RESUMEN
In this study, we have identified a secreted 13 kDa lectin from Mtb (Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; sMTL-13) by homology search of a non-redundant lectin database. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that sMTL-13 belongs to the ricin-type beta-trefoil family of proteins containing a Sec-type signal peptide present in Mtb complex species, but not in non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Following heterologous expression of sMTL-13 and generation of an mAb (clone 276.B7/IgG1kappa), we confirmed that this lectin is present in culture filtrate proteins from Mtb H37Rv, but not in non-tuberculous mycobacteria-derived culture filtrate proteins. In addition, sMTL-13 leads to an increased IFN-gamma production by PBMC from active tuberculosis (ATB) patients. Furthermore, sera from ATB patients displayed high titers of IgG Ab against sMTL-13, a response found to be decreased following successful anti-tuberculosis therapy. Together, our findings reveal a secreted 13 kDa ricin-like lectin from Mtb, which is immunologically recognized during ATB and could serve as a biomarker of disease treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Lectinas/inmunología , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/inmunología , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/genética , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/inmunología , Antígenos Bacterianos/genética , Antígenos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Secuencia de Bases , Western Blotting , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/inmunología , Inmunohistoquímica , Lectinas/genética , Lectinas/metabolismo , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/genética , Tuberculosis Pulmonar/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fructose- or sucrose-rich diets can cause insulin resistance and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Adipokines are correlated with the development of these diseases in obesity. We hypothesize that fructose and sucrose induce insulin resistance via effects on adipokine gene expression in adipocytes. This study analyzed the effect of fructose or glucose on adiponectin, haptoglobin, and angiotensinogen gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Ten days after differentiation, the cells were pretreated with serum- and glucose-free medium. Twenty-four hours later, fructose or glucose (0, 5, 10, or 20 mmol) was added into the medium, and the cells were collected after a further 24 hours. Adiponectin, haptoglobin, and angiotensinogen gene expression were determined. Adiponectin gene expression increased when 10 or 20 mmol glucose was added compared with that observed for the non-hexose-treated cells. A similar effect occurred when 5 mmol fructose was added. Glucose (10 mmol) and fructose (20 mmol) stimulated haptoglobin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes compared with 0 mmol, with glucose producing a more pronounced effect. Although 20 mmol fructose caused an increase in angiotensinogen gene expression, glucose did not. In conclusion, in this study of 2 hexoses revealed an increase in adiponectin gene expression, suggesting that the effect of a glucose-rich diet on the development of insulin resistance is not related to the effect of these hexoses on adipocyte adiponectin gene expression. However, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease promoted by fructose-rich diets could be partially related to the effect of fructose on adiponectin and angiotensinogen gene expression.