Comparison of vaccination schedules for foot-and-mouth disease among cattle and sheep in Mongolia.

Vaccines are a critical tool for the control strategy for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in Mongolia where sporadic outbreaks regularly occur. A two-dose primary vaccination course is recommended for most commercial vaccines though this can be logistically challenging to deliver among nomadic pastoralist systems which predominate in the country. Although there is evidence that very high potency vaccines can provide prolonged duration of immunity, this has not been demonstrated under field conditions using commercially available vaccines. This study compared neutralizing titres to a O/ME-SA/Panasia strain over a 6-month period following either a two-dose primary course or a single double-dose vaccination among Mongolian sheep and cattle using a 6.0 PD50 vaccine. Titers were not significantly different between groups except in sheep at six-months post vaccination when the single double-dose group had significantly lower titers. These results indicate the single double-dose regimen may be a cost-effective approach for vaccination campaigns supporting FMD control in Mongolia.

African Swine Fever in Mongolia: Course of the Epidemic and Applied Control Measures.

African swine fever (ASF) is spreading rapidly in Asia and was confirmed in Mongolia on 10 January 2019. Following the outbreak confirmation, a state emergency committee was established with representation from municipal authorities and other relevant authorities including the General Authority for Veterinary Services, National Emergency Management Agency, General Agency for Specialized Inspection, and the Ministry of Environment and Tourism. The committee provided recommendations and coordinated closely with the State Central Veterinary Laboratory to ensure quick outbreak investigation and response. In addition to outbreak investigations, sampling took place at farms and food premises and suggests a link between the outbreaks and swill feeding practices among backyard pig farmers. Upon government request, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) deployed an expert team to assist in identifying risk factors for the disease spread and provide recommendations as how to improve disease prevention and response. Following the control measures from the involved agencies, the epidemic was successfully controlled and declared over on 11 April 2019. In total, the epidemic affected 83 pig farming households and led to a total of 2862 dead or culled pigs in eleven districts of seven provinces in Mongolia.