[Prevalence Of Tooth Decay In Children From Age 3 To 14 At The Department Of Odontology Of Militairy Hopital Of Bamako (IHB) In Mali]. / Prevalence De La Carie Dentaire Chez Les Enfants De 3 A 14 Ans Dans Le Service D'Odontologie De L'Infirmerie Hopital Militaire De Bamako (IHB) Au Mali.

This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study lasting 8 months from 20 January to 20 September 2013, carried out in the Department of Dentistry of the Bamako IHB Military Hospital. Thus, out of 263 children surveyed, 178 cases of tooth decay were recorded, ie 67.68%. Females accounted for 97 cases or 54.49% with a sex ratio of 1.2; the 3- to 6-year age group accounted for 72 cases, or 40.45%. School children accounted for 85.39% of cases. The children who brushed represent 168 cases or 94.38%. Those who brushed once were the most represented with 145 cases or 86.30%. Almost all patients had consulted for swelling and pain. The group of lower right and left lower temporal molars were the most represented with respectively 24.71% and 28.09%. Temporary teeth were 103 (71.0%) were mainly the most affected. Stage 3 caries known as pulp according to the classification of early childhood caries represented 145 cases, ie 81.46%. The lower jaw represented 142 cases, ie 77.76%. Oral health plays an important role in children to maintain oral functions. It is necessary for eating, developing speech and a positive self-image. It is therefore time to focus on education campaigns, information for behavioral change in oral hygiene and the use of anti-caries adjuvants in children.

Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale, descriptive d'une durée de 8 mois allant du 20 Janvier au 20 Septembre 2013 réalisée dans le service d'Odontologie de l'Infirmerie Hôpital Militaire de Bamako IHB. Ainsi, Sur 263 enfants enquêtés 178 cas de carie dentaire ont été recensés soit une prévalence de67,68 %. Le sexe féminin a représenté 97 cas soit 54,49 % avec un sexe ratio de 1,2. La tranche d'âge de 3 à 6 ans a représenté 72 cas soit 40,45 %.Les enfants scolarisés ont représenté 85,39 % des cas. Les enfants qui se brossaient représentent 168 cas soit 94,38 %. Ceux qui se brossaient une fois ont été les plus représentés avec 145 cas soit 86,30%. La quasi-totalité des patients avaient consulté pour tuméfaction et douleur.Le groupe des molaires temporaires inferieures droite et gauche ont été les plus représentées avec respectivement 24,71% et 28,09 %.Les dents temporaires soient 103 (71,0%) ont été principalement les plus affectées. La carie du stade 3 dite pulpaire selon la classification de la carie de la petite enfance a représenté 145 cas soit 81,46 %. Le maxillaire inferieur a représenté 142 cas soit 77,76%.La santé bucco-dentaire joue un rôle important chez les enfants pour maintenir les fonctions orales. Elle est nécessaire pour manger, développer la parole et une auto-image positive. Il est donc temps de mettre l'accent sur les campagnes d'éducation, information pour un changement de comportement face à l'hygiène bucco-dentaire et à l'utilisation des adjuvants anti carieux chez les enfants.

Risk in a national malaria control programme in Mali: underdosage of antimalarials.

In order to be able to start malaria control activities based on the systematic treatment of episodes of fever in the context of a primary health care programme in the Sélingué dam area, it was necessary to determine the sensibility of P. falciparum to chloroquine given at 25 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. The WHO 7-day test was adopted and administered to schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years. Out of a total of 259 children screened, the parasitological examination of the thick blood film revealed the presence of hematozoids in 107 children (i.e. a parasite index of 41.3%). Of the 107,59 had parasitaemia appropriate for the in vivo test, but only 43 could be observed till the end of the 7-day test period. The results of the in vivo study indicated a single case where no elimination of the parasites was observed until day 6. The remaining 42 cases became negative between day 3 and day 4. The mean elimination time for the parasite in our study was 3.6 days. The prolonged parasite clearance rate was explained by the fact that the chloroquine tablets contained only 65% of the declared contents of chloroquine base.

Trials on focal molluscicide application in larger irrigation canals and lakes in Mali.

Schistosomiasis transmission in some irrigation schemes in Mali, appears to be very focal, and mainly occurs in human water contact sites close to villages. On this background, a strategy of focal snail control based on application of molluscicide to such sites only, was to be implemented in these areas. However, transmission often occurs in larger canals and lakes, and in these habitats focal snail control is obviously very difficult. This paper deals with experiments carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of focal application of 70% Bayluscide wettable powder in such habitats. Bayluscide was applied in two different ways depending on snail distribution within the sites. When snails were found in marginal vegetation, 2-3 ppm was applied along the shore (to various distances from the shore) from 10-40 m upstream from the water contact sites to 10 m downstream. In case snails were found in low submerged vegetation, which was very common in these habitats, the chemical was applied at 2-4 g (a.i.)/m2 directly between the plants. The results indicate that a satisfactory snail-kill can be achieved in the target area by this method of Bayluscide application. However, the method requires a thorough surveillance for snails and due supervision of the application. The time spacing of applications should probably be 4-6 weeks, but special situations may necessitate more frequent applications.

[Current aspects of malarial chemoresistance of subjects autochthonous in the OCCGE countries (West Africa)]. / Point actuel sur la chimiorésistance du paludisme des sujets autochtones dans les états de l'OCCGE (Afrique de l'Ouest).

Within the context of the monitoring of malaria drug resistance in the countries of the OCCGE, a workshop has been organized in order to sum up the surveys carried out by the national teams. For active or passive monitoring mainly the in vivo tests have been used. The native population, mainly school children, was studied. Chloroquine resistance was detected in 1987 in Benin, and in the same year in Togo and Côte d'Ivoire. During 1988 it appeared in Senegal and Burkina Faso, in 1989 in Niger and in 1990 in Mali. Only Mauritania is as yet free of resistance. The main features of this resistance are described. It is above all parasitological and on average its rate is less than 30%.