In vitro susceptibility of Brazilian Pythium insidiosum isolates to essential oils of some Lamiaceae family species.

The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial action of Origanum vulgare, Origanum majorana, Mentha piperita and Rosmarinus officinalis on Pythium insidiosum oomycete zoospores. The antimicrobial activity evaluation was performed by the broth microdilution method according to CSLI M38-A2 documentation adapted to phytopharmaceuticals. Twenty-two P. insidiosum isolates were evaluated, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined at 100% growth inhibition. All P. insidiosum isolates evaluated showed a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 0.05 to 1.75 mg/mL when O. vulgare oil was used and from 0.11 to 3.5 mg/mL for O. majorana, M. piperita and R. officinalis oils. The results obtained indicate that the essential oils tested showed antimicrobial activity on P. insidiosum, with O. vulgare essential oil showing the best performance. These findings emphasize the potential use of plant essential oils as control agents in P. insidiosum infections; further research, however, is needed so as the in vivo activity of these oils can also be evaluated.

In vitro susceptibility of zoospores and hyphae of Pythium insidiosum to antifungals.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the in vitro susceptibilities of 22 Brazilian isolates of Pythium insidiosum to antifungals using a standardized inoculum of zoospores and a proposed novel inoculum prepared from cultured mycelia (hyphae) of P. insidiosum. METHODS: A zoospore suspension of P. insidiosum was obtained by the zoosporogenesis technique. The hyphal inoculum was prepared from a suspension of P. insidiosum mycelium. Susceptibility to each drug was evaluated using the CLSI M38-A2 method. RESULTS: Of the 88 MIC comparisons performed, 36 (41%) showed the same MIC value for the two inocula. The agreement (differences not greater than one dilution) between MICs obtained with both types of inocula was 39.8% (35/88). In other MIC comparisons analysed, 17 (19.3%) showed differences of two or three dilutions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the use of hyphal inocula of P. insidiosum for in vitro susceptibility tests could be a suitable method for evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility, particularly when it is not possible to obtain a standardized zoospore inoculum.

Viabilidade da técnica de transposição uretral pré-púbica mediante secção peniana em cadáveres de cães / Viability of the prepubic urethral transposition technique by penile section in dog cadavers

Descreve-se a viabilidade da técnica cirúrgica de transposição uretral pré-púbica em cadáveres de cães machos, adultos, advindos de um hospital veterinário, a fim de se avaliar a manutenção da luz uretral a partir de um desvio uretral pré-púbico, descrevendo-se detalhadamente a abordagem e as estruturas anatômicas envolvidas. A técnica consistiu inicialmente da orquiectomia, seguida de celiotomia retroumbilical, tração vesical cranial, secção transversa da uretra membranosa a 1cm caudal à próstata, espatulação e reparo da borda livre. A seguir, divulsão e secção do pênis 1,5cm caudal ao osso peniano, espatulação da borda uretral peniana e transposição desta em direção à cavidade abdominal, fazendo-se anastomose por meio de sutura interrompida simples à uretra membranosa. Foi mensurado o comprimento uretral desde o meato externo até o início da uretra prostática em dois momentos: pré e pós-transposição. Ao final, avaliou-se, por meio de uretrografia retrógrada de contraste positivo, o diâmetro e o selamento na anastomose uretral e o fluxo do contraste até a bexiga. A transposição uretral pré-púbica é uma técnica cirúrgica exequível, anatomicamente compatível com a espécie canina e capaz de manter o diâmetro uretral e o fluxo do contraste de forma satisfatória, com manutenção estética externa idêntica a um cão macho orquiectomizado.(AU)

We describe the viability of the surgical technique of pre-pubic urethral transposition in cadavers of adult male dogs, coming from a veterinary hospital to evaluate the maintenance of urethral light from a prepubic urethral deviation, describing in detail the approach and anatomical structures involved. The technique consisted initially of orchiectomy, followed by retroumbilical celiotomy, cranial vesical traction, transverse section of the membranous urethra at 1cm caudal to prostate, spatulation and free edge repair. Next, the penis divulsion and section 1.5cm caudal to the penile bone, spreading the penile urethral border and transposing it towards the abdominal cavity, making an anastomosis of simple interrupted suture to the membranous urethra. The dogs had the urethral length measured from the external meatus to the beginning of the prostatic urethra at two moments: pre-transposition and post-transposition. Postoperative retrograde urethrography was used to evaluate the diameter and sealing of the urethral anastomosis and contrast flow to the bladder. In conclusion, the prepubic urethral transposition is a feasible surgical technique, anatomically compatible with the canine species and able to maintain the urethral diameter and contrast flow satisfactorily, with an external esthetic maintenance identical to an orchiectomized male dog.(AU)

Transposição e anastomose uretral pré-púbica em um cão macho com estenose extensa da uretra intrapélvica / Prepubic urethral transposition in a male dog with extensive stenosis of the pelvic urethra

We report the use of a new surgical technique in a male dog affected by extensive stenosis of intrapelvic urethra through a antepubic urethral deviation, as an alternative to prepubic urethrostomy and ablation of the external genitalia. The technique consisted initially of orchiectomy, followed by retroumbilical celiotomy, transverse section of the penis in the pre-scrotal region and transposition of this towards the abdominal cavity by making anastomosis to the prostatic urethra. The dog was evaluated clinically and by urethrography retrograde positive contrast for up to four years after the procedure without any clinical signs, changes in urine stream or stenosis image. It is concluded that the pre-pubic urethral transposition is a viable alternative treatment for this dog affected by extensive stenosis of the membranous urethra.(AU)