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1.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 40: 127939, 2021 05 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33713780

RESUMEN

A novel series of guanidinebenzoate enteropeptidase and trypsin dual inhibitors has been discovered and SAR studies were conducted. Optimization was focused on improving properties for gut restriction, including increased aqueous solubility, lower cellular permeability, and reduced oral bioavailability. Lead compounds were identified with efficacy in a mouse fecal protein excretion study.


Asunto(s)
Benzoatos/farmacología , Enteropeptidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Guanidinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Tripsina/farmacología , Animales , Benzoatos/síntesis química , Benzoatos/farmacocinética , Células CHO , Bovinos , Cricetulus , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Heces/química , Guanidinas/síntesis química , Guanidinas/farmacocinética , Humanos , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólico/enzimología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/enzimología , Proteínas/metabolismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Inhibidores de Tripsina/síntesis química , Inhibidores de Tripsina/farmacocinética
2.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 47: 128172, 2021 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34091043

RESUMEN

A novel series of pyridone-based EP3 receptor antagonists was optimized for good physical properties and oral bioavailability in rodents. The lead compounds 3h, 3l and 4d displayed good in vitro profiles, moderate to good metabolic stability and good rodent PK profiles with low clearance, high oral exposure and acceptable half-life.


Asunto(s)
Piridonas/farmacología , Subtipo EP3 de Receptores de Prostaglandina E/antagonistas & inhibidores , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Piridonas/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad
3.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther ; 372(3): 339-353, 2020 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31818916

RESUMEN

The serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the degradation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) into arachidonic acid and glycerol. Inhibition of 2-AG degradation leads to elevation of 2-AG, the most abundant endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CBs) CB1 and CB2. Activation of these receptors has demonstrated beneficial effects on mood, appetite, pain, and inflammation. Therefore, MAGL inhibitors have the potential to produce therapeutic effects in a vast array of complex human diseases. The present report describes the pharmacologic characterization of [1-(4-fluorophenyl)indol-5-yl]-[3-[4-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]azetidin-1-yl]methanone (JNJ-42226314), a reversible and highly selective MAGL inhibitor. JNJ-42226314 inhibits MAGL in a competitive mode with respect to the 2-AG substrate. In rodent brain, the compound time- and dose-dependently bound to MAGL, indirectly led to CB1 occupancy by raising 2-AG levels, and raised norepinephrine levels in cortex. In vivo, the compound exhibited antinociceptive efficacy in both the rat complete Freund's adjuvant-induced radiant heat hypersensitivity and chronic constriction injury-induced cold hypersensitivity models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, respectively. Though 30 mg/kg induced hippocampal synaptic depression, altered sleep onset, and decreased electroencephalogram gamma power, 3 mg/kg still provided approximately 80% enzyme occupancy, significantly increased 2-AG and norepinephrine levels, and produced neuropathic antinociception without synaptic depression or decreased gamma power. Thus, it is anticipated that the profile exhibited by this compound will allow for precise modulation of 2-AG levels in vivo, supporting potential therapeutic application in several central nervous system disorders. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Potentiation of endocannabinoid signaling activity via inhibition of the serine hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is an appealing strategy in the development of treatments for several disorders, including ones related to mood, pain, and inflammation. [1-(4-Fluorophenyl)indol-5-yl]-[3-[4-(thiazole-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]azetidin-1-yl]methanone is presented in this report to be a novel, potent, selective, and reversible noncovalent MAGL inhibitor that demonstrates dose-dependent enhancement of the major endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol as well as efficacy in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.


Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Leucocitos Mononucleares/efectos de los fármacos , Monoacilglicerol Lipasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piperazinas/farmacología , Animales , Unión Competitiva , Encéfalo/enzimología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/sangre , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Escherichia coli/genética , Células HeLa , Humanos , Cinética , Leucocitos Mononucleares/enzimología , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Estructura Molecular , Monoacilglicerol Lipasas/genética , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Piperazinas/sangre , Unión Proteica , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/agonistas , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/agonistas , Sueño REM/efectos de los fármacos , Especificidad por Sustrato
4.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 30(12): 127198, 2020 06 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32334914

RESUMEN

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) has emerged as an attractive drug target because of its important role in regulating the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and its hydrolysis product arachidonic acid (AA) in the brain. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel series of diazetidinyl diamide compounds 6 and 10 as potent reversible MAGL inhibitors. In addition to demonstrating potent MAGL inhibitory activity in the enzyme assay, the thiazole substituted diazetidinyl diamides 6d-l and compounds 10 were also effective at increasing 2-AG levels in a brain 2-AG accumulation assay in homogenized rat brain. Furthermore, selected compounds have been shown to achieve good brain penetration after oral administration in an animal study.


Asunto(s)
Diamida/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Monoacilglicerol Lipasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Diamida/síntesis química , Diamida/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Monoacilglicerol Lipasas/metabolismo , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Distribución Tisular
5.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 30(14): 127243, 2020 07 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32527545

RESUMEN

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme that is primarily responsible for hydrolyzing the endocannabinoid 2-arachidononylglycerol (2-AG) to arachidonic acid (AA). It has emerged in recent years as a potential drug target for a number of diseases. Herein, we report the discovery of compound 6g from a series of azetidine-piperazine di-amide compounds as a potent, selective, and reversible inhibitor of MAGL. Oral administration of compound 6g increased 2-AG levels in rat brain and produced full efficacy in the rat complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) model of inflammatory pain.


Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Azetidinas/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Monoacilglicerol Lipasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Piperazinas/farmacología , Amidas/química , Azetidinas/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Monoacilglicerol Lipasas/metabolismo , Piperazinas/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad
6.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(21): 5346-5349, 2016 11 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27671496

RESUMEN

A series of potent and receptor-selective cannabinoid-1 (CB1) receptor inverse agonists has been discovered. Peripheral selectivity of the compounds was assessed by a mouse tissue distribution study, in which the concentrations of a test compound in both plasma and brain were measured. A number of peripherally selective compounds have been identified through this process. Compound 2p was further evaluated in a 3-week efficacy study in the diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. Beneficial effects on plasma glucose were observed from the compound-treated mice.


Asunto(s)
Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Indazoles/farmacología , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/agonistas , Animales , Indazoles/química , Indazoles/farmacocinética , Ratones , Receptor Cannabinoide CB2/agonistas
7.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(22): 5597-5601, 2016 11 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27671499

RESUMEN

Peripherally restricted CB1 receptor inverse agonists hold potential as useful therapeutics to treat obesity and related metabolic diseases without causing undesired CNS-mediated adverse effects. We identified a series of tetrahydropyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine derivatives as potent and highly peripherally selective CB1 receptor inverse agonists. This discovery was achieved by introducing polar functional groups into the molecule, which increase the topological polar surface area and reduce its brain-penetrating ability.


Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de Receptores de Cannabinoides/química , Antagonistas de Receptores de Cannabinoides/farmacología , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/farmacología , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor Cannabinoide CB1/metabolismo , Animales , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Antagonistas de Receptores de Cannabinoides/farmacocinética , Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/metabolismo , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Pirazoles/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacocinética , Distribución Tisular
9.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 24(23): 5502-6, 2014 Dec 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25455493

RESUMEN

Novel antibacterial fluoroquinolone agents bearing a 4-alkylidenylpiperidine 7-position substituent are active against quinolone-susceptible and quinolone-resistant gram-positive bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae and MRSA. Analogs 22b, 23c, and 24 demonstrated superior in vitro and in vivo efficacy to ciprofloxacin against these cocci.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Quinolonas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa/farmacología , Humanos
10.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 23(7): 2234-7, 2013 Apr 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23411075

RESUMEN

A series of arylglycine-based analogs was synthesized and tested for TRPM8 antagonism in a cell-based functional assay. Following structure-activity relationship studies in vitro, a number of compounds were identified as potent TRPM8 antagonists and were subsequently evaluated in an in vivo pharmacodynamic assay of icilin-induced 'wet-dog' shaking in which compound 12 was fully effective. TRPM8 antagonists of the type described here may be useful in treating pain conditions wherein cold hypersensitivity is a dominant feature.


Asunto(s)
Glicina/farmacología , Canales Catiónicos TRPM/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/química , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Pirimidinonas/farmacología , Ratas , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Canales Catiónicos TRPM/agonistas
11.
Nat Med ; 12(1): 83-8, 2006 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16369542

RESUMEN

Antimicrobial-modifying resistance enzymes have traditionally been class specific, having coevolved with the antibiotics they inactivate. Fluoroquinolones, antimicrobial agents used extensively in medicine and agriculture, are synthetic and have been considered safe from naturally occurring antimicrobial-modifying enzymes. We describe reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in clinical bacterial isolates conferred by a variant of the gene encoding aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib. This enzyme reduces the activity of ciprofloxacin by N-acetylation at the amino nitrogen on its piperazinyl substituent. Although approximately 30 variants of this gene have been reported since 1986, the two base-pair changes responsible for the ciprofloxacin modification phenotype are unique to this variant, first reported in 2003 and now widely disseminated. An intense increase in the medical use of ciprofloxacin seems to have been accompanied by a notable development: a single-function resistance enzyme has crossed class boundaries, and is now capable of enzymatically undermining two unrelated antimicrobial agents, one of them fully synthetic.


Asunto(s)
Acetiltransferasas/química , Acetiltransferasas/genética , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Enzimas/química , Escherichia coli/genética , Fluoroquinolonas/química , Acetilación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Clonación Molecular , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Técnicas Genéticas , Variación Genética , Cinética , Modelos Químicos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis Sitio-Dirigida , Mutación , Nitrógeno/química , Fenotipo , Plásmidos/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Factores de Tiempo
12.
ACS Med Chem Lett ; 13(1): 111-117, 2022 Jan 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35059130

RESUMEN

A novel series of 7-alkylidenyltetrahydroindazole-based acylsulfonamides were discovered as potent EP3 antagonists. The initial lead compound 7 exhibited potent in vitro EP3 inhibitory activity and good selectivity against other EP receptors. In addition, compound 7 demonstrated in vivo activity in a rat ivGTT model, reversing the suppressive effect of the EP3-specific agonist sulprostone on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Further optimization to improve the pharmacokinetic profile led to the discovery of compounds 26 and 28 with potent in vitro activity and significantly lower in vivo clearance and higher oral exposure than compound 7.

13.
Eur J Med Chem ; 236: 114330, 2022 Jun 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35436670

RESUMEN

Pramlintide is an equipotent amylin analogue that reduces food intake and body weight in obese subjects and has been clinically approved as an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of adult diabetic patients. However, due to its extremely short half-life in vivo, a regimen of multiple daily administrations is required for achieving clinical effectiveness. Herein is described the development of prototypical long-acting pramlintide bioconjugates, in which pramlintide's disulfide-linked macrocycle was replaced by a cyclic thioether motif. This modification enabled stable chemical conjugation to a half-life extending antibody. In contrast to pramlintide (t1/2 < 0.75 h), bioconjugates 35 and 38 have terminal half-lives of ∼2 days in mice and attain significant exposure levels that are maintained up to 7 days. Single dose subcutaneous administration of 35 in lean mice, given 18-20 h prior to oral acetaminophen (AAP) administration, significantly reduced gastric emptying (as determined by plasma AAP levels). In a separate study, similar administration of 35 in fasted lean mice effected a reduction in food intake for up to 48 h. These data are consistent with durable amylinomimetic responses and provide the basis for further development of such long-acting amylinomimetic conjugates for the potential treatment of obesity and associated pathologies.


Asunto(s)
Agonistas de los Receptores de Amilina , Agonistas de los Receptores de Amilina/farmacología , Agonistas de los Receptores de Amilina/uso terapéutico , Amiloide , Animales , Peso Corporal , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/uso terapéutico , Polipéptido Amiloide de los Islotes Pancreáticos/farmacología , Ratones , Obesidad/inducido químicamente , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico
14.
J Med Chem ; 65(15): 10419-10440, 2022 08 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35862732

RESUMEN

Activated factor XI (FXIa) inhibitors are promising novel anticoagulants with low bleeding risk compared with current anticoagulants. The discovery of potent FXIa inhibitors with good oral bioavailability has been challenging. Herein, we describe our discovery effort, utilizing nonclassical interactions to improve potency, cellular permeability, and oral bioavailability by enhancing the binding while reducing polar atoms. Beginning with literature-inspired pyridine N-oxide-based FXIa inhibitor 1, the imidazole linker was first replaced with a pyrazole moiety to establish a polar C-H···water hydrogen-bonding interaction. Then, structure-based drug design was employed to modify lead molecule 2d in the P1' and P2' regions, with substituents interacting with key residues through various nonclassical interactions. As a result, a potent FXIa inhibitor 3f (Ki = 0.17 nM) was discovered. This compound demonstrated oral bioavailability in preclinical species (rat 36.4%, dog 80.5%, and monkey 43.0%) and displayed a dose-dependent antithrombotic effect in a rabbit arteriovenous shunt model of thrombosis.


Asunto(s)
Factor XIa , Piridinas , Animales , Anticoagulantes/química , Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Perros , Diseño de Fármacos , Factor XIa/metabolismo , Piridinas/farmacología , Conejos , Ratas
15.
ACS Med Chem Lett ; 12(3): 451-458, 2021 Mar 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33738072

RESUMEN

A novel series of pyridones were discovered as potent EP3 antagonists. Optimization guided by EP3 binding and functional assays as well as by eADME and PK profiling led to multiple compounds with good physical properties, excellent oral bioavailability, and a clean in vitro safety profile. Compound 13 was identified as a lead compound as evidenced by the reversal of sulprostone-induced suppression of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS 1E ß-cells in vitro and in a rat ivGTT model in vivo. A glutathione adduction liability was eliminated by replacing the naphthalene of structure 13 with the indazole ring of structure 43.

16.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 54(5): 1955-64, 2010 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20176911

RESUMEN

JNJ-Q2, a novel fluorinated 4-quinolone, was evaluated for its antibacterial potency by broth and agar microdilution MIC methods in studies focused on skin and respiratory tract pathogens, including strains exhibiting contemporary fluoroquinolone resistance phenotypes. Against a set of 118 recent clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including fluoroquinolone-resistant variants bearing multiple DNA topoisomerase target mutations, an MIC(90) value for JNJ-Q2 of 0.12 microg/ml was determined, indicating that it was 32-fold more potent than moxifloxacin. Against a collection of 345 recently collected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, including 256 ciprofloxacin-resistant strains, the JNJ-Q2 MIC(90) value was 0.25 microg/ml, similarly indicating that it was 32-fold more potent than moxifloxacin. The activities of JNJ-Q2 against Gram-negative pathogens were generally comparable to those of moxifloxacin. In further studies, JNJ-Q2 exhibited bactericidal activities at 2x and 4x MIC levels against clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae and MRSA with various fluoroquinolone susceptibilities, and its activities were enhanced over those of moxifloxacin. In these studies, the activity exhibited against strains bearing gyrA, parC, or gyrA plus parC mutations was indicative of the relatively balanced (equipotent) activity of JNJ-Q2 against the DNA topoisomerase target enzymes. Finally, determination of the relative rates or frequencies of the spontaneous development of resistance to JNJ-Q2 at 2x and 4x MICs in S. pneumoniae, MRSA, and Escherichia coli were indicative of a lower potential for resistance development than that for current fluoroquinolones. In conclusion, JNJ-Q2 exhibits a range of antibacterial activities in vitro that is supportive of its further evaluation as a potential new agent for the treatment of skin and respiratory tract infections.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Fluoroquinolonas/farmacología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Fluoroquinolonas/química
17.
Expert Opin Ther Pat ; 30(10): 729-742, 2020 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32799609

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: G protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is a Gαq coupled GPCR specifically activated by long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). Functionally, it has been identified as a member of a family of lipid-binding free fatty acid receptors including GPR40, GPR41, and GPR43. Upon stimulation by LCFAs, GPR120 can directly or indirectly modulate hormone secretion from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, and regulate lipid and/or glucose metabolism in adipose, liver, and muscle tissues. Additionally, GPR120 is postulated to mediate anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects in adipose and macrophages. These benefits suggest that GPR120 agonists have the potential to be an effective treatment for obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and other metabolic syndromes. AREA COVERED: This article highlights and reviews research advances in this field that have been published in patent literature and peer-reviewed journals since 2014. EXPERT OPINION: Current development has been hindered by species differences in GPR120 distribution, differences in GPR120-mediated signaling in distinct tissue types, and lack of available ligands with suitable selectivity for GPR120 over GPR40 in both human and rodents. The discovery of ß-arrestin biased GPR120 agonists will help elucidate the potential of selective therapeutics that may discriminate between desirable and undesirable pharmacological effects. ABBREVIATIONS: ALA: α-linolenic acid; AUC: area under the curve; BRET: bioluminescence resonance energy transfer; CCK: cholecystokinin; CHO-K1 cell: Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cell; db/db mouse: diabetic mouse; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DIO: diet-induced obesity; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DPP-4: dipeptidyl peptidase 4; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; FA(s): fatty acid(s); FFA(s): free fatty acid(s); FFAR: free fatty acid receptor; FLIPR: fluorescent imaging plate reader; GIR: glucose infusion rate; GLP-1: glucagon-like peptide 1; GP(C)R: G protein-coupled receptor; GSIS: glucose-stimulated insulin secretion; HEK293 cell: human embryonic kidney 293 cell; HOMA-IR: homeostatic measurement assessment of insulin resistance; IP1: inositol phosphate turnover; IPGTT: intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; LCFA(s): long-chain fatty acid(s); MEDmax: maximal efficacy; MIN6 cell: mouse insulin-secreting cell; NPY: neuropeptide Y; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; pERK: phosphorylated ERK; PPAR: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor; QD: once daily; SAR: structure-activity relationship; siRNA: small interfering ribonucleic acid; STC-1: intestinal secretin tumor cell; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; U2OS cell: human bone osteosarcoma epithelial cell; uHTS: ultrahigh-throughput screening; ZDF: zucker diabetic fatty.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/agonistas , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Patentes como Asunto , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Especificidad de la Especie , beta-Arrestinas/metabolismo
18.
ACS Med Chem Lett ; 11(12): 2504-2509, 2020 Dec 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33335674

RESUMEN

The 6-benzhydryl-4-amino-quinolin-2-ones are peripherally restricted CB1 receptor inverse agonists (CB1RIAs) that have been reported to attenuate obesity and improve insulin sensitivity in the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. However, chronic dosing of select compounds from the series showed time-dependent brain accumulation despite a low brain/plasma exposure ratio. To address this issue, a PEGylation approach was employed to identify a novel series of homodimeric 6-benzhydryl-4-amino-quinazoline-PEG conjugates with an extended half-life. The lead compound 18 engaged peripheral CB1Rs in a gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility study and demonstrated a high level of peripheral restriction in a chronic DIO mouse pharmacokinetic study.

19.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 53(5): 2028-33, 2009 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19273686

RESUMEN

RWJ-416457 is an investigational pyrrolopyrazolyl-substituted oxazolidinone with activity against antibiotic-susceptible and -resistant gram-positive pathogens. Efficacies of RWJ-416457, linezolid, and vancomycin against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) in murine skin and systemic infections were compared, as were efficacies against Streptococcus pneumoniae in a lower respiratory infection. In staphylococcal systemic infections, RWJ-416457 was equipotent with to twofold more potent than linezolid, with 50% effective dose values ranging from 1.5 to 5 mg/kg of body weight/day. RWJ-416457 was two- to fourfold less potent than vancomycin against MSSA but up to fourfold more potent than vancomycin against CA-MRSA. In MSSA and CA-MRSA skin infections, RWJ-416457 demonstrated an efficacy similar to that of linezolid, reducing CFU/g skin approximately 1.0 log(10) at all doses tested; vancomycin yielded greater reductions than the oxazolidinones, with decreases in CFU/g skin of 3 log(10) (MSSA) and 2 log(10) (CA-MRSA). In the pneumococcal model, RWJ-416457 was two- to fourfold more potent than linezolid. The free-drug area under the concentration-time curves at 24 h (fAUC(24)) were similar for RWJ-416457 and linezolid. The half-life of RWJ-416457 was up to threefold longer than that of linezolid for all routes of administration. The fAUC(24)/MIC ratio, the pharmacodynamic parameter considered predictive of oxazolidinone efficacy, was approximately twofold greater for RWJ-416457 than for linezolid. Since the fAUC values were similar for both compounds, the higher fAUC/MIC ratios of RWJ-416457 appear to result from its greater in vitro potency. These results demonstrate that RWJ-416457 is a promising new oxazolidinone with efficacy in S. aureus or S. pneumoniae mouse infection models.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Oxazolidinonas/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Neumocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Acetamidas/administración & dosificación , Acetamidas/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Linezolid , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Oxazolidinonas/administración & dosificación , Oxazolidinonas/farmacocinética , Oxazolidinonas/farmacología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Neumocócicas/mortalidad , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/mortalidad , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/mortalidad , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vancomicina/administración & dosificación , Vancomicina/uso terapéutico
20.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 53(8): 3240-7, 2009 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19470511

RESUMEN

MurF catalyzes the last cytoplasmic step of bacterial cell wall synthesis and is essential for bacterial survival. Our previous studies used a pharmacophore model of a MurF inhibitor to identify additional inhibitors with improved properties. We now present the characterization of two such inhibitors, the diarylquinolines DQ1 and DQ2. DQ1 inhibited Escherichia coli MurF (50% inhibitory concentration, 24 microM) and had modest activity (MICs, 8 to 16 microg/ml) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-defective E. coli and wild-type E. coli rendered permeable with polymyxin B nonapeptide. DQ2 additionally displayed activity against gram-positive bacteria (MICs, 8 to 16 microg/ml), including methicillin (meticillin)-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and vancomycin-susceptible and -resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates. Treatment of LPS-defective E. coli cells with >or=2x MIC of DQ1 resulted in a 75-fold-greater accumulation of the MurF substrate compared to the control, a 70% decline in the amount of the MurF product, and eventual cell lysis, consistent with the inhibition of MurF within bacteria. DQ2 treatment of S. aureus resulted in similar effects on the MurF substrate and product quantities. At lower levels of DQ1 (

Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Péptido Sintasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Quinolinas/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Enterococcus faecalis/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Péptido Sintasas/genética , Péptido Sintasas/fisiología , Quinolinas/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos
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