Reduced sperm number of murrah (Bubalus bubalis) bull semen in french mini-straw affects kinetic and functional competence after cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: Extensive dilution of cattle semen with tris-based extender compromises certain sperm kinetic and functional traits following cryopreservation. OBJECTIVE: To study sperm functions of buffalo bulls under high dilution rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four ejaculates were harvested twice a week from four buffalo bulls, and diluted to sperm concentrations of 80, 60, 40 and 20 million/mL. Diluted samples were filled in straws, equilibrated at refrigeration temperature for 4 h, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen sperm samples were thawed for evaluation of kinetic and functional attributes. RESULTS: Compared to 20 million/mL (million/mL) sperm sample, the total motility, progressive motility and rapid motility were reduced (P < 0.05) in 5 million/mL sample. The proportion of live sperm were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in 10, 15 and 20 million/mL samples than in 5 million/mL sample. The percentage of moribund sperm, dead sperm, and sperm with lipid per oxidation increased significantly (P < 0.05) in 5 million/mL sample. CONCLUSION: The reduction of sperm concentrations to < 10 million/mL affects post-thaw Buffalo sperm kinetic and functional attributes.. https://doi.org/10.54680/fr24110110712.

Pulmonary function is a strong predictor of 2-year overall survival and non-relapse mortality after allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of the hematopoietic cell transplantation-specific comorbidity index (HCT-CI) and of pulmonary comorbidity prior to HCT in terms of predicting non-relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS). METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study of 663 consecutive adult recipients of HCT, we stratified patients into groups by pulmonary comorbidity: low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk. The predictive value of this pulmonary comorbidity score (PCS) was compared to HCT-CI. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the HCT-CI and the PCS were associated with OS after transplantation when comparing patients in high-risk groups with patients in low-risk groups. Using the PCS, the hazard ratios (HRs) of the 2-year OS in the entire population and in the myeloablative conditioning (MAC) group were 1.98 (p < .001) and 3.27 (p < .001), respectively, whereas the HRs using the HCT-CI were 1.83 (p < .001) and 2.57 (p = .002). The 2-year NRM incidence in the three risk-groups in the entire population was significant using both indexes. In the MAC group, the 2-year NRM was significant using the PCS (p = .003), but not using the HCT-CI (p = .23). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggest that pulmonary function alone is a strong predictor of 2-year OS and NRM after HCT.

Correlation between dissolved oxygen level, antioxidants and oxidants in semen diluted with partially deoxygenated extender at various stages of cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: Dissolved oxygen (DO) in semen dilutor may lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and buffalo sperm may become more prone to deleterious effects of ROS due to the presence of high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in their membranes. OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between dissolved oxygen level, antioxidants and oxidants in semen diluted with partially deoxygenated extender at various stages of cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each semen sample was split into two aliquots viz., Aliquot I [diluted with Extender I (control: without deoxygenation)] and Aliquot II [diluted with Extender II: partially deoxygenated by liquid nitrogen (LN) flushing], which were diluted, filled in straws, cryopreserved and evaluated post-thaw. RESULTS: The DO levels (P < 0.05) decreased significantly after LN flushing of the extender and they increased significantly (P < 0.05) in post-thaw semen. The progressive motility, viability, hypo-osmotic swelling response, acrosomal integrity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both control and treated semen after thawing. SOD and TAC were positively correlated in semen treated with normal extender at the pre-freeze stage; however, in semen treated with partially deoxygenated extender, no correlation was found between SOD and TAC at the pre-freeze stage. ROS and total TAC were negatively correlated in semen treated with partially deoxygenated extender at the pre-freeze stage; however, no correlation was found between ROS and TAC in control semen. CONCLUSION: The partial deoxygenation of extender affects the correlation between sperm quality parameters, antioxidants, and oxidants during different stages of semen cryopreservation. doi.org/10.54680/fr22310110712.

Seasonal variation in heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90) and their association with frozen semen quality and fertility in buffaloes.

BACKGROUND: Heat shock protein is considered as a potential indicator of animal adaptation to harsh environmental stresses and its expression has been correlated with resistance to stress. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the seasonal variation in heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90) and their association with frozen semen quality and fertility in buffaloes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During summer and winter, ejaculates (n = 32) were collected from buffalo bulls, diluted with freshly prepared Andromed extender (maintained at 34 degree C) up to 80 million sperm per mL. The diluted semen was filled in French midi straws, equilibrated, and cryopreserved. The semen was evaluated at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages for heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), and sperm quality parameters. RESULTS: The levels of HSP70 were significantly (P = 0.00) higher in summer season compared to winter season. The HSP70 had a positive correlation with mass motility (P <0.05; r = 0.39), live sperm count (P < 0.05; r = 0.47), and acrosomal integrity (P < 0.05; r = 0.37). The first artificial insemination conception rate (FAICR) had a positive correlation with HSP70 (P < 0.05; r = 0.47), and HSP90 (P < 0.05; r = 0.59), in frozen-thawed semen. CONCLUSION: The assessment of the levels of heat shock proteins may help in predicting cryo-tolerance and fertility of buffalo semen during various seasons.

Optimized EBMT transplant-specific risk score in myelodysplastic syndromes after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation.

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a clinical and transplant-specific prognostic score using data from a large cohort of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes reported to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry. A Cox model was fitted to detect clinical and transplant-related variables prognostic of outcome. Then, cross-validation was performed to evaluate the validity and consistency of the model. Seven independent risk factors for survival were identified: age ≥50 years, matched unrelated donor, Karnofsky Performance Status <90%, very poor cytogenetics or monosomal karyotype, positive cytomegalovirus status of the recipient, blood blasts >1%, and platelet count ≤50 × 109/L prior to transplantation. Incorporating these factors into a four-level risk score yielded hazard ratios for death, with low-risk (score of 0-1) as reference, of 2.02 (95% CI: 1.41-2.90) for the intermediate-risk group (score of 2-3), 3.49 (95% CI: 2.45-4.97) for the high-risk group (score of 4-5), and 5.90 (95% CI: 4.01-8.67) for the very high-risk group (score of >5). The score was predictive of survival, relapse-free survival, relapse, and non-relapse mortality (P<0.001, respectively). Cross-validation yielded significant and reproducible improvement in prognostic ability with C-statistics being 0.609 (95% CI: 0.588-0.629) versus 0.555 for the Gruppo Italiano Trapianto di Midollo Osseo registry and 0.579 for the Center for Blood and Marrow Transplant Research registry. Prediction was even further augmented after applying a nomogram using age and platelets as continuous variables showing C-statistics of 0.628 (95% CI: 0.616-0.637). In conclusion, compared to existing prognostic systems, this proposed transplant-specific risk score offers improved performance with respect to post-transplant risk stratification in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Addressing the room for improvement in management of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is highly curable. To achieve high cure rates, targeted therapy with retinoic acid (ATRA) must be started promptly at time of suspected diagnosis. Early death rates (EDRs, ≤30 days from diagnosis) differ markedly in patients treated on clinical trials compared to the general population. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: We used the comprehensive Danish National Acute Leukemia Registry (DNLR) to investigate the incidence, treatment, EDR, and long-term clinical outcome in APL between 2000 and 2014. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 41 deaths occurring in 122 APL patients were EDs which were primarily caused by intracranial hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis, and multiorgan failure. The overall EDR was 18.0%, whereas clinical trial participants had an EDR of 6.7%. Fifteen patients recruited to the NCRI AML17 APL trial from 2010 to 2013 were younger and had decreased mortality (HR 0.18, CI 0.04-0.86, P = 0.02) compared to contemporarily treated patients (n = 15) not recruited to a clinical trial. Performance status, leukemia origin, and Sanz-score were independent prognostic variables. CONCLUSIONS: The very low EDR for on-trial patients is not observed in the general cohort of APL patients. Diagnostic awareness emerges as the greatest clinical challenge in management of APL.

Systematic patient involvement for homebased outpatient administration of complex chemotherapy in acute leukemia and lymphoma.

Based on experience with comprehensive patient involvement, we present data from implementation of portable, programmable infusion pumps (PPP) for home-based chemotherapy administration in patients with acute leukaemia and in lymphoma patients receiving (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, melphalan) BEAM regimen. Data from 84 patients, receiving 177 cycles of PPP administered chemotherapy, showed convincing safety with minor equipment errors encountered and with high patient satisfaction. In-hospital days could be reduced with 52% out of a total of 1197 treatment days. Homebased PPP has several advantages from a patient perspective and furthermore frees up in-hospital beds for patients in need of them.

Study on correlation of sperm quality parameters with antioxidant and oxidant status of buffalo bull semen during various stages of cryopreservation.

This investigation was carried out to study the correlation of sperm quality parameters with antioxidant and oxidant status of buffalo bull semen during various stages of cryopreservation. Semen samples were evaluated for sperm parameters (mass motility [MM], concentration [CON], progressive motility [PM], viability [VIB], acrosomal integrity [AI] and hypo-osmotic swelling [HOS] response), antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) and oxidants (Lipid peroxidation [LPO] and reactive oxygen species [ROS]) at fresh, pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. Sperm parameters (PM, VIB, AI and HOS response) and antioxidants (SOD, CAT and TAC) were significantly (p < .05) reduced at fresh stage, and oxidants (LPO and ROS) were significantly (p < .05) increased at pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. At fresh stage, MM was negatively correlated with LPO (p < .05), and CON was positively correlated with SOD, TAC and CAT, negatively correlated with LPO and CAT was positively (p < .01) correlated with VIB and HOS response. At pre-freeze stage, CAT was positively correlated with PM and AI (p < .05), and AI was negatively (p < .05) correlated with ROS. At post-thaw stage, CAT was positively correlated with PM, VIB, HOS response and AI,, and LPO was negatively correlated with HOS, AI and VIB. The study of correlations of these parameters at different preservation stages with bull fertility may play an important role in developing models for predicting future fertility of bulls in the absence of conception rate data.

Effect of Cholesterol-loaded Cyclodextrin on Membrane and Acrosome Status of Hariana Bull Sperm during Cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: The membrane and acrosomal integrity of sperm play a vital role in fertilization process; however they are compromised upon cryopreservation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin (CLC) on membrane and acrosome status of Hariana bull sperm during cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen samples collected from Hariana bulls with mass motility ≥ 3+ and individual progressive motility ≥ 70% were utilized in the study. Each ejaculate was split into two parts, one part being evaluated freshly for various seminal attributes and the other part being diluted in Tris diluent (without egg yolk and glycerol) to obtain a final concentration of 120×106 sperm/mL. The diluted semen was divided into four treatments: Group I, without CLC (control); Group II, with CLC at 0.5 mg per 120 million sperm; Group III, at 1.0 mg per 120 million sperm; Group IV, at 2.0 mg per 120 million sperm. All aliquots were incubated for 15 min at 37°C and each sample was diluted with Egg yolk-Tris-Glycerol (EYTG) extender up to 80×106 sperm/mL. The diluted semen samples were packed in French mini straws (0.25 mL), sealed and equilibrated at 4°C for 4 h followed by cryopreservation. The samples at pre-freeze and post-thaw stage were evaluated for membrane and acrosomal integrity, as well as primary, secondary and tertiary acrosomal damages. RESULTS: The membrane and acrosomal integrity was significantly higher in group II as compared to groups I, III, and IV, at pre-freeze and post-thaw stage (P<0.05). The primary and secondary acrosomal damage were significantly reduced in group II compared to other groups (P<0.05). No significant difference in tertiary acrosomal damage was found among different groups. CONCLUSION: CLC improves the membrane and acrosomal integrity, and reduces primary and secondary acrosomal damages during cryopreservation of Hariana bull sperm.

Effect of Liquid Nitrogen Flushing of Extender on Seminal Antioxidant Profile of Murrah Buffalo during Cryopreservation.

BACKGROUND: The dissolved oxygen in the extender may act as a source for the production of reactive oxygen species that may lead to reduced seminal antioxidant profile which in turn may be responsible for impaired frozen thawed sperm quality and fertility. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of adding liquid nitrogen into the extender on semen freezability and seminal antioxidant profile in buffalo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Semen extender was prepared freshly and divided into two sub extenders namely, Extender I: control (non deoxygenated) and Extender II: partially deoxygenated by using LN2 flushing). The estimation of dissolved oxygen (DO) level was done in both extenders. Semen samples with mass motility of ≥ 3+ and individual progressive motility of 70% and above, collected from murrah buffalo bulls were utilized for the present study. Each semen sample was split into two group's viz., group I: diluted with extender I and group II: diluted with extender II up to 60×106 sperm/mL. The diluted semen samples were packed into French mini straws (0.25 mL), sealed with polyvinyl alcohol powder, kept for 3 h at 5°C for equilibration and then kept in automatic programmable freezer until temperature of straws reached -145°C followed by plunging into liquid nitrogen (-196°C). The evaluation of semen samples was carried out for various seminal attributes (sperm motility, live sperm count, acrosomal integrity, and hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) response) and antioxidant profile (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) at pre freeze and post thaw stage. RESULTS: Sperm motility, live sperm count, acrosomal integrity, HOS response were significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II as compared to group I. The average seminal SOD, GPx and TAC levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in group II as compared to group I at pre freeze and post thaw stage. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that partial deoxygenation of the extender prior to its addition to semen enhances sperm quality in terms of sperm motility, live sperm count, acrosomal integrity, and hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) response and also improves seminal antioxidant profile (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

The economic impact of peste des petits ruminants in India.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important livestock disease which affects a vast section of the small ruminant population in India. However, data on the incidence of PPR are limited and scant literature is available on the economic losses caused by the disease. In the present study, a structured sampling design was adopted, which covered the major agro-climatic regions of the country, to ascertain the morbidity and mortality rates of PPR. Available estimates of the economic losses in India due to various livestock diseases are based on single values of various epidemiological and economic parameters. Stochastic modelling was used to estimate the economic impact of PPR. Overall annual morbidity and mortality rates of PPR for small ruminants in India have been estimated from the sample as being 8%and 3.45%, respectively. The authors have analysed variations in these rates across species, age group, sex, season and region. The expected annual economic loss due to PPR in India ranges from as little as US $2 million to $18 million and may go up to US $1.5 billion; the most likely range of expected economic losses is between US $653 million and $669 million. This study thus reveals significant losses due to the incidence of PPR in small ruminants in India.

La peste des petits ruminants (PPR) est une maladie du bétail à fort impact économique. En Inde, une grande partie de la population des petits ruminants est affectée. Cependant, les données disponibles sur l'incidence de la PPR sont rares et très peu d'articles ont été consacrés aux pertes économiques causées par la maladie. Les auteurs présentent une étude basée sur un échantillonnage structuré couvrant les principales régions agro-climatiques du pays, visant à déterminer avec certitude les taux de morbidité et de mortalité de la PPR. Les estimations disponibles des pertes économiques induites par diverses maladies des animaux d'élevage sont basées sur des valeurs uniques correspondant à divers paramètres épidémiologiques et économiques. Les auteurs ont évalué l'impact économique de la PPR en utilisant un modèle stochastique. En se basant sur l'échantillon, les taux annuels de morbidité et de mortalité de la PPR chez les petits ruminants en Inde ont été respectivement estimés à 8 % et à 3,45 %. Les auteurs ont également analysé les variations de ces taux en fonction de l'espèce, du groupe d'âge, du sexe, de la saison et de la région. Les pertes annuelles attendues imputables à la PPR en Inde fluctuent d'un minimum de 2 millions de dollars US (USD) à 18 millions d'USD, mais elles peuvent atteindre 1,5 milliard d'USD ; la fourchette la plus probable des pertes économiques attendues se situe entre 653 millions et 669 millions d'USD. Cette étude souligne l'importance des pertes économiques liées à la présence de la PPR en Inde.

La peste de pequeños rumiantes (PPR) es una enfermedad del ganado que reviste importancia económica y afecta a un vasto segmento de la población de pequeños rumiantes de la India. Sin embargo, existen pocos datos sobre su incidencia y muy escasas referencias bibliográficas sobre las pérdidas económicas que ocasiona. Los autores describen un estudio encaminado a determinar las tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad por PPR a partir de un muestreo estructurado que abarcaba las principales regiones agroclimáticas del país. Las estimaciones existentes de las pérdidas económicas causadas en la India por diversas enfermedades del ganado están basadas en valores únicos de diversos parámetros epidemiológicos y económicos. Para estimar el impacto económico de la PPR se utilizó una modelización estocástica. A partir de la muestra se calculó que, en los pequeños rumiantes del país, los índices anuales de morbilidad y mortalidad totales por PPR se cifran en un 8% y un 3,45%, respectivamente. Los autores analizaron después las variaciones que exhiben esos índices por especie, grupo de edad, sexo, estación y región. La cuantía prevista de las pérdidas económicas anuales causadas por la PPR en el país oscila: de apenas 2 a 18 millones de dólares estadounidenses puede llegar hasta los 1 500 millones. El intervalo más probable de pérdidas económicas se sitúa entre 653 y 669 millones. El estudio demuestra pues que la incidencia de la PPR entre los pequeños rumiantes de la India provoca pérdidas de importante magnitud.

Effect of Dilution on Cryosurvival of Low Sperm Doses: A Review.

　　BACKGROUND: Sperm concentration needed for artificial insemination (AI) to obtain reasonable fertility, taking into consideration genetic value of bull and numerous others components is one of the essential constituents for successful breeding program. AI-doses containing low sperm numbers are increasingly widespread to optimize the benefit of elite bulls, as well as to accommodate an eventual wider application of sex-sorted semen. Viability is reduced when higher dilutions of semen are carried out for production of low sperm doses. The reduction in viability may be due to dilution effect as well as due to dilution of numerous essential constituents in seminal plasma at higher dilutions. Fertility level of bull may play a pivotal role in determining the cryosurvival of low sperm doses and viability of low sperm doses may vary among bulls. This paper attempts to highlight studies dealing with the effect of dilution on cryosurvival of low sperm doses.

Trends in hematological cancer in the elderly in Denmark, 1980-2012.

BACKGROUND: The number of hematological malignancies is expected to increase as the Danish population ages within the next few decades. Despite this, data on the course of hematological cancers among the oldest patients are sparse with many intervention studies focusing on younger age groups. The aim of this study is to present Danish incidence and mortality rates among older patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nationwide population-based study presenting the incidence, prevalence and mortality rates of NHL, MM, and AML with a focus on the elderly population in Denmark during the last few decades. Data were drawn from the NORDCAN database. RESULTS: Incidence rates of NHL, MM, CLL and AML were 10-50 times higher among the population aged 70 years or more than among the younger population. An increasing incidence with stable or decreased mortality rates was seen mainly among elderly patients with NHL during the last few decades, leading to increased survival and a greater prevalence of patients with NHL. Increased relative survival and prevalence could also be seen among elderly patients with MM and CLL, while the trends of the incidence rates were inconclusive for these diseases. Survival among patients with AML improved most notably in those aged below 70 years leading to an increased prevalence of AML patients predominantly in this age group. CONCLUSION: Improvements in diagnostics and treatment have led to increased survival and therefore prevalence of elderly patients with NHL, MM, CLL and AML during the past decades.

Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter in a temperate north Indian State.

This study aims to determine drug sensitivity, metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production and elaboration of bla(OXA)-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter spp. in a temperate climate area in north India with a heavy influx of tourists. Antimicrobial sensitivity of 165 isolates was performed. Imipenem-resistant isolates were subjected to combined disk (CDT) and double-disk diffusion tests (DDT) for MBL detection. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and MBL production were tested by Etest. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the detection of genes encoding bla(OXA)-23 like, bla(OXA-24) like, bla(OXA-51) like and bla(OXA-58) like genes. Ninety-nine (60%) isolates were imipenem-resistant (MICs 2-96 microg/mL). Fifty (50.5%) of the 99 carbapenem-resistant isolates were MBL producers by CDT and 26 (26.3%) by DDT. The majority (77%) of the isolates elaborated bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-51) like genes. Forty seven of the 50 MBL-positive isolates harboured bla(OXA-23) like and bla(OXA-51) like genes. MBL-producing Acinetobacter has emerged as a major pathogen in Kashmir with elaboration of bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-51) related carbapenemases. This poses a significant challenge for healthcare professionals and policy planners, and needs to be addressed immediately. Primary care physicians treating visitors to Kashmir need to be aware of the situation.

Cause-specific mortality associated with leukoreduced, buffy coat-depleted, or no blood transfusion after elective surgery for colorectal cancer: a posttrial 15-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: We previously reported that both leukoreduced (LR) and buffy coat-depleted (BCD) blood transfusions had a detrimental effect on long-term overall survival in patients who underwent elective surgery for colorectal disease. This analysis investigates long-term cause-specific mortality in trial participants diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used the Danish Civil Registration System to follow 448 trial participants with CRC, from their enrollment in 1992 to 1995 until January 2007. A total of 108 patients were transfused with BCD blood, 94 with LR blood, and 246 did not receive a transfusion (NT). We reviewed death certificates for study patients who died during follow-up. Cause-of-death data were coded according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-8 and -10). The Charlson Comorbidity Index was used for risk adjustment. RESULTS: A total of 43% of NT, 28% of BCD, and 27% of LR transfused patients were alive after 15 years of follow-up (p = 0.001 for transfused vs. NT patients). For LR-transfused versus NT patients the adjusted mortality ratio for death from rectal cancer was 1.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-3.38), and for death from cardiovascular disease 2.12 (95% CI, 1.23-3.62). For BCD versus NT patients the adjusted mortality ratio for death from rectal cancer was 1.19 (95% CI, 0.61-2.33) and for cardiovascular disease it was 1.68 (95% CI, 0.97-2.91). CONCLUSION: LR transfusion is associated with decreased long-term survival due to death from cardiovascular disease. A similar but weaker tendency was observed for BCD transfusion.

Statistical modeling for bioconvective tangent hyperbolic nanofluid towards stretching surface with zero mass flux condition.

This article presents the implementation of a numerical solution of bioconvective nanofluid flow. The boundary layer flow (BLF) towards a vertical exponentially stretching plate with combination of heat and mass transfer rate in tangent hyperbolic nanofluid containing microorganisms. We have introduced zero mass flux condition to achieve physically realistic outcomes. Analysis is conducted with magnetic field phenomenon. By using similarity variables, the partial differential equation which governs the said model was converted into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation, and numerical results are achieved by applying the shooting technique. The paper describes and addresses all numerical outcomes, such as for the Skin friction coefficients (SFC), local density of motile microorganisams (LDMM) and the local number Nusselt (LNN). Furthermore, the effects of the buoyancy force number, bioconvection Lewis parameter, bioconvection Rayleigh number, bioconvection Pecelt parameter, thermophoresis and Brownian motion are discussed. The outcomes of the study ensure that the stretched surface has a unique solution: as Nr (Lb) and Rb (Pe) increase, the drag force (mass transfer rate) increases respectively. Furthermore, for least values of Nb and all the values of Nt under consideration the rate of heat transfer upsurges. The data of SFC, LNN, and LDMM have been tested utilizing various statistical models, and it is noted that data sets for SFC and LDMM fit the Weibull model for different values of Nr and Lb respectively. On the other hand, Frechet distribution fits well for LNN data set for various values of Nt.

A new modified Kies Fréchet distribution: Applications of mortality rate of Covid-19.

The purpose of this paper is to identify an effective statistical distribution for examining COVID-19 mortality rates in Canada and Netherlands in order to model the distribution of COVID-19. The modified Kies Frechet (MKIF) model is an advanced three parameter lifetime distribution that was developed by incorporating the Frechet and modified Kies families. In particular with respect to current distributions, the latest one has very versatile probability functions: increasing, decreasing, and inverted U shapes are observed for the hazard rate functions, indicating that the capability of adaptability of the model. A straight forward linear representation of PDF, moment generating functions, Probability weighted moments and hazard rate functions are among the enticing features of this novel distribution. We used three different estimation methodologies to estimate the pertinent parameters of MKIF model like least squares estimators (LSEs), maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) and weighted least squares estimators (WLSEs). The efficiency of these estimators is assessed using a thorough Monte Carlo simulation analysis. We evaluated the newest model for a variety of data sets to examine how effectively it handled data modeling. The real implementation demonstrates that the proposed model outperforms competing models and can be selected as a superior model for developing a statistical model for COVID-19 data and other similar data sets.

Clinical manifestations and novel pathogenic variants in SOX10 in eight Danish probands with Waardenburg syndrome.

The SRY-related HMG box gene 10 (SOX10), located on 22q13.1, encodes a member of the SOX family of transcription factors involved in the regulation of embryonic development and in the determination of cell fate and differentiation. SOX10 is one of the six causal genes for Waardenburg syndrome, which is a dominantly inherited auditory-pigmentary disorder characterized by sensorineural hearing impairment and abnormal pigmentation of the hair, skin and iris. Waardenburg syndrome is categorized into four subtypes based on clinical features (WS1-WS4). Here we present eight families (eleven patients) harboring pathogenic variants in SOX10. The patients displayed both allelic and clinical variability: bilateral profound hearing impairment (11/11), malformations of the semicircular canals (5/11), motor skill developmental delay (5/11), pigmentary defects (3/11) and Hirschsprung's disease (3/11) were some of the clinical manifestations observed. The patients demonstrate a spectrum of pathogenic SOX10 variants, of which six were novel (c.267del, c.299_300insA, c.335T >C, c.366_376del, c.1160_1179dup, and exon 3-4 deletion), and two were previously reported (c.336G>A and c.422T>C). Six of the variants occurred de novo whereas two were dominantly inherited. The pathogenic SOX10 variants presented here add novel information to the allelic variability of Waardenburg syndrome and illustrate the considerable clinical heterogeneity.

Acute interstitial pneumonia-Hamman-Rich syndrome: clinical characteristics and diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.

BACKGROUND: Acute interstitial pneumonia is a rapidly progressive disease frequently leading to respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation. The prognosis is usually poor despite aggressive diagnostic and treatment efforts. METHODS: In this retrospective cohort survey, we enrolled patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure who met predefined criteria of acute idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Patients' records, radiologic studies, and pathologic specimens were reviewed. All data were recorded in each patient's study file and subsequently analyzed. RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 5 men and 4 women with a mean age of 69.4 yr (55-80 yr). The chest radiograph in all patients progressed to diffuse bilateral infiltrates over a 12-day course. All nine patients had histological proof of diffuse alveolar damage consistent with acute interstitial pneumonia, obtained by either transbronchial biopsy or open lung biopsy. All patients required admission to the medical intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate was 100%, and patients died within 5-26 days of their admission to the unit. CONCLUSIONS: Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich syndrome) is an idiopathic, rapidly progressive and, at times, fatal form of interstitial lung disease. A transbronchial biopsy is a logical first diagnostic step, to be followed by an open lung biopsy, if necessary. Response to corticosteroids in our series was minimal. In patients who fail to respond to conventional therapy and are otherwise appropriate candidates, lung transplantation may be considered as an additional alternative.