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ABSTRACT: Objective To discuss the application of artificial intelligence automatic diatom identification system in practical cases, to provide reference for quantitative diatom analysis using the system and to validate the deep learning model incorporated into the system. Methods Organs from 10 corpses in water were collected and digested with diatom nitric acid; then the smears were digitally scanned using a digital slide scanner and the diatoms were tested qualitatively and quantitatively by artificial intelligence automatic diatom identification system. Results The area under the curve ï¼AUCï¼ of the receiver operator characteristic ï¼ROCï¼ curve of the deep learning model incorporated into the artificial intelligence automatic diatom identification system, reached 98.22% and the precision of diatom identification reached 92.45%. Conclusion The artificial intelligence automatic diatom identification system is able to automatically identify diatoms, and can be used as an auxiliary tool in diatom testing in practical cases, to provide reference to drowning diagnosis.
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Inteligencia Artificial , Diatomeas , Cadáver , Ahogamiento , Humanos , PulmónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Age estimation is of great significance in the fields of criminal investigation and forensic identification. It can provide the age information of individuals to judicial departments to facilitate the development of judicial work. In recent years, age estimation methods expanded from the morphological level to the molecular biology level. With the rapid development of epigenetics represented by DNA methylation, and the advancement of DNA methylation detection technology together with the detection platform, many age estimation methods based on DNA methylation biomarkers, or using several biological fluids, such as blood, blood stains, saliva, semen stains, etc. are developed. Currently, researches related to age estimation based on DNA methylation are relatively widely carried out. This paper summarizes the researches on age estimation based on DNA methylation, in order to provide references for related studies and forensic applications.
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Envejecimiento/genética , Metilación de ADN , Genética Forense/métodos , Epigénesis Genética , Epigenómica , Humanos , SemenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To observe and analyze the performance of forensic science in the cases of suxa- methonium chloride poisoning, and to improve the identification of suxamethonium chloride poisoning. METHODS: Fifty-four cases of suxamethonium chloride poisoning were collected. The rules of determination of suxamethonium chloride poisoning were observed by the retrospective analysis of pathological and toxicological changes as well as case features. RESULTS: The pathological features of suxamethonium chloride poisoning were similar to the general changes of sudden death, which mainly included acute pulmonary congestion and edema, and partly showed myocardial disarray and fracture. Suxamethonium chloride could be detected in the heart blood of all cases and in skin tissue of part cases. CONCLUSIONS: Suxa-methonium chloride poisoning has the characteristics with fast death and covert means, which are difficult to rescue and easily miss inspection. For the cases of sudden death or suspicious death, determination of suxamethonium chloride should be taken as a routine detection index to prevent missing inspection.
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Muerte Súbita , Edema , Patologia Forense , Succinilcolina/envenenamiento , Adulto , Toxicología Forense/métodos , Humanos , Pulmón , Masculino , Miocardio , Intoxicación , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To promote the further research on body stature estimation and the innovative applications based on the distances between the anatomical landmarks on body torso surface. METHODS: A specification for the collection of distances between the anatomical landmarks on body torso surface was established. The data of 933 cases of adult population in Yangtze River Delta region were collected. Multiple linear regression method was used to statistical analyse and establish the regression equation of stature estimation. RESULTS: A regression equation about 5 variables including gender ï¼x1ï¼, cervical vertebrae-coccyx line ï¼x2ï¼, sterna-pubis line ï¼x3ï¼, distance between acromion and iliospinale anterius ï¼x4ï¼ and shoulder breadth ï¼x5ï¼, and stature ï¼yï¼ was established, y=105.406+5.414 x1+0.436 x2+0.286 x3+0.225 x4+ 0.193 x5. CONCLUSIONS: The method is suitable for the rapid, simple and accurate estimation of stature for the forensic experts.
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Estatura , Vértebras Cervicales/anatomía & histología , Antropología Forense/métodos , Torso/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Huesos/anatomía & histología , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Análisis de RegresiónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To explore the correlation between the expression levels of several RNA markers in human brain tissue and early postmortem interval ï¼PMIï¼. METHODS: Twelve individuals with known PMI ï¼range from 4.3 to 22.5 hï¼ were selected and total RNA was extracted from brain tissue. Eight commonly used RNA markers were chosen including ß-actin, GAPDH, RPS29, 18S rRNA, 5S rRNA, U6 snRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b, and the expression levels were detected in brain tissue by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. The internal reference markers with stable expression in early PMI were screened using geNorm software and the relationship between its expression level and some relevant factors such as age, gender and cause of death were analyzed. RNA markers normalized by internal reference were inserted into the mathematic model established by previous research for PMI estimation using R software. Model quality was judged by the error rate calculated with estimated PMI. RESULTS: 5S rRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b showed quite stable expression and their expression levels had no relation with age, gender and cause of death. The error rate of estimated PMI using ß-actin was 24.6%, while GAPDH was 41.0%. CONCLUSIONS: 5S rRNA, miRNA-9 and miRNA-125b are suitable as internal reference markers of human brain tissue owing to their stable expression in early PMI. The expression level of ß-actin correlates well with PMI, which can be used as an additional index for early PMI estimation.
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Encéfalo/metabolismo , MicroARNs/análisis , Cambios Post Mortem , ARN Nuclear Pequeño/análisis , Actinas/análisis , Autopsia , Humanos , Modelos Teóricos , Estabilidad del ARN , ARN Ribosómico 18S/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 5S/análisis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Programas InformáticosRESUMEN
The RENO experiment has observed the disappearance of reactor electron antineutrinos, consistent with neutrino oscillations, with a significance of 4.9 standard deviations. Antineutrinos from six 2.8 GW(th) reactors at the Yonggwang Nuclear Power Plant in Korea, are detected by two identical detectors located at 294 and 1383 m, respectively, from the reactor array center. In the 229 d data-taking period between 11 August 2011 and 26 March 2012, the far (near) detector observed 17102 (154088) electron antineutrino candidate events with a background fraction of 5.5% (2.7%). The ratio of observed to expected numbers of antineutrinos in the far detector is 0.920±0.009(stat)±0.014(syst). From this deficit, we determine sin(2)2θ(13)=0.113±0.013(stat)±0.019(syst) based on a rate-only analysis.
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An experiment for the detection of 0νß(+)/EC and 0νEC/EC in 92Mo nuclei has been carried out with a scintillating crystal, CaMoO4, in coincidence with the HPGe detector. We study the background events inside the event selection window for 0ν ß(+)/EC decays of CaMoO4 detector. For 51.2 days of data taking period, we didn't observe any event in the neutrinoless EC/EC decay event window. The (92)Mo 0νß(+)/EC decay half-life limit was set to 0.61×10(20) years with a 90% confidence by method of Feldman and Cousins. This ultra-low gamma ray measurement utilizing coincidence technique can be used for the resonant EC/EC decay process of some nuclei which is potentially important for neutrinoless double beta decay process.