Vaporchromic Domino Transformation and Polarized Photonic Heterojunctions of Organoplatinum Microrods.

Photonic heterostructures with codable properties have shown great values as versatile information carriers at the micro and nanoscale. These heterostructures are typically prepared by a step-by-step growth or post-functionalization method to achieve varied emission colors among different building blocks. In order to realize high-throughput and multivariate information loading, we report here a strategy to integrate polarization signals into photonic heterojunctions. A U-shaped di-Pt(II) complex is assembled into highly-polarized yellow-phosphorescent crystalline microrods (Y-rod) by strong intermolecular Pt···Pt interaction. Upon end-initiated desorption of the incorporated CH2Cl2 solvents, Y-rod is transformed in a domino fashion into tri-block polarized photonic heterojunctions (PPHs) with alternate red-yellow-red emissions or red-phosphorescent microrods (R-rod). The red emissions of these structures are also highly polarized; however, their polarization directions are just orthogonal to those of the yellow phosphorescence of Y-rod. With the aid of a patterned mask, R-rod is further programmed into multi-block PPHs with precisely-controlled block sizes by side-allowed adsorption of CH2Cl2 vapor. X-ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations suggest that the solvent-regulated modulation of intramolecular and intermolecular excited states is critical for the construction of these PPHs.

Selective, Anisotropic, or Consistent Polarized-Photon Out-Coupling of 2D Organic Microcrystals.

Nano- and micromaterials with anisotropic photoluminescence and photon transport have widespread application prospects in quantum optics, optoelectronics, and displays. But the nature of the polarization information of the out-coupled light, with respect to that of the source luminescence, has never been explored in active optical-waveguiding organic crystals. Herein, three different modes (selective, anisotropic, and consistent) of polarized-photon out-coupling are proposed and successfully implemented in a set of 2D organic microcrystals with highly linearly-polarized luminescence. It is found that the polarization direction and degree of the luminescence out-coupled through different waveguiding channels can either be essentially retained or distinctly changed with respect to those of the original luminescence, depending on the molecular arrangement and the orientation of transition dipole moments of the crystal. This work demonstrates the promising potential of 2D emissive microcrystals in multi-channel polarized photon transport.

Dual-Emissive Tris-Heteroleptic Ruthenium Complexes: Tuning the DNA-Triggered Ratiometric Emission Response by Ancillary Ligands.

Three tris-heteroleptic mononuclear Ru(II) complexes with dual fluorescence and phosphorescence-[Ru(dpma)(bpy)(phen)]2+ (12+), [Ru(dpma)(bpy)(dppz)]2+ (22+), and [Ru(dpma)(phen)(dppz)]2+ (32+)-have been designed and used as ratiometric light-response probes for DNA, where dpma is di(pyrid-2-yl)(methyl)-amine, bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, and dppz is dipyridophenazine, respectively. Single crystals of complex 2(PF6)2 have been obtained and studied by X-ray analysis. The interactions of these complexes with different DNAs are investigated by means of spectroscopic methods, viscosity measurements, and molecular modeling. In the presence of calf thymus DNA, complexes 2(PF6)2 and 3(PF6)2 show the emergence of a new lower-energy phosphorescence emission band; meanwhile, the higher-energy fluorescence emission band is essentially unchanged, functioning as an intrinsic internal reference. These two complexes exhibit stronger preference for calf thymus DNA over single-strand DNA (d(A)16 and d(C)16). In contrast, no binding interaction between 1(PF6)2 and calf thymus DNA is observed. The intrinsic binding constants (Kb) of 2(PF6)2 and 3(PF6)2 with calf thymus DNA are determined to be (1.4 ± 0.4) × 105 and (9.5 ± 0.15) × 104 M-1, respectively. In addition, these spectroscopic results are compared with those of the prototype complex [Ru(bpy)2(dppz)]2+ (42+), and density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory calculations are employed to elucidate these experimental findings.

Fluorescence 'turn-on' probe for Al3+ detection in water based on ZnS/ZnO quantum dots with excellent selectivity and stability.

In this work, an efficient and stable fluorescent probe for Al3+was established. The fluorescent probe based on the fluorescence 'turn-on' mode of zinc sulfide crystal composite zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnS/ZnO QDs). The ZnS/ZnO QDs were synthesized via two-step method using L-Cysteine (L-Cys) as a sulfur source and stabilizer. In the synthesis of ZnS/ZnO QDs, the fluorescence of zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs) decreased and its stability increased in aqueous solution after the addition of L-Cys. In addition, the as-synthesized ZnS/ZnO QDs shows fluorescent enhancement to Al3+. The ZnS/ZnO QDs based fluorescence 'turn-on' probe presented wide linear ranges (1 nM-8µM and 8-100µM). The availability of as-established sensing probe was also estimated by real water sample tests. Furthermore, the fluorescent enhancing mechanism was carried out by recording the fluorescent lifetime of samples, which might be related to the QDs dispersion and charge transfer weaken.

One-dimensional In2O3nanorods as sensing material for ppb-level n-butanol detection.

Effectively and quantificationally detecting hazardous gas n-butanol is very significant in daily life, which can bring about a safe living condition for humans. In this study, the one-dimensional In2O3nanorods were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal route and post-heat treatment. Noticeably, one-dimensional nanorods structures were obtained and the products presented a superior growth orientation along with (222) plane. Additionally, systematical gas-sensing measurements of the sensor made from In2O3nanorods towards hazardous n-butanol gas were conducted. Results exhibited that the fabricated sensor showed excellent n-butanol sensing properties, with aspects to a superior response value of 342.20 with concentration 100 ppm at 240 °C, remarkable selectivity, fast response/recovery times (77.5/34.2 s) and good stability. More interestingly, the detection limit of sensor as low as 500 ppb and a good linearity relationship between response values and n-butanol concentrations was presented. Gas-sensitive properties of this sensor are better than previously reported in n-butanol detection. All results demonstrate that one-dimensional In2O3nanorod is a promising sensor material to practical applications in effectively detecting n-butanol gas.

A novel non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and selectivity based on CdIn2O4nanoparticles on 3D Ni foam substrate.

Due to the poor conductivity of Fe based, Cu based and Co based electrode materials commonly used in the electrochemical detection of glucose, and the uneven stirring and poor conductivity of the traditional preparation method based on glassy carbon electrode. In order to solve the above problems, in this work, CdIn2O4with high electrical conductivity was directly grown on three-dimensional (3D) Ni foam to prepare electrode materials for non-enzymatic glucose sensors. CdIn2O4nanoparticles is prepared from cadmium acetate and indium nitrate hydrate in benzyl alcohol by non-aqueous sol-gel method. The electrocatalytic oxidation performances of CdIn2O4electrode material for non-enzymatic glucose are studied. The results show that the proposed CdIn2O4electrode material has good electrochemical properties and sensing performance for glucose detection. The electrochemical response of CdIn2O4electrode material to glucose is recorded that calibration plot for glucose concentrations ranging from 1.0µM to 1.0 mM (R2 = 0.99), a limit detection of 0.08µM, an excellent sensitivity of 3.2925 mA.mM-1.cm-2, a rapid response time of 1.58 s, a good selectivity and a good long-term stability. These demonstrate the significant potential of CdIn2O4electrode material based on 3D Ni foam as non-enzymatic glucose sensors, which makes it possible to use it as a practical glucose detector. This work could introduce a new concept of nanoparticles modified electrode material grown directly on 3D Ni foam, thus a simple and reliable electrochemical glucose sensor platform is realized. This study was completed in 2019 in the school of materials and energy, Yunnan University.

[Discrimination of Lactarius and Russula Mushrooms with FTIR and Two-Dimensional Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy].

Tri-step infrared spectroscopy method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, second derivative infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy was firstly used to discriminate six species of mushrooms belonging to the genus Lactarius and Russula. The absorption bands of the original spectrum were very similar, which were composed by protein and polysaccharides, but tiny differences were observed at the position, shape and absorption intensities of peaks. Second derivative infrared spectroscopy technology was applied to study 6 species of the samples, there were obvious differences in the range of 1 800～1 400 and 1 200～800 cm-1. Two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy can improve the resolution of spectra. Therefore two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy was used to study 6 kinds of mushrooms. The results showed that there are three auto-peaks in the Lactarius, four in the Russula and significant differences in the number, intensity of auto-peaks and cross peaks were observed in the range of 1 690~1 420 cm-1. In addition, the peaks quantity, position, intensity of auto-peaks and cross peaks were different in the range of 1 110~920 cm-1. It demonstrates that tri-step infrared spectroscopy technology of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, second derivative infrared spectroscopy and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy is a rapid and effective method for discriminating Lactarius and Russula.

[Discrimination of Seven Species of Boletus with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy].

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis were used to discriminate seven species of boletus belonging to the same genus. The results showed that the absorption bands of original spectra were similar, which were mainly composed of the absorption bands of protein and polysaccharides, but tiny differences were still observed at the position and intensities of peaks. Two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy technology was applied to study the sample. It showed that there are 6 auto-peaks in the Boletus brunneissimus Chiu and Boletus bicolor, 5 auto-peaks in the Boletus speciosus, 4 auto-peaks in the Boletus griseus Forst and Boletus calopus, only 3 in the Boletus edulis and Boletus aereus in the range of 1 680~1 300 cm-1. The significant differences in the position, intensity of auto-peaks and cross peaks were still observed in the range of 1 680~1 300 cm-1. Same significant differences were observed in the range of 1 150~920 cm-1. Principal component analysis was conducted on boletus with second derivative infrared spectra in the range of 1 800~800 cm-1. All the samples were distinguished and the classification accuracy of principal component analysis is up to 100%. It is demonstrated that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy or principal component analysis is a rapid and effective method for discriminating mushrooms.

Nylons with Highly-Bright and Ultralong Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence.

Endowing the widely-used synthetic polymer nylon with high-performance organic room-temperature phosphorescence would produce advanced materials with a great potential for applications in daily life and industry. One key to achieving this goal is to find a suitable organic luminophore that can access the triplet excited state with the aid of the nylon matrix by controlling the matrix-luminophore interaction. Herein we report highly-efficient room-temperature phosphorescence nylons by doping cyano-substituted benzimidazole derivatives into the nylon 6 matrix. These homogeneously doped materials show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes of up to 1.5 s and high phosphorescence quantum efficiency of up to 48.3% at the same time. The synergistic effect of the homogeneous dopant distribution via hydrogen bonding interaction, the rigid environment of the matrix polymer, and the potential energy transfer between doped luminophores and nylon is important for achieving the high-performance room-temperature phosphorescence, as supported by combined experimental and theoretical results with control compounds and various polymeric matrices. One-dimensional optical fibers are prepared from these doped room-temperature phosphorescence nylons that can transport both blue fluorescent and green afterglow photonic signals across the millimeter distance without significant optical attenuation. The potential applications of these phosphorescent materials in dual information encryption and rewritable recording are illustrated.

CD206 modulates the role of M2 macrophages in the origin of metastatic tumors.

Tumor metastasis is a key factor affecting the life of patients with malignant tumors. For the past hundred years, scientists have focused on how to kill cancer cells and inhibit their metastasis in vivo, but few breakthroughs have been made. Here we hypothesized a novel mode for cancer metastasis. We show that the phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells by macrophages leads to their polarization into the M2 phenotype, and that the expression of stem cell related as well as drug resistance related genes was induced. Therefore, it appears that M2 macrophages have "defected" and have been transformed into the initial "metastatic cancer cells", and thus are the source, at least in part, of the distal tissue tumor metastasis. This assumption is supported by the presence of fused cells with characteristics of both macrophage and tumor cell observed in the peripheral blood and ascites of patients with ovarian cancer. By eliminating the expression of CD206 in M2 macrophages using siRNA, we show that the growth and metastasis of tumors was suppressed using both in vitro cell line and with experimental in vivo mouse models. In summary, we show that M2 macrophages in the blood circulation underwent a "change of loyalty" to become "cancer cells" that transformed into distal tissue metastasis, which could be suppressed by the knockdown of CD206 expression.

Introgression and selection shaping the genome and adaptive loci of weedy rice in northern China.

As a weed of rice paddy fields, weedy rice has spread worldwide. In northern China, the expansion of weedy rice has been rapid over the past two decades. Its evolutionary history and adaptive mechanisms are poorly understood. Evolutionary relationships between northern weedy rice and rice cultivars were analyzed using presumed neutral markers sampled across the rice genome. Genes involved in rice domestication were evaluated for their potential roles in weedy rice adaptation. Seed longevity, a critical trait of weedy rice, was examined in an F(2) population derived from a cross between weedy rice and a rice cultivar to evaluate weedy rice adaptation and the potential effect of candidate genes. Weedy rice in northern China was not derived directly from closely related wild Oryza species or from the introgression of indica subspecies. Introgression with local cultivars, coupled with selection that maintained weedy identity, shaped the evolution of weedy rice in northern China. Weedy rice is a unique system with which to investigate how weedy plants adapt to an agricultural environment. Our finding that extensive introgression from local cultivars, combined with the continuing ability to maintain weedy genes, is characteristic of weedy rice in northern China provides a clue for the field control of weedy rice.

Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of surface-mounted inlays in repairing pulp-penetrating non-carious cervical lesion of maxillary first premolar.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the stress distribution of surface-mounted inlays with two ceramic materials and different strategies for fiber post-restoration on pulp-penetrating non-carious cervical lesion in a maxillary first premolar to provide minimally invasive and reasonable restorative methods. METHODS: The cone beam computed tomography data of the standard right upper first premolar were selected. Healthy control (HC) and defective control (DC) finite element models were established. Then, eight experimental models were established according to two different ceramic materials (IPS e.max CAD [LD] and Lava Ultimate [LU]) and different locations of fiber post (without fiber post [NP], fiber post in buccal root canal [B], fiber post in palatal root canal [P], fiber post in both root canals [BP]), namely, LDNP, LDB, LDP, LDBP, LUNP, LUB, LUP, and LUBP. Axial load F1 and lateral load F2 were applied. Maximum principal stress and displacement of the buccal tip were investigated using finite element analysis software. Then, the percentage change of the following indicators in each experimental group was analyzed: stress of defective tip with group DC, stress of enamel and dentine, and displacement of buccal tips with group HC. It was considered similar when the percentage change was less than 5%. RESULTS: LD and LU groups could effectively reduce the stress of the defective tip, but the decreasing amplitude in the former was greater than that of the latter. For the stress of surface-mounted inlays and resin adhesive layer, LD groups were higher than LU groups, and no significant difference in stress peak was found among different experimental groups in the same material. In addition, fiber posts in double root canals could significantly reduce buccal tip displacement. CONCLUSIONS: For pulp-penetrating non-carious cervical lesions, the restorative strategy of surface-mounted inlays could be applied. Compared with Lava Ultimate, IPS e.max CAD could better protect the defective tip tooth. Furthermore, fiber posts in double root canals could decrease overall deformation and increase the retention of surface-mounted inlays.

The contribution of intersubspecific hybridization to the breeding of super-high-yielding japonica rice in northeast China.

Hybridization between indica and japonica rice combined with utilization of ideal plant type has led to the development of high-yielding japonica rice in northern China. However, the contribution at the genomic level of intersubspecific hybridization to the increased yield of northern Chinese japonica rice is uncertain. In this study, we analyzed the genomic pedigree of descendants of hybridization between indica and japonica rice grown in northeastern China between 1963 and 2008. Simple sequence repeat markers indicated that since 1990 the genetic diversity among northern japonica cultivars was enriched. Genome-wide analysis with subspecies-specific indel and intron length polymorphism markers showed indica-allele frequencies were significantly increased in cultivars bred after 1990, and were significantly positively correlated with spikelet number per panicle and significantly negatively correlated with panicle number per plant. Among eight genes controlling agronomic traits, GN1a and GS3 were partially fixed in the genome of northern japonica cultivars. In contrast, Waxy and qSH1 were eliminated, whereas DEP1 and qSW5 were retained. Indica germplasm is an important contributor to the increased yield of northern japonica rice. Breeding for high yield and grain quality in combination is a complicated process and difficult to achieve when relying on only one or several functional genes, thus the selection expertise of the breeder remains critical.

[Effects of organic manure partial substitution for chemical fertilizer on the photosynthetic rate, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of rice]. / æœ‰æœºè‚¥æ›¿ä»£éƒ¨åˆ†åŒ–è‚¥å¯¹æ°´ç¨»å ‰åˆé€ŸçŽ‡ã€æ°®ç´ åˆ©ç”¨çŽ‡å’Œäº§é‡çš„å½±å“.

Rational application of organic fertilizers is an effective approach to improve soil fertility, crop yield, and zero growth of chemical fertilizer in agricultural production. The rice variety 'Shennong9816' was planted in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, under seven different treatments: zero nitrogen fertilizer (CK), low nitrogen, 150 kg·hm-2(LN), medium nitrogen, 240 kg·hm-2 (MN), high nitrogen, 330 kg·hm-2(HN), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 10% organic manure (OMN10), medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 20% organic manure (OMN20), and medium nitrogen with replacement of chemical N by 30% organic manure (OMN30). The effects of different treatments on photosynthetic rate, nitrogen absorption, nitrogen use efficiency, and yield were examined and the optimal fertilization scheme was determined. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate, biomass and yield were increased with the increases of nitrogen application rate, while the nitrogen use efficiency was decreased significantly. Compared with the MN treatment, the photosynthetic rate of OMN10 and OMN20 in filling stage was increased by 22.9% and 9.9%, respectively. The yield of OMN20 was increased by 3.8% compared to that of MN. The nitrogen agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of OMN20 were significantly improved by 8.1% and 13.3%, respectively. Moreover, the nitrogen agronomic efficiency and physiological efficiency of OMN20 were improved by 27.2% and 37.2% compared with the HN treatment. Thus, we concluded that the organic fertilizer replacement treatment could conserve soil fertility, achieve high yield and high nitrogen use efficiency, while reduce chemical nitrogen fertilizer application. The OMN20 treatment was recommended as a fertilizer application model due to its superior performance among the seven treatments.

Solvo-thermal synthesis of a unique alkaline earth-transition Ba-Cd micro-porous coordination framework as hetero-metallic luminescent sensor for Cu2+ and real-time detection of benzaldehyde.

In this work a unique hetero-metallic alkaline earth-transition Ba-Cd luminescent micro-porous metal-organic framework {[BaCd(µ6-tp)1.5(µ2-Cl)(H2O) (DMF)2]·0.75H2O}n (H2tp=terephthalic acid) (1) has been prepared under solvo-thermal conditions. In 1 infinite 1D {Ba-X-Cd} (X=O, Cl) inorganic chains are linked via these full de-pronated tp2- ligands forming a unique 3D I1O2 type micro-porous coordination framework. PXRD patterns of 1 have been determined confirming pure phases of 1. Luminescence investigations suggested that 1 exhibits highly selective and sensitive sensing for trace amounts of benzaldehyde in ethanol, which provides a facile method for real-time detection of benzaldehyde. Meanwhile 1 also exhibits highly selective and sensitive sensing for Cu2+ over other cations with high quenching efficiency Ksv value 1.15×104L·mol-1. As far as we know, 1 represents the first example of alkaline earth-transition hetero-metallic Ba-Cd micro-porous coordination framework as bi-functional luminescent probes for Cu2+ and benzaldehyde.

[Photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics of weedy rice in northern China].

Weedy rice is an important germplasm source of rice, which has the characteristics of cold-, drought-, and barren tolerance. Taking 88 accessions of weedy rice and 4 varieties of cultivated rice in northern China as test materials, this paper studied the photosynthetic characteristics (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), water physiological characteristics, and their interrelationships of weedy rice in northern China. There existed greater differences in the photosynthetic and water physiological characteristics among the weedy rice accessions, possessing abundant diversity. The photosynthetic rate of the accessions was from 12.47 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x s(-1) to 28.67 micromol CO2 X m(-2) x s(-1), and the instantaneous water use efficiency was from 1.39 mg x g(-1) to 3.40 mg x g(-1). Among the photosynthetic parameters, intercellular CO2 concentration had the smallest variable coefficient, while stomatal conductance had the largest one. The photosynthetic rate had significant conic relationships with transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and had a linear relationship with intercellular CO2 concentration. The significant conic relationships also existed between the instantaneous water use efficiency and the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. The excellent features of weedy rice could be used to improve the cultivated rice varieties.

Utilization of weedy rice for development of japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.).

Two representative weedy rice lines, three typical japonica varieties and three typical indica varieties were used for 6 pairs of reciprocal crosses. The morphological traits of twelve F(1) hybrid lines, their parents and four elite cultivars were investigated for heterosis over mid-parent (HM), over parent (HP) and competitive heterosis (CH) analysis. Traits detected in weedy rice lines seemed larger than those in cultivars and excellent heterosis was produced in weedy rice crossing with japonica rice. Although weedy rice kept closer relationships with japonica rice compared to indica rice. But the heterosis of reciprocal crosses between weedy rice and japonica was closed to those of crosses between indica rice and japonica rice. In six of one hundred and eighteen weedy rice lines, the fertility restore gene for BT type cytoplasmic male sterility (BT-CMS) were detected. Weedy rice was very valuable germplasm resources with the abundant polymorphism. Meanwhile, the disadvantage, lodging, shattering and incompact plant type, should be modified by hybridization, backcross and multiple cross with japonica rice. Although it is difficult to use weedy rice directly, weedy rice may be available to breed both male sterile line and restorer line through improvement, developing japonica hybrid rice.