Physical Activity Is Associated with the Incidence of Depression in United States Adults from the NHANES 2013-18: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The number of depression sufferers is rising globally. In the United States, 8% of adults over 20 years of age suffer from it, making it the most prevalent mental disorder in the country. Some lifestyle habits have been shown to favor or prevent the onset of depression; for instance, physical inactivity is associated with an increased likelihood of suffering depression, whilst multiple benefits have been attributed to performing physical activity (PA). This study aims to test whether there is a dependence between the prevalence of depression and PA, age, gender and educational level. The secondary objective was to identify the differentiating variables for depression and non-depression. This cross-sectional study is based on data from the NHANES 2013-2014, 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 editions. Some of the items in this survey were taken from preexisting questionnaires: the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression screening and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) for the PA groups. The final sample was formed of 15,574 United States residents over 18 years old. After testing the data normality (p < 0.001), a descriptive analysis and the non-parametric chi-square test was conducted, as well as discriminant analysis. The results showed that there was an association between depression prevalence and PA (p < 0.001) in the general population and for both genders. Inactive participants had the highest prevalence of major depression and other depressive disorders. The discriminant analysis identified PA group (0.527), education level (0.761) and gender (-0.505) as significant variables that differentiate between participants with and without depression. The results of this research confirmed that a dependency relationship between PA group according to the GPAQ and depression prevalence according to the PHQ-9 existed in the United States adult population, and that PA group is a relevant variable to differentiate between depression sufferers and non-sufferers.

Role of Satisfaction with Life, Sex and Body Mass Index in Physical Literacy of Spanish Children.

Physical activity (PL) is essential to achieve good health, prevent cardiovascular diseases, obesity and overweight, as well as to achieve a better quality of life. Therefore, PL could become the tool to increase the practice of physical activity among young people, thus increasing life satisfaction (LS) given its positive relationship with physical activity. A single-measure cross-sectional correlational study was carried out, involving 135 children aged 8-12 years from Extremadura. They were administered the SWLS questionnaire and the Canadian assessment of physical literacy (CAPL-2). Significantly higher levels of PL (p = 0.010) were found in normal-weight children compared to overweight and obese children, due to the physical competence domain score (p < 0.001). PL was directly related to SWLS (p < 0.001), but inversely related to BMI (p = 0.018). The daily physical activity behaviour domain was explained by SWLS (p < 0.001) and sex (p < 0.001). Physical competence was described by SWLS (p < 0.001) and BMI (p = 0.045). Finally, the motivation and confidence domain were only significantly associated with SWLS (p < 0.001). It was concluded that boys and girls of normal weight achieved higher levels of PL and LS than those with overweight and obesity, establishing a negative relationship of PL with BMI and positive with LS.

Evaluation of the association of physical activity levels with self-perceived health, depression, and anxiety in Spanish individuals with high cholesterol levels: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is the most common form of dyslipidaemia in the world leading to negative health effects, both physical and mental. Physical activity (PA) can reduce total cholesterol and has positive effects on mental health. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyses the relationships between physical activity level (PAL), self-perceived health (SPH) and mental health. Methods: This study was based on data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 (SNHS 2017), with 3,176 Spanish adults with high cholesterol as participants. Non-parametric tests were used as the data did not follow normality. Results: Dependent relationships were found between PAL and SPH, depression and anxiety. Women had higher depression and anxiety prevalences than men, while men were more likely to report being very active, although the proportion of walkers was higher in women. The physically inactive population presented higher negative SPH, depression and anxiety proportions and psychological distress than physically active people. Conclusion: The physically inactive people had a higher risk of negative SPH, depression and anxiety. Regular PA may improve SPH and mental health in people with high cholesterol, but more studies are needed to establish causal relationships, mechanisms, and optimal doses.

Trends in Multicomponent Training Research in the Aged Population: A Bibliometric Analysis.

The proportion of aged populations is increasing worldwide. Exercise has a palliating effect on some adverse implications of aging. Multicomponent training (MCT) is a recommended form of exercise for the aged population. The aims of this research were to (1) study the number of publications regarding MCT in the aged population following an exponential growth rate; (2) identify the journals, authors, and countries that stand out the most in this area; and (3) describe the most common themes and used keywords in this field. The analysis was performed through the traditional laws of bibliometrics, including, Price's, Lotka's, Bradford's, and Zipf's law. All documents published in journals indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection from 2001 to November 2023 that met the inclusion criteria were included. The 485 documents included in this review revealed that the number of annual publications experienced an exponential growth phase, 15 journals with six or more publications formed the core journals on this topic, and the author Mikel Izquierdo and his collaborative network topped the lists of prominent and prolific co-authors. Spain was the leading country in number of publications. Various thematic lines and keywords regarding strength, sarcopenia, quality of life, falls, balance, dual-task exercise, and cognitive and physical functioning were identified. In conclusion, this work confirmed that research on this topic is going through an exponential growth phase and provided detailed information about the journals, authors, and countries involved in the subject, as well as the keywords most frequently used in the subject matter.

Global trends in dementia care research in the context of COVID-19: bibliometric analysis.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia, producing a deterioration in the activities of daily living which can lead to the need for care provision. COVID-19 impacted their quality of life and in this care delivery. This study aimed to analyse most productive and prominent authors, the journals and countries with the highest number of publications, the most cited documents and the most used keywords. Publications were retrieved from journals indexed in the Main Collection of the Web of Science (WoS) and analysed using the traditional laws of bibliometrics. A total of 376 documents were found. The WoS categories with the highest number of publications accumulated were "Geriatric Gerontology" and "Gerontology." Clarissa Giebel was the most productive (23 papers) and most cited (with 569 citations) co-author. The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease (21 papers) published the most number of documents. The manuscript "2021 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures" was the most cited. Four thematic clusters related to mental health, telemedicine, care and well-being were found among the authors' keywords. Research networks exist worldwide, with the United States of America and England leading the scientific output. These results may be of interest to researchers, publishers and professionals interested in this subject, as they provide current information on publications related to this topic.

Cross-validation of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy second edition (CAPL-2) for Spanish children.

Background/objective: This study aimed to explore physical literacy (PL) using the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy, second edition (CAPL-2), adapt it to the Spanish context and provide evidence of its validity for use in Spanish children aged 8-12. Methods: A total of 280 students (150 girls, mean age 10.5±0.9 years) from Extremadura (Spain) completed the CAPL-2. Means and SDs were used to present CAPL-2 scores according to age and sex, as well as frequencies to place participants at different PL levels. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to establish the best model fit for the data. Results: The median PL of Spanish children was progressing, and girls had a lower PL than boys for all ages except 12 years. The results supported a four-domain model for the CAPL-2 Spanish version and reported good fit indices after CFA (χ2 per df ratio=1.118; P (χ2)=0.256; root mean square error of approximation=0.021; comparative fit index=0.987; Tuker-Lewis index=0.991; normed fit index=0.895). Conclusion: The CAPL-2 model is a valid and reliable instrument for Spanish children aged 8-12. It represents the first tool that assesses PL in Spanish children, covering the domains of motivation and confidence, physical competence, knowledge and understanding, and daily behaviour. It may be relevant for all professionals related to physical activity, education and the health field.

Influencia de la regucalcina en la pérdida de masa ósea / Influence of regucalcin on bone loss

Objetivo: El propósito de este trabajo ha sido revisar la literatura científica con relación al papel de la regucalcina en la pérdida de masa ósea. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos PubMed. Se encontraron 31 artículos. Tras analizar su contenido y aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 13 artículos fueron incluidos. Resultados: La disminución en el contenido de calcio femoral observado en ratones transgénicos con regucalcina se observó con el aumento de la edad, lo que sugiere que la pérdida ósea no se restaura con el modelado óseo. De la misma manera, se encontró que la adición de regucalcina con 1 a 100 nM estimulaba significativamente la actividad basal de NF-kB (P<0.01). Se apreció una disminución significativa en el contenido de ADN en los tejidos metafisarios femorales, con una mayor disminución en hembras que en machos, siendo estos valores: 3.3 mg/g pasaron a ser 2.6 mg/g en las hembras (P<0.01). La reabsorción ósea osteoclástica aumentó en ratones transgénicos con regucalcina machos y hembras con edad creciente. La regucalcina exógena revela efectos supresores sobre la osteoblastogénesis y la mineralización in vitro y que no tuvo efectos sobre la proliferación celular y la apoptosis en las células osteoblásticas en cultivos a corto plazo. Conclusión: La regucalcina desempeña un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento del homeostasis celular y la función de la respuesta celular en relación a la masa ósea.(AU)

Purpose: The aim of this work has been to review the scientific literature regarding the role of regucalcin in bone loss.Method: A bibliographic search was performed in the PubMed database. A total of 31 articles were used. After analyzing its content and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 13 articles were included.Results: The decrease in femoral calcium content observed in regucalcin transgenic mice decreased with increasing age, suggesting that bone loss is not restored with bone modeling. In the same way, it was found that the addition of regucalcin with 1 to 100 nM significantly stimulated the baseline activity of NF-kB (P <0.01). Likewise, there was a significant decrease in the DNA content in femoral metaphyseal tissues, with a greater decrease in females than in males, these values ​​being: 3,3 mg / g became 2,6 mg / g (P <0.01). Osteoclastic bone resorption increased in male and female transgenic regucalcin mice with increasing age. Also, exogenous regucalcin reveals suppressive effects on osteoblastogenesis and mineralization in vitro and that it had no effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis in osteoblast cells in short-term cultures.Conclusion: Regucalcin plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis and the function of the cellular response in relation to bone mass.(AU)