RESUMEN
Background The purpose of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance is to guide clinical decision-making, characterize trends in resistance infections, and provide epidemiological data to study the impact of AMR on health and the effectiveness of control measures in health facilities and the community. To do this, regular and relevant assessments of standardized AMR surveillance systems are essential to prioritize threats and improve their performance and cost-effectiveness. The scarcity of data and the absence of a local and national strategy on the surveillance of antibiotic resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa and even more so in Cameroon do not allow an effective response to be carried out against the scourge. This gap led us to conduct a study on the evaluation of the attributes of the antibiotic resistance surveillance system in Cameroon. Methodology We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study over a period of one year from January to December 2021. The study was conducted in the sentinel sites of surveillance in Cameroon, namely, those of the Centre, South-West, Littoral, and North regions. Using structured questionnaires and a pre-established and pre-tested interview guide, we collected data that allowed us to assess a surveillance system's quantitative and qualitative attributes according to the CDC guidelines. Scores were assigned based on the different questionnaires to assess the attributes of the AMR surveillance system. Results Of the evaluated attributes, it appears that although the system is useful (88.9%, i.e., a score of 2), and has good completeness of data transmission (98.9%, i.e., a score of 3), it is not simple (64.3%, i.e., a score of 1), not stable (58.6%, i.e., a score of 1), not acceptable (58.6%, i.e., a score of 1), and presents poor data quality (11.05%, a score of 1). Conclusions The AMR surveillance system in Cameroon is useful with good completeness. However, many other attributes have poor performance, indicating the importance of improving the antimicrobial surveillance system.