RESUMEN
The perception of melodic intervals (sequential pitch differences) is essential to music perception. This study tested melodic interval perception in normal-hearing (NH) listeners and cochlear implant (CI) users. Melodic interval ranking was tested using an adaptive procedure. CI users had slightly higher interval ranking thresholds than NH listeners. Both groups' interval ranking thresholds, although not affected by root note, significantly increased with standard interval size and were higher for descending intervals than for ascending intervals. The pitch direction effect may be due to a procedural artifact or a difference in central processing. In another test, familiar melodies were played with all the intervals scaled by a single factor. Subjects rated how in tune the melodies were and adjusted the scaling factor until the melodies sounded the most in tune. CI users had lower final interval ratings and less change in interval rating as a function of scaling factor than NH listeners. For CI users, the root-mean-square error of the final scaling factors and the width of the interval rating function were significantly correlated with the average ranking threshold for ascending rather than descending intervals, suggesting that CI users may have focused on ascending intervals when rating and adjusting the melodies.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Cocleares , Música , Periodicidad , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/rehabilitación , Percepción de la Altura Tonal , Estimulación Acústica , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Umbral Auditivo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Señales (Psicología) , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/psicología , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Different from speech, pitch and loudness cues may or may not co-vary in music. Cochlear implant (CI) users with poor pitch perception may use loudness contour cues more than normal-hearing (NH) listeners. Contour identification was tested in CI users and NH listeners; the five-note contours contained either pitch cues alone, loudness cues alone, or both. Results showed that NH listeners' contour identification was better with pitch cues than with loudness cues; CI users performed similarly with either cues. When pitch and loudness cues were co-varied, CI performance significantly improved, suggesting that CI users were able to integrate the two cues.
Asunto(s)
Implantación Coclear/instrumentación , Implantes Cocleares , Corrección de Deficiencia Auditiva/instrumentación , Señales (Psicología) , Percepción Sonora , Música , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/rehabilitación , Percepción de la Altura Tonal , Estimulación Acústica , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Audiometría , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Patrones de Reconocimiento Fisiológico , Personas con Deficiencia Auditiva/psicología , Reconocimiento en PsicologíaRESUMEN
Binaries containing a compact object orbiting a supermassive black hole are thought to be precursors of gravitational wave events, but their identification has been extremely challenging. Here, we report quasi-periodic variability in x-ray absorption, which we interpret as quasi-periodic outflows (QPOuts) from a previously low-luminosity active galactic nucleus after an outburst, likely caused by a stellar tidal disruption. We rule out several models based on observed properties and instead show using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations that QPOuts, separated by roughly 8.3 days, can be explained with an intermediate-mass black hole secondary on a mildly eccentric orbit at a mean distance of about 100 gravitational radii from the primary. Our work suggests that QPOuts could be a new way to identify intermediate/extreme-mass ratio binary candidates.