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LAY ABSTRACT: Studies have shown that children and older adults on the autism spectrum experience more physical and mental health problems than their neurotypical peers. Less is known about the physical and mental health of college students on the spectrum. Studying college students is important because young adults on the spectrum are enrolling in college at increasing rates and because health problems can be a barrier to succeeding in college. We collected data from 2820 students at 14 colleges and universities using an online survey, some of whom had registered for accommodations based on autism and others of whom had not. We used the data to compare the physical and mental health of students on the spectrum to their neurotypical peers. Because students with autism often report other disabilities that also affect health, we accounted for whether they experienced a learning disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sensory impairment, mobility impairment, mental health disorder, or any other disabilities. We assessed health using self-reports of how healthy they were physically and mentally, and reports of depressive symptoms, symptoms of anxiety, sleep deprivation, and binge drinking. We found that students with autism reported poorer physical and mental health, more depressive symptoms, and more symptoms of anxiety even after taking into account other disabilities they may have experienced. They were also less likely to report sleep deprivation and binge drinking. Our results argue for developing specialized services to address the physical and mental health challenges of college students on the spectrum.
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Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Trastorno Autístico , Anciano , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/epidemiología , Niño , Humanos , Grupo Paritario , Estudiantes , Universidades , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introduction Effective use of electronic medical record (EMR) is paramount to delivering safe and effective care. Current EMR education is inadequate, with literature showing frequent deficiencies in skills needed to obtain and interpret data. This study aims to evaluate pediatric interns' perception of EMR inclusion in scenario-based simulation training. Methods A total of 13 pediatric interns participated in an EMR-enhanced, multidisciplinary simulation of a pediatric patient with septic shock during the 2019-2020 academic year. Following the simulation, the interns participated in a semi-structured interview to evaluate the experience of having the EMR incorporated into the simulation and what benefits it offers. Results Of the 13 interns, 12 (92%) felt that incorporating the EMR into the simulation increased the realism of the scenario. All (100%) interns reported that EMR inclusion led to increased learning about the EMR, including gaining or re-learning skills needed to access or interpret electronic clinical data. Participants felt that EMR inclusion in the simulation provided valuable learning opportunities not present in traditional EMR education. Conclusions Integrating the EMR into simulation is viewed positively by pediatric interns, is perceived to improve simulation realism, and helps teach important EMR skills. EMR training would benefit from incorporation into scenario-based simulations.
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This study describes the academic, social, and health experiences of college students on the autism spectrum as they compare to students with other disabilities and their non-disabled, neurotypical peers. Data were from an online survey of college students at 14 public institutions (N = 3073). There were few significant differences between students on the spectrum and students with other disabilities. Both groups of students reported significantly worse outcomes than neurotypical students on academic performance, social relationships and bullying, and physical and mental health. The findings suggest that some of the challenges students on the spectrum face in college result from the stigma and social rejection associated with disability rather than from the unique characteristics of autism.
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Trastorno Autístico/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Estigma Social , Estudiantes/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Universidades , Rendimiento Académico/psicología , Rendimiento Académico/tendencias , Adulto , Trastorno Autístico/diagnóstico , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Salud Mental/tendencias , Distancia Psicológica , Universidades/tendencias , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To test a positive deviance method to identify counties that are performing better than statistical expectations on a set of population health indicators. DESIGN: Quantitative, cross-sectional county-level secondary analysis of risk variables and outcomes in Indiana. Data are analysed using multiple linear regression to identify counties performing better or worse than expected given traditional risk indicators, with a focus on 'positive deviants' or counties performing better than expected. PARTICIPANTS: Counties in Indiana (n=92) constitute the unit of analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Per cent adult obesity, per cent fair/poor health, low birth weight per cent, per cent with diabetes, years of potential life lost, colorectal cancer incidence rate and circulatory disease mortality rate. RESULTS: County performance that outperforms expectations is for the most part outcome specific. But there are a few counties that performed particularly well across most measures. CONCLUSIONS: The positive deviance approach provides a means for state and local public health departments to identify places that show better health outcomes despite demographic, social, economic or behavioural disadvantage. These places may serve as case studies or models for subsequent investigations to uncover best practices in the face of adversity and generalise effective approaches to other areas.