriptive, exploratory and phenomenological qualitative study was carried out by means of semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups to a criterion sample of informants: healthcare managers (n=21) and health professionals (n=44) from primary and specialized care. A narrative content analysis was conducted by three analysts, segmented by groups of informants and themes, with mixed generation of categories.ResultsThe need for support in providing healthcare to the immigrant population strongly emerged in the informants’ discourses, with some discrepant voices. On the one hand, translated materials, translation services, and a greater length of time allocated per patient, were required to address communication and information barriers. On the other hand, specific training focusing on cultural aspects and practical tools for immediate implementation were needed to provide adequate care to patients from diverse cultural backgrounds. In addition, changes in the healthcare system, led by the Health Department, were requested to adapt resources to the new situation.ConclusionThe needs identified for support in communication, information and training, as well as changes in the system, reveal the insufficient implementation of the interventions contemplated in the Immigration and Health Plan. In addition, structural and organizational deficiencies were identified that should be addressed by general policies(AU)