RESUMEN
A new species of Dysalotus (family Chiasmodontidae) known only from off the Hawaiian archipelago is described here as Dysalotus pouliulii sp. nov. It differs from all other species of Dysalotus in having a greater number of teeth on the premaxilla (151-198 v. 60-138) and dentary (136-199 v. 76-132) and in a shorter upper jaw [51·9-54·9% of head length (LH ) v. 62·4-74·4% LH ] and lower jaw (64·8-67·4% in LH v. 75·3-88·1% in LH ). A key for the species of Dysalotus and an updated distribution map are provided. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9B5F1DC-52E0-4F53-9109-2A8E252AE8CE.
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Perciformes/clasificación , Distribución Animal , Animales , Hawaii , Masculino , Perciformes/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are key drugs in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). GC dose reduction during remission is related to disease activity, GC dose used, length of treatment, and individual GC sensitivity. We compared GC receptor α (GRα) isoform and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) messenger RNA quantitation and in vivo GC sensitivity between SLE patients during remission and healthy controls. We performed a cross-sectional study of 19 women aged 22-49 years, including 9 SLE patients in clinical remission taking ≤5 mg prednisone and 10 matched controls. We evaluated GC sensitivity using 2 cortisol suppression tests: a very-low-dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test (VLD-IV-DST) and a low-dose oral dexamethasone suppression test. GRα and NF-κB mRNA were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Although basal cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were similar between the groups, the percentage of cortisol reduction after the VLD-IV-DST was 56% lower in SLE patients than in controls (P = 0.014). GRα and NF-κB gene expression levels were similar between the groups. The low-dose oral dexamethasone test caused intense cortisol suppression in all individuals, limiting the ability of this test to discriminate individual GC sensitivity. A positive correlation was found between the extent of cortisol suppression in vivo (VLD-IV-DST) and the number of days elapsed since the last flare of lupus activity. Despite clinical remission, SLE patients displayed partial GC resistance recognized by the VLD-IV-DST. The mechanism of this resistance is unrelated to altered GRα and NF-κB mRNA expression.
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Resistencia a Medicamentos , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Hormona Adrenocorticotrópica/metabolismo , Adulto , Resistencia a Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos/genética , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glucocorticoides/farmacología , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , FN-kappa B/genética , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismo , Inducción de Remisión , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Normal testosterone levels are frequently observed in women with androgenetic alopecia (AGA), suggesting the involvement of androgen sensitivity in this condition. Androgen sensitivity is related to androgen receptor (AR) messenger RNA (mRNA) production in hair follicles and is negatively related to the number of CAG repeats present in exon 1 of the AR gene. The aim of this study was to compare AR expression in AGA women with normal controls and to correlate this expression with the number of CAG repeats. Hair follicles were obtained from 27 women with AGA and 21 controls for AR gene expression analysis. AR expression was evaluated through AR mRNA quantification using real-time polymerase chain reaction and the number of CAG repeats in the AR gene was determined in complementary DNA samples obtained from hair follicles and analyzed with the Gene Scan software. AR mRNA in the frontal-parietal region was significantly higher than in the occipital region of AGA patients (paired t-test, P = 0.046). No significant difference was identified in controls (P = 0.67). Both regions in the same individual showed a significant positive correlation in AGA patients (r = 0.77; P < 0.05) and in controls (r = 0.91; P < 0.05). A negative correlation was identified between AR expression and the number of CAG repeats only in AGA patients (r = 0.510; P = 0.013). The identification of elevated AR mRNA quantitation in hair follicles is a useful tool for identifying potentially abnormal androgen sensitivity in AGA patients.
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Alopecia/genética , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , ADN Complementario/genética , Exones/genética , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores Androgénicos/metabolismo , Expansión de Repetición de Trinucleótido/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Insulin resistance is an underlying cause of metabolic changes associated with cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids are known determinant factors of insulin resistance. We quantified glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) mRNA and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11ß-HSD1) mRNA in various tissues of 35 patients with previously established cardiovascular disease. This was a prospective study in a cardiac surgery patient setting. Samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue, epicardial fat, muscle, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were examined. GRα and 11ß-HSD1 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. Mean age was 54.4 years. A significantly higher level of GRα mRNA was observed in muscle, with mean = 43.6 arbitrary units, median (p25-p75) = 39.4, compared to epicardial adipose tissue, with mean = 34.2, median (p25-p75) = 27.6, and to subcutaneous adipose tissue, with mean = 29.0, median (p25-p75) = 19.0, and lymphocytes, with mean = 17.5, median (p25-p75) = 14.02. When patients with diabetes mellitus were compared to patients without insulin resistance, significantly lower levels of GRα mRNA were observed in epicardial fat. Lymphocytes had the lowest 11ß-HSD1 mRNA concentration. We also observed significantly reduced 11ß-HSD1 mRNA levels in visceral fat when compared with muscle tissue. GRα and 11ß-HSD1 mRNA levels differed among tissues involved in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. We conclude that epicardial adipose tissue has lower GRαmRNA levels in insulin-resistant patients; this seems to be an adaptive and protective mechanism.
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Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Resistencia a la Insulina/genética , Especificidad de Órganos/genética , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Deshidrogenasa de Tipo 1/genética , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Deshidrogenasa de Tipo 1/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/genética , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/cirugía , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Grasa Intraabdominal/patología , Grasa Intraabdominal/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pericardio/metabolismo , Pericardio/patología , Pericardio/fisiopatología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study recorded and evaluated the intra- and inter-group agreement degree by different examiners for the classification of lower third molars according to both the Winter's and Pell & Gregory's systems. STUDY DESIGN: An observational and cross-sectional study was realized with forty lower third molars analyzed from twenty digital panoramic radiographs. Four examiner groups (undergraduates, maxillofacial surgeons, oral radiologists and clinical dentists) from Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil, classified them in relation to angulation, class and position. The variance test (ANOVA) was applied in the examiner findings with significance level of p<0.05 and confidence intervals of 95%. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-group agreement was observed in Winter's classification system among all examiners. Pell & Gregory's classification system showed an average intra-group agreement and a statistical significant difference to position variable in inter-group analysis with greater disagreement to the clinical dentists group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: High reproducibility was associated to Winter's classification, whereas the system proposed by Pell & Gregory did not demonstrate appropriate levels of reliability.
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Tercer Molar/anatomía & histología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The dopamine content in cerebral structures has been related to neuronal excitability and several approaches have been used to study this phenomenon during seizure vulnerability period. In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), as well as spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency during the chronic period of the model were determined. Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. Severeness of seizures during the model´s the acute period, was significantly higher in epileptic experimental rats (56.52%), than in controls (4.16%). In the second experiment, the frequency of seizures in the model's chronic phase did not significantly change between groups. Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo's model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure.
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Epilepsia , Estado Epiléptico , Animales , Dopamina/efectos adversos , Epilepsia/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Agonistas Muscarínicos/efectos adversos , Oxidopamina/efectos adversos , Pilocarpina/toxicidad , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Convulsiones/inducido químicamente , Convulsiones/metabolismo , Estado Epiléptico/inducido químicamenteRESUMEN
Turner syndrome (TS) is the complete or partial loss of the second sex chromosome, occurring in 1:5 000 girls. Early recognition allows appropriate therapy for short stature and puberty. Neonatal diagnosis of TS permits detection of associated malformations, minimizing sequels. Aiming to develop a molecular method for the diagnosis of TS we employed blood samples stored on filter paper. We evaluated 78 female controls, 25 TS girls with 45,X karyotype, and 32 TS patients with other karyotypes. After DNA extraction, samples were submitted to real-time PCR, using primers and probes directed to the study gene ARSE and to the control gene GAPDH. A ROC curve established the ARSE:GAPDH ratio with a cutoff value of 0.7. Low ARSE:GAPDH ratio of <0.7 was present in 100% of 45,X TS patients. This cutoff value presented a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100% in detecting 45,X TS patients with a positive predictive value of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%. The same cutoff value was able to identify only 56% of TS with other karyotypes, in which we observed a mean (SD) ARSE:GAPDH ratio=0.66 (0.2); and the interquartile range=0.4-0.8. Determination of ARSE:GAPDH ratio is a fast, sensitive, and specific method, with viable cost and feasible automation, which makes it potentially applicable in neonatal screening programs for the diagnosis of Turner syndrome 45,X.
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Tamizaje Neonatal/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Síndrome de Turner/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Turner/genética , Arilsulfatasas/genética , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Dosificación de Gen/genética , Humanos , Recién Nacido , CariotipificaciónRESUMEN
We measured NF-κB, IKK, c-Fos, and GRα mRNA expression and in vivo glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A very low dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test and real-time PCR quantitation of mRNA of these genes were performed on blood samples from 21 rheumatoid arthritis patients who were not on glucocorticoids during the previous four months and on blood samples from 20 healthy individuals. Mean rheumatoid arthritis duration was 8.8 years, and mean disease activity, as assessed by Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), was 4.45. Basal cortisol and the percentage of cortisol reduction after the very low dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test, as well as NF-κB, IKK, c-Fos, and GRα mRNA expression, were similar among groups. We did not observe significant correlations between glucocorticoid in vivo sensitivity and DAS28. There was a positive correlation between DAS28 and NF-κB, IKK, and GRα, but not c-Fos. In the multivariate analysis, only NF-κB mRNA remained as an independent variable for predicting DAS28.
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Artritis Reumatoide/genética , FN-kappa B/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Receptores de Glucocorticoides/genética , Anciano , Antirreumáticos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Reumatoide/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Reumatoide/patología , Secuencia de Bases , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cartilla de ADN , Dexametasona/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
AIMS: To investigate the effect of media composition and agroindustrial residues on bovicin HC5 production by Streptococcus bovis HC5. METHODS AND RESULTS: Batch cultures of S. bovis HC5 were grown in basal medium containing different carbon and nitrogen sources. The activity of cell-free and cell-associated bovicin HC5 was determined in culture supernatants and acidic extracts obtained from cell pellets, respectively. Streptococcus bovis HC5 produced bovicin using a variety of carbon and nitrogen sources. The highest specific activity was obtained in media containing 16 g l(-1) of glucose, after 16 h of incubation. The peak in cell-free and cell-associated bovicin HC5 activity was detected when S. bovis HC5 cultures reached stationary phase. The bovicin HC5 specific activity and bacterial cell mass increased approximately 3-fold when yeast extract and trypticase (0.5 and 1.0 g l(-1), respectively) were added together to the basal medium. Streptococcus bovis HC5 cultures produced bovicin HC5 in cheese whey and sugar cane juice and maximal volumetric productivity was obtained after 12 h of incubation. CONCLUSIONS: Streptococcus bovis HC5 is a versatile lactic acid bacterium that can utilize several carbon and nitrogen sources for bovicin HC5 production. This bacterium could be a useful model to study bacteriocin production in the rumen ecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of agroindustrial residues as carbon sources could have an economical impact on bovicin HC5 production. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show the use of sugar cane juice for bacteriocin production by lactic acid bacteria.
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Bacteriocinas/metabolismo , Carbono/metabolismo , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Streptococcus bovis/metabolismo , Caseínas/metabolismo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Medios de Cultivo , Fermentación , Glucosa/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Leche/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Hidrolisados de Proteína/metabolismo , Saccharum/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Proteína de Suero de Leche , LevadurasRESUMEN
Recent studies demonstrated an important natriorexigenic mechanism activated by aldosterone acting in the hindbrain. Studies have also shown that aldosterone effects are intensified by angiotensin II (ANG II) and vice-versa. Thus, the aim of the present work was to test if angiotensinergic mechanisms in the forebrain are involved on sodium appetite to aldosterone infused into the 4th V and also if aldosterone into the 4th V might facilitate ingestive and cardiovascular responses to central ANG II. Male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannulas implanted into the 4th ventricle (4th V) and lateral ventricle (LV) had access to 1.8% NaCl during 2â¯h/day. Chronic infusion of aldosterone (100â¯ng/h) into the 4th V for 7â¯days strongly increased 1.8% NaCl intake (16.1⯱â¯2.2â¯ml/2h/day). Losartan (AT1 receptor antagonist, 50⯵g/1⯵l) acutely injected into the LV reduced 1.8% NaCl intake induced by aldosterone infusion into the 4th V (8.8⯱â¯2.3â¯ml/2h/day). The pressor response to ANG II (50â¯ng/1 µl) into the LV increased in rats treated with aldosterone into the 4th V (45⯱â¯5â¯mmHg, vs. vehicle infusion: 26⯱â¯4â¯mmHg). Similarly, fluid intake (waterâ¯+â¯1.8% NaCl) also increased when rats receiving aldosterone infusion were treated with ANG II acutely into the LV. These results suggest that forebrain angiotensinergic mechanisms are important for sodium intake produced by aldosterone acting in the hindbrain. In addition, aldosterone in the hindbrain produces sensitization of the central pressor mechanisms activated by ANG II acting in the forebrain.
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Aldosterona/metabolismo , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Sodio/metabolismo , Aldosterona/farmacología , Angiotensina II/administración & dosificación , Animales , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Losartán/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Cloruro de Sodio/química , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Sodio en la Dieta/metabolismoRESUMEN
Dopamine receptor type 3 (DRD3) expressed in the limbic system sites involved in the regulation of GnRH seems to play a role in neuroendocrine control. We hypothesized that women with chronic anovulation should show exacerbated secretion of prolactin (PRL) after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test, having more chances for dopamine inhibitory dysfunction due to alterations in the structure of DRD3. The DRD3-coding region was evaluated in 60 women with chronic anovulation (35 without and 25 with hyperresponse of PRL after TRH stimulation), and in 34 controls. Statistically similar frequencies of homozygous AGC polymorphism (43.4 and 33.4%) and heterozygous polymorphism (33.4 and 47.9%) at position 9 were found in controls and patients, respectively. Homozygous GCG polymorphism at position 17 was identified in 3.4% of the patients, while heterozygosis occurred in 20.8% of the patients and in 6.6% of the controls. The novel 41563_41567delTAAGT polymorphism of DRD3 was identified in 14.7% of the controls and 8.6% of the women with chronic anovulation displaying hyperresponse of PRL after TRH stimulation. Alteration 41563_41567delTAAGT of DRD3 was not found in patients who did not show hyperresponse of PRL after TRH stimulation. Normal baseline and peak levels of PRL and thyroid-stimulating hormone were similar for women with and without 41563_41567delTAAGT in the DRD3 gene. It is concluded that the novel polymorphism in DRD3 identified in this study is not associated with the response of PRL to TRH stimulation in women with chronic anovulation.
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Anovulación/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores de Dopamina D3/genética , Anovulación/etiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Prolactina/metabolismo , Tirotropina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Aldosterone infusion into the 4th ventricle (4th V), upstream the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), produces strong 0.3â¯M NaCl intake. In the present study, we investigated whether aldosterone infusion into the 4th V activates HSD2 neurons, changes renal excretion, or alters blood pressure and cardiovascular reflexes. Chronic infusion of aldosterone (100â¯ng/h) into the 4th V increased daily 0.3â¯M NaCl intake (up to 44⯱â¯10, vs. vehicle: 5.6⯱â¯3.4â¯ml/24â¯h) and also c-Fos expression in HSD2 neurons in the NTS and in non-HSD2 neurons in the NTS. Natriuresis, diuresis and positive sodium balance were present in rats that ingested 0.3â¯M NaCl, however, renal excretion was not modified by 4th V aldosterone in rats that had no access to NaCl. 4th V aldosterone also reduced baroreflex sensitivity (-2.8⯱â¯0.5, vs. vehicle: -5.1⯱â¯0.9â¯bpm/mmHg) in animals that had sodium available, without changing blood pressure. The results suggest that sodium intake induced by aldosterone infused into the 4th V is associated with activation of NTS neurons, among them the HSD2 neurons. Aldosterone infused into the 4th V in association with sodium intake also impairs baroreflex sensitivity, without changing arterial pressure.
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Aldosterona/farmacología , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruro de Sodio/metabolismo , Aldosterona/metabolismo , Animales , Barorreflejo/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Cuarto Ventrículo/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Gris/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/fisiología , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sodio/metabolismo , Núcleo Solitario/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Adrenal hypoplasia congenita (AHC) is a rare disease that can be caused by many abnormalities, including an X-linked form. Mutations in the DAX1 gene have been assigned as the genetic cause of AHC. We describe here three siblings with AHC, clinically presented at different ages, two in the neonatal period and one oligosymptomatic during infancy. Molecular analysis was able to detect a novel mutation in exon 1 of the DAX1 gene, consisting of a transition of C to T at position 359, determining a stop codon at position 359 (Q359X). The mutated gene encodes a truncated protein missing a large portion of the ligand-binding domain (C-terminal domain). The recognition of the disease in the index case suggested the diagnosis in the other siblings. Interestingly, the same mutation is presented with different phenotypes, suggesting that first-degree family members of patients with DAX1 mutations should be carefully evaluated routinely.
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Insuficiencia Suprarrenal/genética , Codón sin Sentido , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Mutación Puntual , Receptores de Ácido Retinoico/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Niño , Preescolar , Receptor Nuclear Huérfano DAX-1 , Exones , Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Linaje , Fenotipo , HermanosRESUMEN
Chronic infusion of aldosterone into the 4th ventricle (4th V) induces robust daily sodium intake, whereas acute injection of aldosterone into the 4th V produces no sodium intake. The inhibitory mechanism of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) restrains sodium intake induced by different natriorexigenic stimuli and might affect the acute response to aldosterone into the 4th V. In the present study, 1.8% NaCl and water intake was tested in rats treated with acute injections of aldosterone into the 4th V combined with the blockade of the inhibitory mechanisms with injections of moxonidine (α2 adrenergic/imidazoline agonist) or methysergide (a serotonergic antagonist) into the LPBN. Male Holtzman rats with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the 4th V and bilaterally in the LPBN were used. Aldosterone (250 or 500ng) into the 4th V combined with vehicle into the LPBN induced no 1.8% NaClintake compared to control (1.5±1.1 and 1.1±0.4, respectively, vs. vehicle into 4th V: 1.0±0.5ml/2h). However, aldosterone (250 or 500ng) into the 4th V combined with moxonidine (0.5nmol) into the LPBN induced strong ingestion of 1.8% NaCl (12.7±4.6 and 17.6±3.7ml/2h, respectively). Aldosterone (250ng) into the 4th V combined with methysergide (4µg) into the LPBN also induced 1.8% NaCl intake (17.6±5.4ml/2h). These data suggest that the inhibitory mechanisms of the LPBN counteract the facilitation of sodium intake produced by aldosterone injected into the 4th, restraining sodium intake in this condition.
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Aldosterona/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Líquidos , Núcleos Parabraquiales/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleos Parabraquiales/fisiología , Cloruro de Sodio Dietético , Animales , Conducta de Ingestión de Líquido/efectos de los fármacos , Cuarto Ventrículo , Imidazoles/administración & dosificación , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
In this paper, impedance measurements in the frequency range from 10(-2) to 10(6) Hz are presented for collagen and algal sulfated polysaccharide crosslinked films. We are considering the development of new biomaterials which have potential applications in coating of cardiovascular prostheses, support for cellular growth and in systems for controlled drug delivery. The effect of crosslink sulfated polysaccharide on the physical chemical properties of collagen was studied using FT-infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric spectroscopy. The resulting films crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) in concentrations of 0.001% and 0.05% when analysed by DSC, showed that the GA treatment not only left the thermal stability of the collagen unaffected, but it also decreased the thermal transition energy. Dielectric spectroscopy shows that the effect of the crosslink on the blend film was associated to the decrease and stabilization of the dielectric permittivity at low frequencies and decreased its conductivity.
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Colágeno/química , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/farmacología , Eucariontes/química , Glutaral/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Sulfatos/química , Materiales Biocompatibles , Rastreo Diferencial de Calorimetría , Electroquímica , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
Cholinergic activation of the medial septal area (MSA) with carbachol produces thirst, natriuresis, antidiuresis and pressor response. In the brain, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) modulates autonomic and behavioral responses. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the combination of carbachol and H2O2 injected into the MSA on water intake, renal excretion, cardiovascular responses and the activity of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei. Furthermore, the possible modulation of carbachol responses by H2O2 acting through K+ATP channels was also investigated. Male Holtzman rats (280-320 g) with stainless steel cannulas implanted in the MSA were used. The pre-treatment with H2O2 in the MSA reduced carbachol-induced thirst (7.9±1.0, vs. carbachol: 13.2±2.0 ml/60 min), antidiuresis (9.6±0.5, vs. carbachol: 7.0±0.8 ml/120 min,), natriuresis (385±36, vs. carbachol: 528±46 µEq/120 min) and pressor response (33±5, vs. carbachol: 47±3 mmHg). Combining H2O2 and carbachol into the MSA also reduced the number of vasopressinergic neurons expressing c-Fos in the PVN (46.4±11.2, vs. carbachol: 98.5±5.9 c-Fos/AVP cells) and oxytocinergic neurons expressing c-Fos in the PVN (38.5±16.1, vs. carbachol: 75.1±8.5 c-Fos/OT cells) and in the SON (57.8±10.2, vs. carbachol: 102.7±7.4 c-Fos/OT cells). Glibenclamide (K+ATP channel blocker) into the MSA partially reversed H2O2 inhibitory responses. These results suggest that H2O2 acting through K+ATP channels in the MSA attenuates responses induced by cholinergic activation in the same area.
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Carbacol/farmacología , Fármacos del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Agonistas Colinérgicos/farmacología , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Tabique del Cerebro/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Presión Arterial/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Arterial/fisiología , Catéteres de Permanencia , Diuresis/efectos de los fármacos , Diuresis/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Canales KATP/metabolismo , Masculino , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/fisiología , Oxitocina/metabolismo , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Hipotalámico Paraventricular/fisiología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-fos/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Tabique del Cerebro/fisiología , Núcleo Supraóptico/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Supraóptico/fisiología , Sed/efectos de los fármacos , Sed/fisiología , Vasopresinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The objective of the present study was to investigate hospital administrator's expectations about the administrative role played by nurses, utilizing functions proposed by the Neoclassical Theory of Administration: planning, organization, direction, and control as theoretical references. An instrument established in TREVIZAN (1989) was applied to 11 hospital administrators. The results showed they expect the four functions to be done by nurses. Therefore, the interaction between nurses and hospital administrators is critical to improve the patient's assistance.
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Actitud del Personal de Salud , Administradores de Hospital/psicología , Perfil Laboral , Enfermeras Administradoras/psicología , Humanos , Rol , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Considering communication and leadership, authors examine the role of the leader as a focus of reception and transmission of information, based on the classification of Mintzberg related to their informative roles, such as the leader acting as monitor, disseminator and spokesman. Contextualizing this approach in the scenery of nursing management, authors study the dimension of nurses-leaders role as an essential element of communication in the systems of organization of nursing care.
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Comunicación , Relaciones Interprofesionales , Perfil Laboral , Liderazgo , Enfermeras Administradoras/organización & administración , Enfermeras Administradoras/psicología , Supervisión de Enfermería/organización & administración , Difusión de Innovaciones , Educación Continua en Enfermería/organización & administración , HumanosRESUMEN
Considering changes in the Health System, this survey analyses the view of 31 nurses from a hospital institution linked to the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in order to learn how they face the changes and their actions in 1995. To better understand the content of the interviews, authors use a thematic analysis proposed by BARDIN (1977). This analysis shows that some nurses recognize a different action after the SUS inclusion and others do not. However, when their actions are analysed as a whole, they are mainly directed to be a physician complementary action. The inadequate management by the nurse has contributed for a not entire nursing care. Authors suggest the management improvement of nurses in order to redirect nursing actions.
Asunto(s)
Actitud del Personal de Salud , Reforma de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Reestructuración Hospitalaria/organización & administración , Atención de Enfermería/organización & administración , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Brasil , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/educación , Innovación Organizacional , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Indole alkaloids ellipticine (1), cryptolepine triflate (2a), rationally designed 11-(4-piperidinamino)cryptolepine hydrogen dichloride (2b) and olivacine (3) (an isomer of 1) were evaluated in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. 1-3 inhibited P. falciparum (IC50≤1.4 µM, order of activity: 2b>1>2a>3). In vitro toxicity to murine macrophages was evaluated and revealed selectivity indices (SI) of 10-12 for 2a and SI>2.8×10² for 1, 2b and 3. 1 administered orally at 50mg/kg/day was highly active against P. berghei (in vivo inhibition compared to untreated control (IVI)=100%, mean survival time (MST)>40 days, comparable activity to chloroquine control). 1 administered orally and subcutaneously was active at 10 mg/kg/day (IVI=70-77%; MST=27-29 days). 3 exhibited high oral activity at ≥50 mg/kg/day (IVI=90-97%, MST=23-27 days). Cryptolepine (2a) administered orally and subcutaneously exhibited moderate activity at 50mg/kg/day (IVI=43-63%, MST=24-25 days). At 50 mg/kg/day, 2b administered subcutaneously was lethal to infected mice (MST=3 days) and moderately active when administered orally (IVI=45-55%, MST=25 days). 1 and 3 are promising compounds for development of antimalarials.