[A case of severe hyperparathyroidism in clinical practice. Case report].

Disorders of the mineral balance often determine the symptoms, the severity of the course and the prognosis of many diseases. Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disease caused by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone as a result of primary damage to the parathyroid glands. Diagnosis of PHPT is often difficult. Clinical signs of PHPT appear months or years after the onset of the disease, however, the presence of hypercalcemia serves as an early indication of the disease of the thyroid gland. Often, patients are observed for a long time by related specialists (rheumatologists, traumatologists-orthopedists, oncologists), which gives rise to a lot of problems consisting in the lack of adequate treatment and its result, the progression of the disease, disability, and a decrease in the quality of life. Often, patients are observed for a long time by related specialists (rheumatologists, orthopedic traumatologists, oncologists) under the "masks" of various pathologies (osteoporosis, recurrent urolithiasis, etc.), which gives rise to a lot of problems, consisting in an erroneous diagnosis, lack of adequate treatment and its result, progression of the disease, disability, and a decrease in the quality of life. Late diagnosis of PHPT leads to the development of severe complications (osteoporetic fractures, renal failure) and an increased risk of premature death. A clinical case of late diagnosis of PHPT at the stage of pronounced bone complications of the disease, which proceeded under the guise of osteoarthritis, is considered. According to the results of laboratory and instrumental studies, the following were revealed: hypercalcemia, a significant increase in the concentration of PTH, adenoma of the left lower parathyroid gland, hyperparathyroid osteodystrophy, and a decrease in bone mineral density. Surgical treatment was performed - selective parathyroidectomy with the development of hypocalcemia in the early postoperative period, which was stopped by taking calcium supplements and active vitamin D metabolites and is designed to help practitioners of various specialties to understand the issues of diagnosis of PHPT and effective care for patients.

[The hematocrit in the conical capillaries of skeletal muscle]. / Gematokrit v konicheskikh kapilliarakh skeletnoi myshtsy.

The RBC velocity, cell flux and tube hematocrit were measured in the arterial and venous ends of the rat cremaster capillaries. The widening of capillaries from the arterial to venous ends from 4.9 +/- 0.1 to 6.5 +/- 0.2 mu was accompanied by a decrease of the tube hematocrit from 32 +/- 2 to 19 +/- 1 due to the discrepancy between the RBC velocity drop from 523 +/- 36 to 397 +/- 22 mu/sec and the lumen area widening (76%). The attenuation of the Fahraus effect with the decrease of capillary diameter was shown, leading to the equality of the tube and discharge hematocrit in the diameter range of 3-4 microns. Negative correlation between the instantaneous values of the RBC vecolity and the tube hematocrit was observed.

[The composition of the blood in pups of the Baikal seal Phoca sibirica during forced diving]. / Sostav krovi shchenko baikal'skoi nerpy Phoca sibirica pri prinuditel'nom nyrianii.

A set of parameters, such as pO2, pCO2, the content of glucose, glycogen, lactate, pyruvate, cholesterol, insulin, triglycerides, cAMP in the blood from the venous sinus has been investigated in puppies of Baikal seals during forced diving and rehabilitation. The dynamics of these parameters is presented.

[The morphofunctional heterogeneity of the m. cremaster capillary bed in Wistar rats]. / Morfofunktsional'naia geterogennost' kapilliarnogo rusla m. cremaster krys linii Vistar.

Intravital microscopy revealed that 65% of all the m. cremaster's capillary bed were perfused at rest. The capillary functional reserve may play an important part in the topographical heterogeneity of the perfusion. The heterogeneity is a passive mechanism in an increasing number of perfused capillaries, i.e. the "capillary recruitment".