Squeeze Film Effect in Surface Micromachined Nano Ultrasonic Sensor for Different Diaphragm Displacement Profiles.

In the present paper, we have analytically explored the small variations of the local pressure in the trapped air film of both sides of the clamped circular capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT), which consists of a thin movable membrane of silicon nitride (Si3N4). This time-independent pressure profile has been investigated thoroughly by solving the associated linear Reynold's equation in the framework of three analytical models, viz. membrane model, plate model, and non-local plate model. The solution involves Bessel functions of the first kind. The Landau-Lifschitz fringing technique has been assimilated to engrave the edge effects in estimation of the capacitance of CMUT, which should be considered in the micrometer or lesser dimension. To divulge the dimension-based efficacy of the considered analytical models, various statistical methods have been employed. Our use of contour plots of absolute quadratic deviation revealed a very satisfactory solution in this direction. Though the analytical expression of the pressure profile is very cumbersome in various models, the analysis of these outputs exhibits that the pressure profile follows the displacement profile in all the cases indicating no viscous damping. A finite element model (FEM) has been used to validate the systematic analyses of displacement profiles for several radii and thicknesses of the CMUT's diaphragm. The FEM result is further corroborated by published experimental results bearing excellent outcome.

Doping-Induced Anisotropic Self-Assembly of Silver Icosahedra in [Pt2Ag23Cl7(PPh3)10] Nanoclusters.

Atomically precise self-assembled architectures of noble metals with unique surface structures are necessary for prospective applications. However, the synthesis of such structures based on silver is challenging because of their instability. In this work, by developing a selective and controlled doping strategy, we synthesized and characterized a rod-shaped, charge-neutral, diplatinum-doped Ag nanocluster (NC) of [Pt2Ag23Cl7(PPh3)10]. Its crystal structure revealed the self-assembly of two Pt-centered Ag icosahedra through vertex sharing. Five bridging and two terminal chlorides and 10 PPh3 ligands were found to stabilize the cluster. Electronic structure simulations corroborated structural and optical characterization of the cluster and provided insights into the effect of the Pt dopants on the optical properties and stability of the cluster. Our study will open new avenues for designing novel self-assembled NCs using different elemental dopants.

SOMC-Designed Silica Supported Tungsten Oxo Imidazolin-2-iminato Methyl Precatalyst for Olefin Metathesis Reactions.

Synthesis, structure, and olefin metathesis activity of a surface complex [(≡Si-O-)W(═O)(CH3)2-ImDippN] (4) (ImDipp = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolin-2-iminato) supported on silica by a surface organometallic chemistry (SOMC) approach are reported. The reaction of N-silylated 2-iminoimidazoline with tungsten(VI) oxytetrachloride generated the tungsten oxo imidazolin-2-iminato chloride complex [ImDippNW(═O)Cl3] (2). This was grafted on partially dehydroxylated silica pretreated at 700 °C (SiO2-700) to afford a well-defined monopodal surface complex [(≡Si-O-)W(═O)Cl2-ImDippN] (3). 3 underwent alkylation by ZnMe2 to produce [(≡Si-O-)W(═O)(CH3)2-ImDippN] (4). The alkylated surface complex was thoroughly characterized by solid-state NMR, elemental microanalysis, Raman, FT-IR spectroscopies, and XAS analysis. 4 proved to be an active precatalyst for self-metathesis of terminal olefins such as propylene and 1-hexene.

Determination of trace and heavy metals in some commonly used medicinal herbs in Ayurveda.

Traditionally, the herbal drugs are well established for their therapeutic benefits. Depending upon their geographical sources sometimes the trace and heavy metals' content may differ, which may lead to severe toxicity. So, the toxicological and safety assessment of these herbal drugs are one of the major issues in recent days. Eight different plant species including Aloe vera, Centella asiatica, Calendula officinalis, Cucumis sativus, Camellia sinensis, Clitoria ternatea, Piper betel and Tagetes erecta were selected to determine their heavy and trace metals content and thereby to assure their safer therapeutic application. The trace and heavy metals were detected through atomic absorption spectrometry analysis. The selected medicinal plant materials were collected from the local cultivated regions of West Bengal, India, and were digested with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid as specified. Absorbance was measured through atomic absorption spectrometer (AA 303) and the concentration of different trace and heavy metals in the plant samples were calculated. The quantitative determinations were carried out using standard calibration curve obtained by the standard solutions of different metals. The contents of heavy metals were found to be within the prescribed limit. Other trace metals were found to be present in significant amount. Thus, on the basis of experimental outcome, it can be concluded that the plant materials collected from the specific region are safe and may not produce any harmful effect of metal toxicity during their therapeutic application. The investigated medicinal plants contain trace metals such as copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) as well as heavy metals such as arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg), which were present within the permissible limit.

Tuning Pd-to-Ag Ratio to Enhance the Synergistic Activity of Fly Ash-Supported PdxAgy Bimetallic Nanoparticles.

Fly ash (FA)-supported bimetallic nanoparticles (PdxAgy/FA) with varying Pd:Ag ratios were prepared by coprecipitation of Pd and Ag involving in situ reduction of Pd(II) and Ag(I) salts in aqueous medium. All the supported nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized with the aid of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electron microscopy (field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)), and elemental analyses, which include inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). A gradual broadening and shifting of PXRD peaks, ascribable to Ag, to higher angles with an increase in the Pd:Ag ratio affirms the alloying of interface between Pd and Ag nanoparticles. The coexistence of Pd and Ag was further confirmed by EDS elemental mapping as well as by the presence of bimetallic lattices on the FA surface, as evident from the high-resolution TEM analysis. The dependency of crystallite size and average size of bimetallic nanoparticles on Ag loading (mol %) was elucidated with the help of a combination of PXRD and TEM studies. Based on XPS analysis, the charge transfer phenomenon between contacting Pd-Ag sites could be evident from the shifting of 3d core electron binding energy for both Pd and Ag compared with monometallic Pd and Ag nanoparticles. Following a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, all the nanocatalysts were able to efficiently reduce 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol in aqueous NaBH4. The superior catalytic performance of the bimetallic nanocatalysts (PdxAgy/FA) over their monometallic (Pd100/FA and Ag100/FA) analogues has been demonstrated. Moreover, the tunable synergistic effect of the bimetallic systems has been explored in detail by varying the Pd:Ag mol ratio in a systematic manner which in turn allowed us to achieve an optimum reaction rate (k = 1.050 min-1) for the nitrophenol reduction using a Pd25Ag75/FA system. Most importantly, all the bimetallic nanocatalysts explored here exhibited excellent normalized rate constants (K ≈ 6000-15,000 min-1 mmol-1) compared with other supported bimetallic Pd-Ag nanocatalysts reported in the literature.

Matrix metalloproteinase, hyaluronidase and elastase inhibitory potential of standardized extract of Centella asiatica.

CONTEXT: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban (Apiaceae), a valuable herb described in Ayurveda, is used in the indigenous system of medicine as a tonic to treat skin diseases. OBJECTIVE: Centella asiatica methanol extract and its ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fraction, were subjected for the evaluation of skin care potential through the in vitro hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitory assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The C. asiatica plant was extracted with methanol and fractionated with ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The enzymatic activities were evaluated using ursolic acid and oleanolic acid as standards. Isolate molecule asiaticoside was quantified in the crude extract and fractions through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and structural was characterized by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Isolated compound was also evaluated for in vitro enzyme assays. RESULTS: Extract exhibited anti-hyaluronidase and anti-elastase activity with IC50 of 19.27 ± 0.37 and 14.54 ± 0.39 µg/mL, respectively, as compared to ursolic acid. Centella asiatica n-butanol fraction (CAnB) and isolated compound showed significant hyaluronidase (IC50 = 27.00 ± 0.43 and 18.63 ± 0.33 µg/mL) and elastase (IC50 = 29.15 ± 0.31 and 19.45 ± 0.25 µg/mL) inhibitory activities, respectively, and also showed significant MMP-1 inhibition (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: n-Butanol fraction was found to be most effective among the all fractions from which asiaticoside was isolated and further quantified by HPLC. This work concludes that the asiaticoside from C. asiatica may be a prospective agent for skin care.

Fly ash supported Pd-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles exhibiting a synergistic catalytic effect for the reduction of nitrophenol.

Coal fly ash (FA) supported Pd-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles (FA-Pd-Ag) were prepared by reducing Pd(II) and Ag(I) salts together onto the dispersed solid support in aqueous medium. Electron microscope analysis (FE-SEM, HRTEM) in combination with elemental mapping (EDS) suggests that the nanoparticles are well dispersed on fly ash with an average diameter of 6-8 nm. The powder XRD analysis indicates that alloying of the interface occurs between Pd and Ag nanoparticles in FA-Pd-Ag, while XPS reveals that charge transfer takes place between the Pd and Ag moieties that come into contact with each other. The FA-Pd-Ag in aqueous NaBH4 solution exhibits an efficient catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol into 4-aminophenol and follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics (kPd-Ag = 0.7176 min-1). The higher rate constant for FA-Pd-Ag compared to that for their monometallic analogues (FA-Pd (kPd = 0.5449 min-1)) and (FA-Ag (kAg = 0.5572 min-1)) as well as their physical mixture ((FA-Pd + FA-Ag) (kPd+Ag = 0.4075 min-1)) suggests the synergistic catalytic effect of the bimetallic system. Moreover, the present bimetallic nanocatalyst exhibits the highest normalized rate constant (KPd-Ag ≈ 51 100 min-1 mmol-1) compared to the reported bimetallic Pd-Ag nanocatalysts.

Clean chlorination of silica surfaces by a single-site substitution approach.

A chlorination method for the selective substitution of well-defined isolated silanol groups of the silica surface has been developed using the catalytic Appel reaction. Spectroscopic analysis, complemented by elemental microanalysis studies, reveals that a quantitative chlorination could be achieved with highly dehydroxylated silica materials that exclusively possess non-hydrogen bonded silanol groups. The employed method did not leave any carbon or phosphorus residue on the silica surface and can be regarded as a promising tool for the future functionalization of metal oxide surfaces.

Characterization of covalent linkages in organically functionalized MCM-41 mesoporous materials by solid-state NMR and theoretical calculations.

The covalent linkages formed during functionalization of MCM-41 mesoporous molecular sieves with five chloroalkylsilanes ((EtO)3Si(CH2Cl), (MeO)3Si(CH2CH2CH2Cl), Cl3Si(CH2CH2CH3), Cl2Si(CH3)(CH2Cl) and Cl2Si(CH3)2) have been investigated using high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. Structural information was obtained from 1H-13C and 1H-29Si heteronuclear (HETCOR) NMR spectra, in which high resolution in the 1H dimension was obtained by using fast MAS. The 1H-13C HETCOR results provided the assignments of 1H and 13C resonances associated with the surface functional groups. Sensitivity-enhanced 1H-29Si HETCOR spectra, acquired using Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill refocusing during data acquisition, revealed the identity of 29Si sites (Qn, Tn, and Dn) and the location of functional groups relative to these sites. Optimal geometries of local environments representing the Qn, Tn and Dn resonances were calculated using molecular mechanics and ab initio methods. Subsequently, DFT calculations of 29Si, 13C, and 1H chemical shifts were performed using Gaussian 03 at the B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) level. The theoretical calculations are in excellent accord with the experimental chemical shifts. This work illustrates that state-of-the-art spectroscopic and theoretical tools can be used jointly to refine the complex structures of inorganic-organic hybrid materials.

Preparation and catalytic performance of a molecularly imprinted Pd complex catalyst for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.

A SiO2-supported molecularly imprinted Pd complex with SiO2-matrix overlayers was prepared as a Suzuki cross-coupling catalyst. A ligand on the supported Pd complex was used as a molecular imprinting template to create the reaction space. The structures of the supported and molecularly imprinted Pd complexes on SiO2 were determined by solid-state MAS 13C, 29Si, and 31P NMR; diffuse reflectance UV/vis; XPS; and Pd K-edge XAFS. The catalytic performance of the molecularly imprinted Pd complex catalyst was very different for various combinations of aryl iodides and arylboronic acids. Reactants with bulky substituent groups were hindered on the imprinted catalyst in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.

Controlling the hydrogenolysis of silica-supported tungsten pentamethyl leads to a class of highly electron deficient partially alkylated metal hydrides.

The well-defined single-site silica-supported tungsten complex [([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-O-)W(Me)5], 1, is an excellent precatalyst for alkane metathesis. The unique structure of 1 allows the synthesis of unprecedented tungsten hydrido methyl surface complexes via a controlled hydrogenolysis. Specifically, in the presence of molecular hydrogen, 1 is quickly transformed at -78 °C into a partially alkylated tungsten hydride, 4, as characterized by 1H solid-state NMR and IR spectroscopies. Species 4, upon warming to 150 °C, displays the highest catalytic activity for propane metathesis yet reported. DFT calculations using model systems support the formation of [([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-O-)WH3(Me)2], as the predominant species at -78 °C following several elementary steps of hydrogen addition (by σ-bond metathesis or α-hydrogen transfer). Rearrangement of 4 occuring between -78 °C and room temperature leads to the formation of an unique methylidene tungsten hydride [([triple bond, length as m-dash]Si-O-)WH3([double bond, length as m-dash]CH2)], as determined by solid-state 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies and supported by DFT. Thus for the first time, a coordination sphere that incorporates both carbene and hydride functionalities has been observed.

Facile tandem Suzuki coupling/transfer hydrogenation reaction with a bis-heteroscorpionate Pd-Ru complex.

Design and synthesis of the bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane based bis-heteroscorpionate Pd-Ru complex results in efficient tandem Suzuki coupling/transfer hydrogenation reaction with a broad range of substrate reactivity.

Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family like melon, squash and pumpkins. It is a popular vegetable crop used in Indian traditional medicine since ancient times. This vegetable is very high in water content and very low in calories. It has potential antidiabetic, lipid lowering and antioxidant activity. Cucumber has a cleansing action within the body by removing accumulated pockets of old waste materials and chemical toxins. Fresh fruit juice is used for nourishing the skin. It gives a soothing effect against skin irritations and reduces swelling. Cucumber also has the power to relax and alleviate the sunburn's pain. The fruit is refrigerant, haemostatic, tonic and useful in hyperdipsia, thermoplegia etc. The seeds also have a cooling effect on the body and they are used to prevent constipation. Several bioactive compounds have been isolated from cucumber including cucurbitacins, cucumegastigmanes I and II, cucumerin A and B, vitexin, orientin, isoscoparin 2″-O-(6‴-(E)-p-coumaroyl) glucoside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-p-coumaroylglucoside) etc. Despite huge exploration of cucumber in agricultural field, comparatively very few studies have been published about its chemical profile and its therapeutic potential. This article reviews the therapeutic application, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of different parts of C. sativus. In this review we have explored the current phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge available with this well known plant and several promising aspects for research on cucumber.

A validated RP-HPLC-UV method for quantitative determination of puerarin in Pueraria tuberosa DC tuber extract.

BACKGROUND: Pueraria tuberosa (Fabaceae) is a well-known medicinal herbs used in Indian traditional medicines. The puerarin is one of the most important bioactive constituent found in the tubers of this plant. Quantitative estimation of bioactive molecules is essential for the purpose of quality control and dose determination of herbal medicines. The study was designed to develop a validated reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantification of puerarin in the tuber extract of P. tuberosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The RP-HPLC system with Luna C18 (2) 100 Å, 250 × 4.6 mm column was used in this study. The analysis was performed using the mobile phase: 0.1% acetic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% acetic acid in water (90:10, v/v) under column temperature 25°C. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The method validation was performed according to the guidelines of International Conference on Harmonization. RESULTS: The puerarin content of P. tuberosa extract was found to be 9.28 ±0.09%. The calibration curve showed good linearity relationship in the range of 200-1000µg/ml (r (2)>0.99). The LOD and LOQ were 57.12 and 181.26µg/ml, respectively and the average recovery of puerarin was 99.73% ±1.02%. The evaluation of system suitability, precision, robustness and ruggedness parameters were also found to produce satisfactory results. CONCLUSIONS: The developed method is very simple and rapid with excellent specificity, accuracy and precision which can be useful for the routine analysis and quantitative estimation of puerarin in plant extracts and formulations.

Simultaneous estimation of hydroxychavicol and chlorogenic acid from Piper betel L. through RP-HPLC.

A RP-HPLC method was developed (λ (max) =280) to quantify hydroxychavicol and chlorogenic acid in Piper betel Linn. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection (LOD=3:1σ/S), limit of quantification (LOQ=10:1σ/S), precision, accuracy and ruggedness. The response was linear with good correlation between concentration and mean peak area through a coefficient of determinants (r (2)) of 0.9940, y=1.98e +004x +5.19e +004 and 0.9945, y=2.76e+004x+1.40e+005 with LOD 1.6 µg mL(-1), 1.0 µg mL(-1) and LOQ 5.0 µg mL(-1) and 3.0 µg mL(-1), respectively, for hydroxychavicol (28.56% w/w) and chlorogenic acid (0.40% w/w). The %RSD of precision and recovery of hydroxychavicol and chlorogenic acid were <2.0%. The proposed method was simple, accurate, specific, precise and reproducible.

Standardized Clitoria ternatea leaf extract as hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix-metalloproteinase-1 inhibitor.

AIM: Plant Clitoria ternatea L. is claimed to possess a wide range of activities including antiinflammatory, local anesthetic and antidiabetic effect, etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of standardized C. ternatea leaf extract in terms of different enzymatic models, which are mostly associated with skin wound. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The methanol extract and fractions were screened for its hyaluronidase, elastase, and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) inhibitory activity compared with standard oleanolic acid. The activity was rationalized through reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) standardization of the extract and fractions with respect to its isolated biomarker taraxerol (yield 5.27% w/w). RESULTS: The extract showed significant (P < 0.001) hyaluronidase (IC(50) 18.08 ± 0.46 µg/ ml) and MMP-1 (P < 0.05) inhibition, but the elastase inhibition was insignificant (IC(50) 42.68 ± 0.46 µg/ml). Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of hyaluronidase (IC(50) 28.01 ± 0.48 µg/ml) and MMP-1 (P < 0.01). The HPLC analysis revealed that the extract and the ethyl acetate fraction are enriched with taraxerol (5.32% w/w and 4.55% w/w, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The experiment validated the traditional uses of C. ternatea and may be recommended for use in the treatment of different types of skin wounds, where taraxerol may be a responsible biomarker.

Sulfoxidation on a SiO2-supported Ru complex using O2/aldehyde system.

A site-isolated SiO(2)-supported Ru-monomer complex, whose structure was characterized by means of solid-state NMR, XPS, UV/vis, and Ru K-edge EXAFS, was found to be efficient for sulfoxidation using an O(2)/aldehyde system. Significant enhancement of sulfoxidation rates was observed on the SiO(2)-supported Ru complex for various sulfide derivatives.

Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging.

Skin aging involves degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in both the epidermal and dermal layers, it leaves visible signs on the surface of skin and the physical properties of the skin are modified. Chronological aging is due to passage of time, whereas premature aging occurred due to some environmental factors on skin produces visible signs such as irregular dryness, dark/light pigmentation, sallowness, severe atrophy, telangiectases, premalignant lesions, laxity, leathery appearance and deep wrinkling. There are several synthetic skincare cosmetics existing in the market to treat premature aging and the most common adverse reactions of those include allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, phototoxic and photo-allergic reactions. Recent trends in anti-aging research projected the use of natural products derived from ancient era after scientific validation. Ample varieties of phytomolecules such as aloin, ginsenoside, curcumin, epicatechin, asiaticoside, ziyuglycoside I, magnolol, gallic acid, hydroxychavicol, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxybenzoic acids, etc. scavenges free radicals from skin cells, prevent trans-epidermal water loss, include a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or higher contribute to protect skin from wrinkles, leading to glowing and healthy younger skin. Present era of treating aging skin has become technologically more invasive; but herbal products including botanicals are still relevant and combining them with molecular techniques outlined throughout this review will help to maximize the results and maintain the desired anti-skin aging benefits.

Cucumis sativus fruit-potential antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-elastase agent.

The aim of this study was to screen the antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase, and anti-elastase activity of the lyophilized juice of Cucumis sativus fruit (CSLJ). The CSLJ was subjected to DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging assay in reference to butylated hydroxytoluene. The hyaluronidase and elastase inhibitory assay was performed in reference to oleanolic acid. Furthermore, the activities have been rationalized with HPLC analysis of the CSLJ with standard reference compound of ascorbic acid. The CSLJ exhibited DPPH-free radical and superoxide radical scavenging activity, IC(50) at a concentration of 14.73 ± 1.42 and 35.29 ± 1.30 µg/mL, respectively. The CSLJ also showed strong anti-hyaluronidase ((c) P < 0.001) and anti-elastase ((c) P < 0.001) activity, IC(50) at a concentration of 20.98 ± 1.78 and 6.14 ± 1.74 µg/mL, respectively. The HPLC 'chromatogram' of standard and CSLJ showed specific peak at retention time 2.905 and 3.066 min, respectively. Content of ascorbic acid was calculated with respect to the standard compound and it was found to be 3.5 ± 0.23% w/w. CSLJ is the rich source of ascorbic acid and this study thereby rationalizes the use of C. sativus as potential anti-wrinkle agent in cosmetic products.

Exploring Tagetes erecta Linn flower for the elastase, hyaluronidase and MMP-1 inhibitory activity.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Traditionally Tagetes erecta Linn flower is claimed to treat skin diseases like sores, burns, wounds, ulcers, eczema and several other skin ailments. The aim of the present experiment was to evaluate the anti-wrinkle potential of standardized flower extract of Tagetes erecta. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Tagetes erecta extract and fractions were screened for hyaluronidase, elastase and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1) inhibitory activity compared with the activity of standard oleanolic acid. Syringic acid and ß-amyrin were obtained from the extract and quantified through RP-HPLC. Also the compounds were evaluated for anti-wrinkle activity. RESULTS: The methanol extract showed significant ((a)P < 0.05) hyaluronidase and elastase inhibition with IC50 of 11.70 ± 1.79 µg mL(-1) and 4.13 ± 0.93 µg mL(-1) respectively and better MMP-1 inhibition compared to standard oleanolic acid. The isolated compounds syringic acid and ß-amyrin found to inhibit enzymes comparable to oleanolic acid. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed that good amounts of syringic acid and ß-amyrin (2.30%, w/w and 0.06%) are present in Tagetes erecta. CONCLUSION: Tagetes erecta flower showed effective inhibition of hyaluronidase, elastase and MMP-1. Therefore, this experiment further rationalizes the traditional uses of this plant, which may be useful as an anti-wrinkle agent.