Bio-Guided Investigation of Sideritis cypria Methanol Extract Driven by in Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Assays.

Sideritis cypria Post is an endemic and endangered species of Northern Cyprus. The overall aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic content, the antioxidant, the cytotoxic and the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract obtained from the aerial parts of cultivated S. cypria. A bio-guided approach led to the isolation of 27 chemical compounds by using various analytical techniques. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The crude extract exerted strong antioxidant activity (DPPH and FRAP assays) which was attributed to its high total phenolic content. Furthermore, groups rich in phenolic content showed highest antioxidant property, whereas groups with phytosterols, diterpenoids and apigenin derivatives exerted cytotoxic effects in MDA-MB231 cancer cell line by the MTT method. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of four isolated apigenin derivatives was evaluated in the same cancer cells. The antimicrobial activity of the extract and groups were measured, demonstrating lack of activity. To the best of our knowledge, this survey is the first report on the biological activities of the methanol extract of S. cypria.

Polar constituents, biological effects and nutritional value of Sideritis sipylea Boiss.

The present study focuses on the polar constituents and biological effects of the methanol extract and the infusion of wild Sideritis sipylea Boiss. from Samos island (Greece), as well as on the nutritional and mineral contents of this plant. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were examined. In addition, the anti-acetylcholinesterase property was evaluated, revealing strictly lower results than the control, galanthamine. Furthermore, the nutritional value of the plant is reported herein for the first time, revealing a promising source of protein. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work on the infusion of this species and the nutritional value of the plant.

Traditionally Used Sideritis cypria Post.: Phytochemistry, Nutritional Content, Bioactive Compounds of Cultivated Populations.

Sideritis species are recognized as important medicinal plants and their commercial demand is continuously on the rise both in the European and in the global market. Consequently, the cultivation of Sideritis species has been occurred to successfully meet the need for mass production of high-quality plant material. The present study was undertaken in order to investigate the chemical composition of cultivated S. cypria. Infusions of flowers and leaves were prepared separately, according to the European Medicine Agency (EMA) monograph. The infusion of the flowers revealed the presence of four flavones, isoscutellarein-7-O-[6'″-O-acetyl-ß-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, its 4'-O-methyl-derivative, 4'-O-methyl-hypolaetin-7-O-[6'″-O-acetyl-ß-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)-ß-D-glucopyranoside, and isoscutellarein-7-O-[6'″-O-acetyl-ß-D-allopyranosyl-(1→2)]-6″-O-acetyl-ß-D-glucopyranoside; four phenylethanoid glucosides, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, lamalboside, and leonoside A; one iridoid, melittoside, and one phenolic acid, chlorogenic acid, while the infusion of the leaves of the same population afforded the same first two flavones; five phenylethanoid glucosides, acteoside, leucosceptoside A, lavandulifolioside, leonoside A, and lamalboside; melittoside and chlorogenic acid. The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was undertaken by high-field NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the essential oils of the flowers and leaves were studied by GC-MS, separately. In addition, the mineral, bioactive compounds, protein and carbohydrate contents were evaluated for both plant materials.