Genetics, Morphometrics and Health Characterization of Green Turtle Foraging Grounds in Mainland and Insular Chile.

Two divergent genetic lineages have been described for the endangered green turtle in the Pacific Ocean, occurring sympatrically in some foraging grounds. Chile has seven known green turtle foraging grounds, hosting mainly juveniles of different lineages. Unfortunately, anthropic factors have led to the decline or disappearance of most foraging aggregations. We investigated age-class/sex structure, morphological variation, genetic diversity and structure, and health status of turtles from two mainland (Bahia Salado and Playa Chinchorro) and one insular (Easter Island) Chilean foraging grounds. Bahia Salado is composed of juveniles, and with Playa Chinchorro, exclusively harbors individuals of the north-central/eastern Pacific lineage, with Galapagos as the major genetic contributor. Conversely, Easter Island hosts juveniles and adults from both the eastern Pacific and French Polynesia. Morphological variation was found between lineages and foraging grounds, suggesting an underlying genetic component but also an environmental influence. Turtles from Easter Island, unlike Bahia Salado, exhibited injuries/alterations probably related to anthropic threats. Our findings point to establishing legal protection for mainland Chile's foraging grounds, and to ensure that the administrative plan for Easter Island's marine protected area maintains ecosystem health, turtle population viability, and related cultural and touristic activities.

Comparison of two isothermal methods for SARS-COV-2 screening in Callao, Peru

Objective: To compare the isothermal molecular screening techniques CPA and RT-LAMP, against the gold standard test, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and to determine its agreement. Materials and Methods: Paired comparative case-control study. For the evaluation of the CPA method, 70 cases and 130 controls were used, while for RT-LAMP, 30 cases and 70 controls were used. The sensitivity and specificity of both tests were calculated. Subsequently, the bias-corrected Kappa index was calculated by resampling. Results: Both techniques have adequate and equivalent values of sensitivity (RT-LAMP: 82.8%, CPA: 83%) and specificity (RT-LAMP and CPA: 91.5%), as well as a high concordance (88%), and Kappa-index (0.72). Conclusion: Both isothermal molecular screening techniques are suitable for SARS-CoV-2 screening, with a similar sensitivity and specificity.

Objetivo : Comparar las técnicas de cribado molecular isotérmico CPA y RT-LAMP, frente a la prueba de referencia, la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa de transcripción inversa (RT-qPCR), y determinar su concordancia. Materiales y métodos : Estudio comparativo de casos y controles emparejados. Para la evaluación del método CPA se utilizaron 70 casos y 130 controles, mientras que para la RT-LAMP se utilizaron 30 casos y 70 controles. Se calcularon la sensibilidad y la especificidad de ambas pruebas. Posteriormente, se calculó el índice Kappa corregido por sesgo mediante un nuevo muestreo. Resultados: Ambas técnicas presentan valores adecuados y equivalentes de sensibilidad (RT-LAMP: 82,8 %, CPA: 83 %) y especificidad (RT-LAMP y CPA: 91,5 %), así como una alta concordancia (88 %), y un índice Kappa (0,72). Conclusiones: Ambas técnicas de cribado molecular isotérmico son adecuadas para el cribado del SARS-CoV-2, con una sensibilidad y especificidad similares.