Twist-1 is a PPARdelta-inducible, negative-feedback regulator of PGC-1alpha in brown fat metabolism.

Brown fat is specialized for energy expenditure, a process that is principally controlled by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1alpha. Here, we describe a molecular network important for PGC-1alpha function and brown fat metabolism. We find that twist-1 is selectively expressed in adipose tissue, interacts with PGC-1alpha, and is recruited to the promoters of PGC-1alpha's target genes to suppress mitochondrial metabolism and uncoupling. In vivo, transgenic mice expressing twist-1 in the adipose tissue are prone to high-fat-diet-induced obesity, whereas twist-1 heterozygous knockout mice are obesity resistant. These phenotypes are attributed to their altered mitochondrial metabolism in the brown fat. Interestingly, the nuclear receptor PPARdelta not only mediates the actions of PGC-1alpha but also regulates twist-1 expression, suggesting a negative-feedback regulatory mechanism. These findings reveal an unexpected physiological role for twist-1 in the maintenance of energy homeostasis and have important implications for understanding metabolic control and metabolic diseases.

Emerging Roles of Single-Cell Multi-Omics in Studying Developmental Temporal Patterning.

The complexity of brain structure and function is rooted in the precise spatial and temporal regulation of selective developmental events. During neurogenesis, both vertebrates and invertebrates generate a wide variety of specialized cell types through the expansion and specification of a restricted set of neuronal progenitors. Temporal patterning of neural progenitors rests on fine regulation between cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms. The rapid emergence of high-throughput single-cell technologies combined with elaborate computational analysis has started to provide us with unprecedented biological insights related to temporal patterning in the developing central nervous system (CNS). Here, we present an overview of recent advances in Drosophila and vertebrates, focusing both on cell-intrinsic mechanisms and environmental influences. We then describe the various multi-omics approaches that have strongly contributed to our current understanding and discuss perspectives on the various -omics approaches that hold great potential for the future of temporal patterning research.

Visual scapular dyskinesis: kinematics and muscle activity alterations in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize scapular kinematics and shoulder muscle activity in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome, with and without visually identified scapular dyskinesis. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Participants with subacromial impingement syndrome (N=38) were visually classified using a scapular dyskinesis test with obvious scapular dyskinesis (n=19) or normal scapular motion (n=19). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An electromagnetic motion capture system measured 3-dimensional kinematics of the thorax, humerus, and scapula. Simultaneously, surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity of the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; serratus anterior; and infraspinatus during ascending and descending phases of weighted shoulder flexion. Separate mixed-model analyses of variance for the ascending and descending phases of shoulder flexion compared kinematics and muscle activity between the 2 groups. Shoulder disability was assessed with the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (Penn). RESULTS: The group with obvious dyskinesis reported 6 points lower on Penn shoulder function (0-60 points), exhibited a main group effect of less scapular external rotation of 2.1° during ascent and 2.5° during descent, and had 12.0% higher upper trapezius muscle activity during ascent in the 30° to 60° interval. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with obvious dyskinesis and subacromial impingement syndrome have reduced scapular external rotation and increased upper trapezius muscle activity, along with a greater loss of shoulder function compared with those without dyskinesis. These biomechanical alterations can lead to or be caused by scapular dyskinesis. Future studies should determine if correction of these deficits will eliminate scapular dyskinesis and improve patient-rated shoulder use.

Validation of the Questionnaire "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices" in populations of pregnant women exposed to pesticides. / Validação do Questionário "Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas" em populações de gestantes expostas a agrotóxicos.

PURPOSE: to validate the CAP questionnaire in populations of pregnant women exposed to pesticides in the State of Paraná. METHODS: 382 pregnant women participated in the study, divided into two groups: Exposed to Pesticides (n = 320) and Not Exposed (n = 62). The validation process involved the validity of content, criteria and construct. The research stages were developed between August / 2018 to December / 2019 in the western and central-western regions of Paraná. RESULTS: the instrument demonstrated an acceptable agreement on the content validity through the evaluation of judges; the criterion validity through the established criterion showed no association; in the analysis of construct validity using the technique of known groups, it demonstrated homogeneity in the variables age, nationality and family income. CONCLUSION: the developed analysis indicated that the psychometric properties of the validation of the Brazilian version of the scale are consistent and adequate, which allows the recommendation of the application of the instrument in a national context.

OBJETIVO: validar o questionário CAP em populações de gestantes expostas aos agrotóxicos no Estado do Paraná. MÉTODO: participaram do estudo 382 gestantes, divididas em dois grupos: Expostas a Agrotóxicos (n=320) e Não Expostas (n=62). O processo de validação envolveu a validade de conteúdo, critério e constructo. As etapas da pesquisa foram desenvolvidas entre agosto/2018 a dezembro/2019 na região oeste e centro-oeste do Paraná. RESULTADOS: o instrumento demonstrou concordância aceitável na Validade de conteúdo por meio da avaliação de juízes; a Validade de critério por meio do critério estabelecido não apresentou associação; na análise da Validade de construto pela técnica de grupos conhecidos, demonstrou homogeneidade nas variáveis idade, nacionalidade e renda familiar. CONCLUSÃO: a análise desenvolvida indicou que as propriedades psicométricas da validação da versão brasileira da escala são consistentes e adequadas, o que permite a recomendação da aplicação do instrumento em contexto nacional.

Mini-Mental State Examination performance in frail, pre-frail, and non-frail community dwelling older adults in Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Frailty in older adults is a multifactorial syndrome defined by low metabolic reserve, less resistance to stressors, and difficulty in maintaining organic homeostasis due to cumulative decline of multiple physiological systems. The relationship between frailty and cognition remains unclear and studies about Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) performance and frailty are scarce. The objective was to examine the association between frailty and cognitive functioning as assessed by the MMSE and its subdomains. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study (FIBRA) was carried out in Ermelino Matarazzo, a poor subdistrict of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Participants were 384 community dwelling older adults, 65 years and older who completed the MMSE and a protocol to assess frailty criteria as described in the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). RESULTS: Frail older adults had significantly worse performance on the MMSE (p < 0.001 for total score). Linear regression analyses showed that the MMSE total score was influenced by age (p < 0.001), education (p < 0.001), family income (p < 0.001), and frailty status (p < 0.036). Being frail was associated more significantly with worse scores in Time Orientation (p < 0.004) and Immediate Memory (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that being frail is associated with worse cognitive performance, as assessed by the MMSE. It is recommended that the assessment of frail older adults should include the investigation of their cognitive status.

Depressive symptoms in old age: relations among sociodemographic and self-reported health variables.

BACKGROUND: Depression in old age is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that is influenced by several biopsychosocial variables. Depressive symptoms are associated with the presence of chronic diseases, with being female, with low education and low income levels, and with poor perceived health assessment. In impoverished areas, older adults may have more physical disability, as they may have less access to health services. Therefore, they may be more likely to report depressive symptoms. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional research was undertaken using data from the FIBRA study conducted in Ermelino Matarazzo, a poor subdistrict of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The participants comprised 303 elderly people, aged 65 years and over, who attended a single-session data collection effort carried out at community centers. The protocol comprised sociodemographic and self-reported health variables, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. RESULTS: The majority of the subjects reported five or fewer symptoms of depression (79.21%), reported one or two self-reported chronic diseases (56.86%), declared themselves to have one or two self-reported health problems (46.15%), and had good perceived health assessment (40.27%). The presence of depressive symptoms was associated with a higher number of self-reported health problems, poor perceived health assessment, and lower schooling levels, in the total sample and in analyses including men only. For women, depressive symptoms were associated with the number of self-reported health problems and family income. CONCLUSION: The presence of health problems, such as falls and memory problems, lower perceived health, and low education (and low family income for women) were associated with a higher presence of depressive symptoms among elderly people in this poor area of São Paulo.

Defining clinical pharmacy and support activities indicators for hospital practice using a combined nominal and focus group technique.

Background Although clinical pharmacy is a crucial part of hospital pharmacist's day-to-day activity, its performance is not usually subject to a holistic assessment. Objective To define a set of relevant and measurable clinical pharmacy and support activities key performance indicators (cpKPI and saKPI, respectively). Setting Portuguese Hospital Pharmacies. Method After a comprehensive literature review focusing on the metrics already in use in other countries, several meetings with directors of hospital pharmacies were conducted to obtain their perspectives on hospital pharmacy practices and existing metrics. Finally, five rounds with a panel of 8 experts were performed to define the final set of KPIs, where experts were asked to score each indicator' relevance and measurability, and encouraged to suggest new metrics. Main outcome measure The first Portuguese list of KPIs to assess pharmacists' clinical and support activities performance and quality in hospital pharmacies. Results A total of 136 KPIs were assessed during this study, of which 57 were included in the original list and 79 were later added by the expert panel. By the end of the study, a total of 85 indicators were included in the final list, of which 40 are considered to be saKPI, 39 cpKPI and 6 neither. Conclusion A set of measurable KPIs was established to allow for benchmarking within and between Portuguese hospital Pharmacies and to elevate professional accountability and transparency. Future perspectives include the use of both cpKPIs and saKPIs on a national scale to identify the most efficient performances and areas of possible improvement.

Audiological Evaluation of Patients With Somatosensory Tinnitus Attributed to Temporomandibular Disorders.

Purpose Tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders have already been associated in the literature, but despite many studies, it is still an intriguing discussion point. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss among somatosensory tinnitus patients with temporomandibular disorders and to assess the influence of tinnitus on patients' quality of life. Method An otolaryngologist examined 585 patients in order to detect and evaluate the presence of tinnitus. Subjects were evaluated using the Portuguese version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. An analysis of the somatic component of tinnitus was performed. Tinnitus was rated according to its onset (at least 6 months) and intensity with a visual analog scale. The sample was composed of 100 patients with somatosensory tinnitus divided into two groups: Group 1 (with temporomandibular disorder, n = 85) and Group 2 (without temporomandibular disorder, n = 15). The audiological evaluation was composed of pure-tone audiometry, high-frequency audiometry, tympanometry, and transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions. The impact of tinnitus on quality of life was assessed by the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory adapted and validated to Portuguese language. Results Pure-tone audiometry did not differ with statistical significance between groups (p = .29), neither did the high-frequency audiometry results (p = .74). Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores also did not show any differences between Groups 1 and 2 (p = .67). Conclusions Subjects with somatosensory tinnitus, who also have temporomandibular disorders, do not seem to have hearing impairment. Also, they do not have a higher quality of life handicap when compared to those without tinnitus and temporomandibular disorder.

Autoperception of food conditions of elderly dental prosthetic users. / Autopercepção das condições alimentares de idosos usuários de prótese dentária.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the self-perception of the food conditions of elderly users of dental prosthesis, in order to verify the interference that dental prosthesis has in their feeding. METHODS: The present study counted with 60 elderly, participants of the Centro de Convivência Nair Ventorin Gurgacz (Community Center), aged between 60 and 88 years old. All participants answered to a questionnaire elaborated by the researchers and the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). RESULTS: The elderly who participated in this study, mostly women, used a bimaxillary removable prosthesis for over 30 years; although they classified their nutrition as "good" and did not present preference for specific food consistency, they frequently felt pain while chewing. The average score of the GOHAI was 29.73, considered "low", the index dimension with worst score was physical function, that includes eating, speaking and swallowing. No relation was observed between time of use of dental prosthesis, age and the GOHAI scores. CONCLUSION: The elderly rarely complaint about discomfort or embarrassment on feeding, however, they present an average lower than expected in the GOHAI index, which indicates that, although they do not report it, many deteriorations, that seem to be natural may be happening and may be the cause of worst quality of life.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a autopercepção das condições alimentares de idosos usuários de prótese dentária, verificando sua interferência na alimentação. MÉTODO: Participaram 60 idosos com idade entre 60 e 88 anos, usuários de prótese dentária total ou parcial, que frequentam assiduamente o Centro de Convivência Nair Ventorin Gurgacz ­ FAG em Cascavel, Paraná. Todos os indivíduos responderam a um questionário de identificação e ao protocolo Índice de Determinação da Saúde Bucal Geriátrica (GOHAI). RESULTADOS: Os idosos do estudo, maioria mulheres e usuários de prótese removível bimaxilar com mais de 30 anos, classificam sua alimentação como "boa" e não possuem preferência por consistência alimentar, embora frequentemente sintam dor ao mastigar os alimentos. A média pontuada no protocolo GOHAI foi classificada como "ruim" e o maior prejuízo dos idosos ocorreu no domínio físico, que engloba questões relacionadas à mastigação, deglutição e fala. Não foram constatadas relações entre o tempo de utilização da prótese dentária com a idade e os escores do GOHAI. CONCLUSÃO: Embora os idosos raramente tenham queixa sobre o modo de se alimentar, referindo desconforto ou constrangimento, apresentam uma média abaixo do esperado no protocolo, indicando que, ainda que não relatem, muitas modificações podem estar acontecendo, gradativamente, e que soam como naturais, gerando prejuízos à qualidade de vida em alimentação do idoso.

Validação do Questionário "Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas" em populações de gestantes expostas a agrotóxicos / Validation of the Questionnaire "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices" in populations of pregnant women exposed to pesticides

RESUMO Objetivo validar o questionário CAP em populações de gestantes expostas aos agrotóxicos no Estado do Paraná. Método participaram do estudo 382 gestantes, divididas em dois grupos: Expostas a Agrotóxicos (n=320) e Não Expostas (n=62). O processo de validação envolveu a validade de conteúdo, critério e constructo. As etapas da pesquisa foram desenvolvidas entre agosto/2018 a dezembro/2019 na região oeste e centro-oeste do Paraná. Resultados o instrumento demonstrou concordância aceitável na Validade de conteúdo por meio da avaliação de juízes; a Validade de critério por meio do critério estabelecido não apresentou associação; na análise da Validade de construto pela técnica de grupos conhecidos, demonstrou homogeneidade nas variáveis idade, nacionalidade e renda familiar. Conclusão a análise desenvolvida indicou que as propriedades psicométricas da validação da versão brasileira da escala são consistentes e adequadas, o que permite a recomendação da aplicação do instrumento em contexto nacional.

ABSTRACT Purpose to validate the CAP questionnaire in populations of pregnant women exposed to pesticides in the State of Paraná. Methods 382 pregnant women participated in the study, divided into two groups: Exposed to Pesticides (n = 320) and Not Exposed (n = 62). The validation process involved the validity of content, criteria and construct. The research stages were developed between August / 2018 to December / 2019 in the western and central-western regions of Paraná. Results the instrument demonstrated an acceptable agreement on the content validity through the evaluation of judges; the criterion validity through the established criterion showed no association; in the analysis of construct validity using the technique of known groups, it demonstrated homogeneity in the variables age, nationality and family income. Conclusion the developed analysis indicated that the psychometric properties of the validation of the Brazilian version of the scale are consistent and adequate, which allows the recommendation of the application of the instrument in a national context.

Perfil epidemiológico e cobertura vacinal do sarampo no Brasil / Epidemiological profile and vaccination coverage of measles in Brazil

Verificar o perfil epidemiológico e a cobertura vacinal do sarampo no Brasil.Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico descritivo retrospectivo a respeito da cobertura vacinal do sarampo no Brasil a partir de dados disponibilizados pelo Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde. A partir da análise dos dados, observou-se maior número de casos na região Norte. O maior número de casos registrados foi no ano de 2019. Os indivíduos mais acometidos eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etária ≤ 1 ano representou 41,12% dos casos, e pessoas de cor parda, 47% dos casos. Foram registrados 6 óbitos no período estudado. Por fim, em relação à cobertura vacinal do imunizante tríplice viral, observou-se maior cobertura no ano de 2019. Dentre as regiões geográficas, o maior índice de cobertura foi na região Sul. Percebe-se a necessidade de intensificação de campanhas de conscientização sobre a importância vacinal.

To verify the status and the immunization coverage of measles in Brazil It is a descriptive retrospective epidemiological study about the immunization coverage of measles in Brazil based on data provided by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System.From the data analysis, there was a greater number of cases in the North region. The highest number of registered cases was in 2019. The most affected individuals were males. The age group ≤ 1 year old represented 41,12% of cases, and people of mixed color, 47% of cases. Six deaths occurred during the study period. Finally, in relation to vaccination coverage, with immunization with two doses of the MMR vaccine, there was greater coverage in 2019. Among the geographic regions, the highest coverage index was in the South region. There is a need to intensify awareness campaigns about the importance of vaccination.

Normative data for the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery stratified by age and education.

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosing neurocognitive disorders is challenging in low-educated individuals. OBJECTIVE: To report normative data for the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB) and to assess the association of age and education with performance on the BCSB in 240 community-dwelling elderly from Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo city. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were scoring above the education-adjusted cut-off points on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and below six points on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). RESULTS: Age was associated with performance on the Naming, Incidental Memory, Verbal Fluency, Clock Drawing Test, Delayed Recall and Recognition subtests. Education was associated with performance on Naming, Recognition, Verbal Fluency and the Clock Drawing Test. CONCLUSION: The normative values reported are relevant for diagnosing neurocognitive disorders in low-educated elderly.

INTRODUÇÃO: O diagnóstico de transtornos neurocognitivos é desafiador na presença de baixa escolaridade. OBJETIVO: Relatar dados normativos para a Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC) e avaliar a associação da idade e da escolaridade com o desempenho na BBRC, em 240 idosos residentes na comunidade em Ermelino Matarazzo, município de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Os critérios de inclusão foram pontuação acima de pontos de corte ajustados para escolaridade no Mini-Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) e abaixo de seis pontos na Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (EDG). RESULTADOS: A idade esteve associada aos subtestes Nomeação, Memória Incidental, Fluência Verbal, Teste do Desenho do Relógio, Memória Tardia e Reconhecimento. A escolaridade associou-se à Nomeação e Reconhecimento, Fluência Verbal e Teste do Desenho do Relógio. CONCLUSÃO: As normas reportadas são relevantes para o diagnóstico de transtornos neurocognitivos em idosos com baixa escolaridade.

Verbal fluency in elderly with and without hypertension and diabetes from the FIBRA study in Ermelino Matarazzo.

BACKGROUND: There are few studies on the qualitative variables derived from the animal category verbal fluency test (VF), especially with data originating from low-income samples of community-based studies. OBJECTIVE: To compare elderly with and without hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) regarding the total number of animals spoken, number of categories, groups and category switches on the VF test. METHODS: We used the database of the FIBRA (Frailty in Brazilian Elderly) community-based study. The variables number of Categories, Groups and Category Switches were created for each participant. The total sample (n = 384) was divided into groups of elderly who reported having HTN, DM, both HTN and DM, or neither of these conditions. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the groups with and without these chronic diseases for VF total score or for the qualitative variables. CONCLUSION: Among independent community-dwelling elderly, the qualitative variables derived from the VF animal category may not add information regarding the cognitive profile of elderly with chronic diseases. Total VF score and the qualitative variables Category, Group and Switching did not differentiate elderly with and without HTN and DM.

INTRODUÇÃO: Existem poucos estudos sobre as variáveis qualitativas decorrentes do teste de fluência verbal (FV) categoria animais, em especial com dados provenientes de amostra populacional de países com baixa renda. OBJETIVO: Comparar idosos com e sem hipertensão (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) quanto ao número total de animais falados, número de categorias, grupos e trocas de categoria no teste de FV. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se o banco de dados do estudo FIBRA (Fragilidade em Idosos Brasileiros) de base populacional em Ermelino Matarazzo. Foram criadas as variáveis Categoria, Grupo e Troca de Categoria para cada participante. A amostra total (n = 384) foi dividida entre aqueles idosos que relataram ter HAS, DM, ambas ou nenhuma destas condições. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com e sem estas doenças crônicas para o escore total da FV nem para as variáveis qualitativas. CONCLUSÃO: Entre idosos independentes residentes na comunidade, as variáveis qualitativas derivadas da FV animais podem não adicionar informações sobre o perfil cognitivo de idosos com condições crônicas. O escore total da FV e as variáveis qualitativas Categoria, Grupo e Troca de Categoria não diferenciaram idosos com e sem HAS e DM.

Characterization of patients with tinnitus seen by the Hearing Health service / Caracterização dos pacientes com zumbido atendidos por serviço de Saúde Auditiva

ABSTRACT Purpose: to establish the profile of individuals with tinnitus treated at a Hearing Health service and to associate the symptom with gender, audiological profile, and presence of vertigo. Methods: a descriptive, retrospective study with an analysis of 6,000 medical records of individuals treated at a hearing health service was carried out. The data collected from the medical records were: sociodemographic data, characteristics of hearing impairment, characteristics of tinnitus and vertigo, speech therapy interview, and otorhinolaryngological, audiological, otoneurological assessments, characteristics of life style and risk factors. An descriptive analysis was performed using the Chi-square test of association, adopting a statistical significance level of 5% (p<0.05) for the inferential analysis. Results: there was a statistically significant association between the presence of tinnitus and gender, normal hearing, and vertigo, and a significant association was also found between tinnitus and unilateral and bilateral conductive hearing loss, and unilateral and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Conclusion: there was a significant association, in the population evaluated, for the presence of tinnitus and female gender, normal hearing, unilateral and bilateral conductive hearing loss, unilateral and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, and the presence of vertigo.

RESUMO Objetivo: estabelecer o perfil dos indivíduos com zumbido, atendidos em um serviço de Saúde Auditiva e associar o sintoma com gênero, perfil audiológico e presença de vertigem. Métodos: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo. Foi realizada a análise de 6.000 prontuários de indivíduos atendidos em um serviço de saúde auditiva, os dados coletados do prontuário foram: dados sociodemográficos, características da deficiência auditiva, caraterísticas do zumbido e da vertigem, entrevista fonoaudiológica, avaliações otorrinolaringológicas, audiológicas, otoneurológicas, estilo de vida e dos fatores de risco. A análise descritiva, foi realizada por meio do teste de associação Qui-quadrado, sendo adotado o nível de significância estatística de 5% (p<0,05) para a análise inferencial. Resultados: houve associação estatisticamente significante entre presença de zumbido e gênero, audição normal e vertigem e foi constatada também associação significante entre zumbido e perda auditiva condutiva unilateral e bilateral, perda auditiva sensorioneural unilateral e bilateral. Conclusão: houve associação significante, na população avaliada, para presença de zumbido e gênero feminino, audição normal, perda auditiva condutiva unilateral e bilateral, perda auditiva sensorioneural unilateral e bilateral e presença de vertigem.

Efeitos dos agrotóxicos na saúde auditiva de trabalhadores rurais / Effects of pesticides on the hearing health of rural workers / Efectos de los pesticidas en la salud auditiva de los trabajadores rurales

Introdução: O agrotóxico é um assunto complexo e está pulverizado em diversas instituições e ações, tanto no âmbito do SUS como em outros órgãos de governo, necessitando urgente de constituição de um grupo para viabilizar a articulação das diferentes instâncias. Objetivo: verificar os efeitos da contaminação por agrotóxicos na saúde auditiva de trabalhadores rurais. Material e Métodos: Participaram 8 trabalhadores rurais com no mínimo dois anos de experiência. Os trabalhadores selecionados foram submetidos a dois questionários e avaliação audiológica, por meio dos seguintes procedimentos: entrevista específica, questionário de qualidade de vida no trabalho, audiometria tonal liminar e de alta frequência, logoaudiometria, imitanciometria. A coleta de dados foi realizada na Clinica de Fonoaudiologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru-Universidade de São Paulo. Resultados: Na avaliação audiológica os resultados encontrados mostraram normalidade, de acordo com padrões pré-estabelecidos, entretanto os participantes foram orientados a realizar acompanhamento devido à faixa limite de normalidade na audiometria convencional e altas frequências, assim como a presença de recrutamento em alguns indivíduos. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que as exposições constantes aos agrotóxicos podem causar alterações do sistema auditivo periférico, mesmo que não haja presença de ruído no local de trabalho. Este estudo, e muitos outros, propõem dados que demonstram a importância de programas de prevenção quanto à exposição ao agrotóxico na saúde do trabalhador, implementar o controle dos agentes, assim como a vigilância. Outros trabalhos com uma população mais robusta devem ser desenvolvidos de forma a expor as evidências de comprometimento periférico.

Introduction: The pesticide is a complex issue and is powdered in various institutions and actions, both within the SUS and in other government agencies, requiring the urgence to set up a group to facilitate the articulation of different instances. Objective: To assess the effects of pesticide contamination on hearing health of rural workers. Methods: Participants were eight rural workers with at least two years of experience. Selected employees underwent two questionnaires, and audiological evaluation, using the following procedures: interview specifies, quality of life questionnaire at work, pure tone audiometry and high frequency, speech audiometry, tympanometry. Data collection was performed at the at the Speech Patology and Audiology of the Bauru School of Dentistry-University of São Paulo Results: In the audiological evaluation the results showed normal, according to established standards, however the participants were asked to perform periodic monitoring due to normal range in conventional audiometry and high frequencies as well as the presence of recruitment in some individuals. Conclusion: The results suggest that constant exposure to pesticides are likely to cause changes of the peripheral auditory system even if there is not noise present in the workplace. This study and many others propose data demonstrating the importance of prevention programs of the exposition to these agrochemicals to the worker health, highlighting vigilance . Other studies with larger populations should be developed in order to expose more evidence.

Introduccion: El agrotóxico es un asunto complejo y está pulverizado en diversas instituciones y acciones, tanto en el ámbito del SUS como en otros órganos de gobierno, necesitando urgente de constitución de un grupo para viabilizar la articulación de las diferentes instancias. Objetivo: verificar los efectos de la contaminación por agrotóxicos en la salud auditiva de trabajadores rurales. Material y Métodos: Participaron 8 trabajadores rurales con al menos dos años de experiencia. Los trabajadores seleccionados fueron sometidos a dos cuestionarios y evaluación audiológica, por medio de los siguientes procedimientos: entrevista específica, cuestionario de calidad de vida en el trabajo, audiometría tonal liminar y de alta frecuencia, logoaudiometría, imitanciometría. La recolección de datos fue realizada en la Clínica de Fonoaudiología de la en la Clínica de Logopedia de la Facultad de Odontología de Bauru-Universidad de São Paulo Resultados: En la evaluación audiológica los resultados encontrados mostraron normalidad, de acuerdo con estándares preestablecidos, sin embargo los participantes fueron orientados a realizar seguimiento debido al rango límite de normalidad en la audiometría convencional y altas frecuencias, así como la presencia de reclutamiento en algunos individuos. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que las exposiciones constantes a los agrotóxicos pueden causar alteraciones del sistema auditivo periférico aunque no haya presencia de ruido en el lugar de trabajo. Este estudio y muchos otros proponen datos que demuestran la importancia de programas de prevención en cuanto a esos químicos. Otros trabajos con mayor población deben ser desarrollados para exponer mayores evidencias.

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in children with lead exposure.

INTRODUCTION: Earlier studies have demonstrated an auditory effect of lead exposure in children, but information on the effects of low chronic exposures needs to be further elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of low chronic exposures of the auditory system in children with a history of low blood lead levels, using an auditory electrophysiological test. METHODS: Contemporary cross-sectional cohort. Study participants underwent tympanometry, pure tone and speech audiometry, transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, and brainstem auditory evoked potentials, with blood lead monitoring over a period of 35.5 months. The study included 130 children, with ages ranging from 18 months to 14 years, 5 months (mean age 6 years, 8 months ± 3 years, 2 months). RESULTS: The mean time-integrated cumulative blood lead index was 12 µg/dL (SD ± 5.7, range: 2.433). All participants had hearing thresholds equal to or below 20 dBHL and normal amplitudes of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. No association was found between the absolute latencies of waves I, III, and V, the interpeak latencies I-III, III-V, and I-V, and the cumulative lead values. CONCLUSION: No evidence of toxic effects from chronic low lead exposures was observed on the auditory function of children living in a lead contaminated area.

Relationships between episodic memory performance prediction and sociodemographic variables among healthy older adults.

Previous studies have suggested that performance prediction, an aspect of metamemory, may be associated with objective performance on memory tasks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to describe memory prediction before performing an episodic memory task, in community-dwelling older adults, stratified by sex, age group and educational level. Additionally, the association between predicted and objective performance on a memory task was investigated. METHODS: The study was based on data from 359 participants in the FIBRA study carried out at Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo. Memory prediction was assessed by posing the question: "If someone showed you a sheet with drawings of 10 pictures to observe for 30 seconds, how many pictures do you think you could remember without seeing the sheet?". Memory performance was assessed by the memorization of 10 black and white pictures from the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB). RESULTS: No differences were found between men and women, nor for age group and educational level, in memory performance prediction before carrying out the memory task. There was a modest association (rho=0.11, p=0.041) between memory prediction and performance in immediate memory. On multivariate linear regression analyses, memory performance prediction was moderately significantly associated with immediate memory (p=0.061). CONCLUSION: In this study, sociodemographic variables did not influence memory prediction, which was only modestly associated with immediate memory on the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery (BCSB).

Estudos prévios sugerem que a previsão de desempenho, um dos aspectos da metamemória, pode estar associada ao desempenho em tarefas de memória. OBJETIVO: Objetivou-se descrever a previsão de desempenho antes da realização de uma tarefa de memória episódica em idosos residentes na comunidade, divididos por sexo, faixas de idade e escolaridade. Adicionalmente, objetivou-se estudar a associação entre a previsão de desempenho com o desempenho objetivo em tarefa de memória. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados os dados de 359 idosos participantes do estudo FIBRA realizado em Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo. Foi utilizada uma questão referente à previsão de desempenho: "Se alguém lhe mostrasse uma folha com desenhos de 10 figuras para observar por 30 segundos, quantas figuras o/a senhor/a acha que conseguiria se lembrar em seguida sem ver a folha?". O desempenho de memória foi avaliado pela memorização de 10 figuras em preto e branco da Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC). RESULTADOS: Não foram encontradas diferenças entre homens e mulheres, entre faixas etárias ou de escolaridade para a previsão de desempenho antes da realização de tarefa de memória. Houve associação modesta (rho=0,11, p=0,041) entre a previsão de desempenho e o desempenho em memória imediata. Na análise de regressão linear multivariada a previsão de desempenho associou-se de forma moderatemente significante com a memória imediata (p=0,061). CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo observou-se que as variáveis sociodemográficas não influenciaram a previsão de desempenho que esteve associada de forma modesta com a memória imediata na Bateria Breve de Rastreio Cognitivo (BBRC).

[Audiometric evaluation in extended high frequencies of individuals exposed to occupational noise]. / Avaliação da audição em freqüências ultra-altas em indivíduos expostos ao ruído ocupacional.

BACKGROUND: Audiometric evaluation in extended high frequencies. AIM: To evaluate the hearing of adults exposed to occupational noise in conventional and ultra-high frequencies. METHOD: Evaluation of 30 adults exposed to noise and 30 adults who are not exposed (control group). Audiometer SD-50/Siemens, phones HDA200 and warble tone. RESULTS: With the increase in frequency, age and time of noise exposure there was a higher decrease in the hearing thresholds for the group of individuals exposed to noise. A higher incidence of hearing loss at 6 kHz and 14 kHz was observed. CONCLUSION: The present research demonstrated that the audiometric evaluation in extended high frequencies contributes to the early diagnosis of cortipathies, since these thresholds are affected before the conventional frequencies.

Histórico do grupo EAPS, conceito de Aparência e síntese dos resultados: dez anos de pesquisa, ensino e extensão sobre a temática Envelhecimento e Aparência / EAPS group history, Appearance concept, and summary of the results: ten years of research, teaching, and extension on the theme Aging and Appearance / Historia del grupo EAPS, concepto de Apariencia y resumen de los resultados: diez años de investigación, enseñanza y extensión universitaria en el tema Envejecimiento y Apariencia

A temática Envelhecimento e Aparência não tem sido discutida na Gerontologia nacional em toda a sua complexidade. O artigo apresenta as atividades, resultados e desafios presentes no percurso dos 10 anos do grupo de pesquisa, ensino e extensão Envelhecimento, Aparência e Significados, vinculado à EACH/USP. As contribuições do grupoforam: 1) proposição de uma temática de investigação científica, a partir da observação de demanda social específica; 2) proposta de conceito para a variável aparência; 3) oficina de extensão universitária conjunta com disciplina optativa envolvendo alunosde graduação e pós-graduação; 4) três exposições artísticas; 5) palestras diversas; 6) um conjunto de pesquisas exploratórias, majoritariamente de caráter qualitativo, desenvolvidas por alunos de graduação e pós-graduação, algumascom financiamento; 7) um seminário de pesquisa; 8) vinculação ao diretório de grupos de pesquisa do CNPq; 9) siteinstitucional e página no Facebook; e, por fim, 10) publicações científicas nacionais, inclusive, organização de número especial26, de 2019,da Revista Kairós-Gerontologiasobre a temática. Os esforços visam a sensibilizar, visibilizar e fomentar o debate em torno dos aspectos socioculturais da Aparência, como modo de fortalecer e legitimar as identidades e o engajamento social, ao promover a heterogeneidade dasformas de envelhecer.

The Aging and Appearancetheme has not been discussed in the Brazilian Gerontology in its complexity. The article presents the activities, results, and challenges present in the 10 years of the research, teaching and extension group Aging, Appearance and Meaning of the School of Arts, Sciences, and Humanities from University of São Paulo, Brazil. The group's contributions were: 1) the proposition of a theme of scientificinvestigation, from the observation of a specific social demand; 2) the proposition of a concept for the appearance variable; 3)university extension workshop in conjunction with an elective discipline involving undergraduate and graduate students; 4) three artistic exhibitions; 5) various lectures; 6) a set of exploratory research, mostly qualitative, developed by undergraduate and graduate students, some with funding; 7) a research seminar; 8) registration in CNPq Research Groups Directory, Brazil; 9)institutional website and Facebook page; and, finally, 10) national scientific publications, including the organization of a special issue on the subject for the Kairós-Gerontologia Journal.

El tema Envejecimiento y Apariencia no ha sido discutido de modocomplejo en la Gerontología brasileña. De esa manera, el artículo presenta las actividades, resultados y desafíos presentes en los 10 años del grupo de investigación, enseñanza y extensión Envejecimiento, Apariencia y Significados, asociado a la Escuela de Artes, Ciencias y Humanidades de la Universidad de São Paulo, Brasil. Las contribuciones del grupo fueron: 1) la proposición de un tema de investigación científica, a partir de la observación de una demanda social específica; 2) la proposición de un concepto de Apariencia; 3) un taller de extensión universitaria en asociación con una asignatura electiva para estudiantes de grado y posgrado; 4) tresexposiciones artísticas; 5) varias conferencias; 6) un conjunto de investigaciones exploratorias, en su mayoría cualitativas, desarrolladas por estudiantes de grado y posgrado, algunas con financiación; 7) un seminario de investigación; 8) el registro en el Directorio de Grupos de Investigación del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasil; 9) la página web institucional y el Facebook del grupo; y, finalmente, 10) publicaciones científicas nacionales, en las cuales se incluye este número especial de la Revista Kairós-Gerontología.