Virulence of Vibrio harveyi responsible for the "Bright-red" Syndrome in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei.

Vibrio harveyi (Vh) CAIM 1792 strain was isolated from Litopenaeus vannamei affected with "Bright-red" Syndrome (BRS). The strain grew in 1-10% NaCl, at 15-35°C and was resistant to ampicillin (10 µg), carbenicillin (100 µg) and oxytetracycline (30 µg). The lowest MIC was for enrofloxacine (0.5 µgml(-1)). The in vivo and in vitro toxicity of bacterial cells and the extracellular products (ECPs) of Vh CAIM 1792 grown at 1.0%, 2.0% and 4.0% NaCl were evaluated. Adherence ability, enzymatic activities and siderophore production of bacterial cell was tested. The ECPs exhibited several enzymatic activities, such as gelatinase, amylase, lipase, phospholipase and caseinase. These ECPs displayed a strong cytotoxic effect on HELA cell line at 6 and 24 h. Challenges using 10(3) CFU g(-1) caused opacity at the site of injection and over 80% shrimp mortality before 24 h p.i. (post-injection). Mortality caused by the ECPs was higher than mortalities with bacteria, especially in the first hours p.i. Bacteria were re-isolated from hemolymph samples of moribund shrimp and identified as Vh CAIM 1792 by rep-PCR. Histological analysis of shrimp L. vannamei injected with Vh CAIM 1792 revealed generalized necrosis involving skeletal muscle (MU) at the injection site, the lymphoid organ (LO), heart and connective tissues. Melanization within the MU at the site of injection was also observed as well as hemocytic nodules within the hearth and MU at 168 h p.i. LO was the target organ of BRS. Necrosis of the MU at the injection site was the main difference in comparison to other shrimp vibriosis.

'Bright-red' syndrome in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei is caused by Vibrio harveyi.

Since July 2005, recurrent outbreaks of vibriosis have occurred in shrimp farms in northwestern Mexico. Moribund Litopenaeus vannamei associated with mass mortalities were lethargic and displayed red discoloration spots on their abdomen, and hence were called 'bright-reds' by farmers. Shrimp submitted for diagnosis were examined using wet tissue mounts, bacteriological assays and their respective minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and histology. A dominant yellow bacterial colony was isolated in thiosulphate citrate bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and identified by molecular methods as Vibrio harveyi strain CAIM 1792. Pathogenicity of the V. harveyi strain was demonstrated in L. vannamei. The lowest MIC against Vibrio isolates from bright-red shrimp was obtained with enrofloxacine (3.01, SD = 5.96 pg ml(-1)). Histology detected severe necrosis in lymphoid organ tubules, muscle fibers, and connective tissue, as well as melanization and hemocytic nodules associate with microcolonies of Gram-negative bacilli. Bacteria from severely affected shrimp were dispersed from the haemocoel to other tissues causing a systemic vibriosis. The data indicate that V. harveyi strain CAIM 1792 is the cause of bright-red syndrome (BRS) and represents a threat to the Mexican shrimp farming industry.

Relación entre aprecio corporal, alimentación intuitiva y gratitud: una revisión sistemática / Relationship between body appreciation, intuitive eating and gratitude: a systematic review

Resumen En este estudio se realizó una revisión de la literatura para examinar el aprecio corporal con relación a la alimentación intuitiva y la gratitud en mujeres y hombres, adolescentes y adultos. Los artículos publicados entre septiembre de 2010 y octubre de 2021 se identificaron utilizando las palabras clave aprecio corporal, alimentación intuitiva y gratitud, escritas en inglés y en español. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, ProQuest Central, EBSCO y Web of Science. Los estudios fueron incluidos si eran trabajos empíricos, publicados en revistas científicas, escritos en idioma inglés o español y evaluaron la relación entre aprecio corporal, alimentación intuitiva y gratitud por sexo. Treinta y un estudios transversales y uno longitudinal cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad y mayormente se realizaron en Norteamérica. La relación entre gratitud, aprecio corporal y alimentación intuitiva fue positiva y significativa tanto en hombres como en mujeres, adolescentes y adultos. Además, la gratitud predice el aprecio corporal, el cual a su vez media la relación entre gratitud y alimentación intuitiva, en mujeres. Este estudio aportó información valiosa sobre la importancia de ser agradecido para desarrollar y/o mantener una imagen corporal positiva y hábitos alimentarios adaptativos. Este hallazgo es importante, debido a que la gratitud puede ser modificada por medio de intervenciones terapéuticas

Abstract In this study, a literature review was conducted to examine body appreciation in relation to intuitive eating and gratitude in women and men, adolescents and adults. Articles published between September 2010 and October 2021 were identified using the keywords body appreciation, intuitive eating and gratitude, written in English and Spanish. The search was performed in PubMed, ProQuest Central, EBSCO and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they were empirical, published in scientific journals, written in English or Spanish, and evaluated the relationship between body appreciation, intuitive eating, and gratitude by sex. Thirty-one cross-sectional and one longitudinal study met the eligibility criteria and were mostly conducted in North America. The relationship between gratitude, body appreciation and intuitive eating was positive and significant in both men and women, adolescents and adults. Furthermore, gratitude predicts body appreciation, which in turn mediates the relationship between gratitude and intuitive eating, in women. This study provided valuable insights into the importance of being grateful in developing and/or maintaining positive body image and adaptive eating habits. This finding is important, because gratitude can be modified through therapeutic interventions.

Draft Genome Sequence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strain M0605, Which Causes Severe Mortalities of Shrimps in Mexico.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), also known as early mortality syndrome (EMS), causes high mortalities in cultured shrimps in Asia (L. Tran et al., Dis. Aquat. Organ. 105:45-55, 2013, http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02621). Here, we report the draft genome sequence of one Mexican strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that causes similar clinical signs in diseased shrimps.

Polipectomía colonoscópica pediátrica / Pediatric colonoscopy polipectomy

Los pólipos rectocolónicos son relativamente frecuentes en la infancia y constituyen una de las mayores causas de sangrado rectal. La polipectomía endoscópica, por su baja morbilidad y mortalidad, ha revolucionado su tratamiento. Entre el 1º de octubre de 1985 y el 31 de mayo de 1994, se resecó por endoscopía, 122 pólipos rectocolónicos, en 88 pacientes pediátricos. Cuarenticinco (51.1 por ciento) de los pacientes fueron hombres y 43 (48.9 por ciento) fueron mujeres. Entre 1 y 5 años se encontro el mayor número de pacientes, correspondieron a 44 casos (50 por ciento). La localización más frecuente fué el recto en 95 (77.9 por ciento). Respecto a tamaño, 63 de los pólipos (51.6 por ciento) midieron entre 1 y 2 cm, diámetro mayor. Sesentitrés pacientes (83 por ciento tuvieron pólipo único, 10 (11.4 por ciento) tuvieron dobles y en 1 paciente se encontró 12 pólipos. Noventiseis (78.7 por ciento) fueron pediculados, siendo ésta la forma más frecuente. Histológicamente el más común fué el pólipo juvenil en 106 casos (87.6 por ciento). Las polipectomías fueron hechas sin uso de anestesia general y en forma ambulatoria. No tuvimos ninguna complicación en el procedimiento. Se concluye que la polipectomía colonoscópica es un método útil, sencillo y seguro para el tratamiento de pólipos rectocolónicos en niños

Eficacia y segurida de altas dosis de simvastatina en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia, la experiencia peruana / Efficacy and safety of dose simvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia, the peruvian experience

Los inhibidores de la enzima HMG-CO A reductasa son en la actualida el tratamiento mas efectivo con que contamos para pacientes con hipercolesterolemia,aunque en algunos de estos pacientes el uso de dosis estandares de estas drogas no son suficientes para alcanzar los niveles de LDL colesterol recomnedados por el NCEP, y dosis mayores son deseables.Hemos disenado el presente estudio para evaluar la eficacia y tolerabilida de dosis altas(80 mg) de simvastatina en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia.En diseno aleatorizado y adoble ciego reclutamos 38 pacientes con niveles de LDL colesterol por encima de 160 mg/dl ytrigliceridos por debajo de 350/mg/dl y fueron tratados con simvastatina 40 u 80mg por espacio de 24 semanas.Simvastatina 80mg/dia redujo LDL colesterol por 54.4 por cento,con una reduction significativamente mayor del 20.5 por cento con respecto a simvastatina40 mg;hdh colesterol se incremento en 16 por cento y 15 por cento respectivamente.Ambas dosis fueron bien toleradas y sin deferencia significativa en cuanto a eventos adversos