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1.
Nutr Health ; : 2601060231166162, 2023 Apr 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37073132

RESUMEN

Background: Many experts agree that the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown restriction have had an impact on relationships and eating habits in couples, but this hypothesis lacks evidence and empirical studies. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between satisfaction with the couple's relationship, body self-esteem, and eating behaviors during the Covid-19 lockdown. Method: Three hundred and eighty-one subjects, aged between 18 and 60 years (M = 26.88; SD = 9.22), of whom 89.8% women, participated in the survey. The online assessment included: the Relationship Assessment Scale; the Multidimensional Self Concept Scale and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire. Results: The results showed that the relationship and the levels of couple's satisfaction are independent of respect to body experience and eating behavior. On the contrary, bodily experience is negatively correlated with diet, weight, body shape, and restriction attempts. However, the eating style of couple showed a change during the quarantine period, both in healthy and at-risk of ED subjects. Conclusion: The psychological impact of Covid-19 and its lockdown has had profound repercussions on the subjective relationship with body and food but have apparently preserved stable and satisfying bonds. The importance of the study confirmed the primary relation between self and body's satisfaction in subjective dimensions of life.

2.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(8)2023 Jul 31.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37629693

RESUMEN

Background and Objectives: This present study was aimed at exploring hyperarousal and aberrant salience in a sample of the Italian general population to understand their possible role in the acceptance of anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic data questions, the "Acceptance of Vaccination" measure, the Hyperarousal Scale (H-Scale), and the Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) were sent as an unpaid online survey to the general population (age range 18-80 years) within the Italian territory. Results: The enrolled subjects were divided into two subgroups: "Pro-vax" (n = 806; 87.4%) and "No-vax" (n = 116; 12.6%). Statistical analysis showed significant differences between groups in the "Education Level" (p = 0.001) category, higher in the "Pro-vax" group, and in the ASI "Senses Sharpening" (p = 0.007), "Heightened Emotionality" (p = 0.008), and "Heightened Cognition" (p = 0.002) subscales with the "Total Score" (p = 0.015), all higher in "No-vax" subjects. Furthermore, a linear regression model evidenced that only "Education Level" (ß = 0.143; p < 0.0001) and "Senses Sharpening" (ß = -0.150; p = 0.006) were, respectively, direct and inverse predictors of "Acceptance of Vaccination". Conclusions: Our results show that several subthreshold conditions, such as somatosensory amplification, anxiety traits, and panic experiences, should be taken into account by authoritative sources involved in health education, communication, and policy to alleviate public concerns about vaccine safety, for the present and also future pandemics, and to provide more inclusive, informed, and accurate public health preventive and treatment programs.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Ansiedad , Ansiedad , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cognición , Vacunación , Nivel de Alerta
3.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(12)2023 Nov 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38138156

RESUMEN

According to the scientific literature, climate change, due to human activities, can damage the environment, with psycho-physical consequences for humans. The scientific literature has highlighted how severe weather events can cause fear, stress, concern for the future, and eco-anxiety. In light of this information, this study aims to explore the concept of eco-anxiety. However, climate change is still perceived as a secondary problem. It would also be worth investigating the real importance that people attach to environmental issues compared to other circumstances, such as wars or pandemics.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Ansiedad , Ansiedad , Humanos , Ansiedad/psicología , Miedo , Predicción , Cambio Climático
4.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry ; 56(2): 120-136, 2022 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34169752

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: First described in 1955, night eating syndrome refers to an abnormal eating behavior clinically defined by the presence of evening hyperphagia (>25% of daily caloric intake) and/or nocturnal awaking with food ingestion occurring ⩾ 2 times per week. AIMS: Although the syndrome is frequently comorbid with obesity, metabolic and psychiatric disorders, its etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, assessment and treatment still remain not fully understood. METHODS: This review was conducted according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines; PubMed database was searched until 31 October 2020, using the key terms: 'Night Eating Syndrome' AND 'complications' OR 'diagnosis' OR 'drug therapy' OR 'epidemiology' OR 'etiology' OR 'physiology' OR 'physiopathology' OR 'psychology' OR 'therapy'. RESULTS: From a total of 239 citations, 120 studies assessing night eating syndrome met the inclusion criteria to be included in the review. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of night eating syndrome into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 'Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorders' category should drive the attention of clinician and researchers toward this syndrome that is still defined by evolving diagnostic criteria. The correct identification and assessment of NES could facilitate the detection and the diagnosis of this disorder, whose bio-psycho-social roots support its multifactorial nature. The significant rates of comorbid illnesses associated with NES and the overlapping symptoms with other eating disorders require a focused clinical attention. Treatment options for night eating syndrome include both pharmacological (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, topiramate and melatonergic drugs) and non-pharmachological approaches; the combination of such strategies within a multidisciplinary approach should be addressed in future, well-sized and long-term studies.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos , Síndrome de Alimentación Nocturna , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Conducta Alimentaria/psicología , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/diagnóstico , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/epidemiología , Humanos , Hiperfagia/diagnóstico , Hiperfagia/epidemiología , Hiperfagia/psicología , Síndrome de Alimentación Nocturna/epidemiología , Síndrome de Alimentación Nocturna/psicología , Obesidad/psicología
5.
Health Care Women Int ; 43(1-3): 129-141, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34652261

RESUMEN

The authors' purpose in the present study is to examine the role of subthreshold mental disorders as predictors of Postpartum Depression (PPD). 110 pregnancy women were evaluated as follow: the General 5-Spectrum Measure at 26 weeks of gestation; the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at 3/6 months after delivery. Only 4.5% of the sample developed PPD at 3/6 months after delivery. Agoraphobia/panic, depressed mood, social anxiety and eating problems relate positively to PPD at 3/6 months. Early identification of symptoms that could indicate the development of future mood problems in the mother is of crucial importance for mental health and prevention.


Asunto(s)
Depresión Posparto , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión Posparto/diagnóstico , Depresión Posparto/epidemiología , Depresión Posparto/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Madres/psicología , Periodo Posparto , Embarazo , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Factores de Riesgo
6.
Eat Weight Disord ; 27(4): 1269-1278, 2022 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34283409

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Body image is a multidimensional construct that encompasses perceptions about body size, emotions, and cognition about physical appearance. Obese identity is related to body image in the lifetime, and according to scientific literature body image dissatisfaction among obese patient persist after bariatric surgery. The objective of this review is to examine the body image changes in patients with obesity pre-and post-bariatric surgery. METHODS: We have carried out a systematic review of literature on PubMed. Initially, 169 publications have been identified, but in total, in compliance with inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 studies have been analyzed. RESULTS: According to the examined literature, body image does not change after bariatric surgery. These patients will be difficult to adapt for a new body, because there is a persistent obese view of self. Furthermore, ex-obese patients are dissatisfied with the excessive skin after bariatric surgery. Excessive body weight, and negative self-image are replaced with dissatisfaction with excessive skin, and the factors associated with body image stability are still unknown. CONCLUSION: Literature examination raises the issue of body image dissatisfaction, but does not explain why it varies so widely across bariatric patients. Obese identity is related to body image across the lifetime and is an important factor of post-surgical outcomes. Longitudinal studies based on ideal body image pre- and post- bariatric surgery and evidence-based controlled studies on psychotherapeutic treatment for body image dissatisfaction are strongly recommended. Psychotherapy could improve body image quality and wellbeing. LEVEL I: Evidence obtained from: systematic reviews of experimental studies.


Asunto(s)
Cirugía Bariátrica , Obesidad Mórbida , Cirugía Bariátrica/psicología , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Humanos , Obesidad/psicología , Obesidad/cirugía , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Autoimagen , Pérdida de Peso
7.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 57(6)2021 Jun 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34204752

RESUMEN

(1) Background: Halitosis is a frequent condition that affects a large part of the population. It is considered a "social stigma", as it can determine a number of psychological and relationship consequences that affect people's lives. The purpose of this review is to examine the role of psychological factors in the condition of self-perceived halitosis in adolescent subjects and adulthood. (2) Type of studies reviewed: We conducted, by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, systematic research of the literature on PubMed and Scholar. The key terms used were halitosis, halitosis self-perception, psychological factors, breath odor and two terms related to socio-relational consequences ("Halitosis and Social Relationship" OR "Social Issue of Halitosis"). Initial research identified 3008 articles. As a result of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the number of publications was reduced to 38. (3) Results: According to the literature examined, halitosis is a condition that is rarely self-perceived. In general, women have a greater ability to recognize it than men. Several factors can affect the perception of the dental condition, such as socioeconomic status, emotional state and body image. (4) Conclusion and practical implication: Self-perceived halitosis could have a significant impact on the patient's quality of life. Among the most frequent consequences are found anxiety, reduced levels of self-esteem, misinterpretation of other people's attitudes and embarrassment and relational discomfort that often result in social isolation.


Asunto(s)
Halitosis , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Halitosis/etiología , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Calidad de Vida , Autoimagen
8.
J Clin Psychopharmacol ; 40(4): 381-385, 2020.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32639291

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Given the wide implications of cognitive impairment for prognosis and outcome in schizophrenia, the research on pharmacological approaches aimed at addressing dysfunctional cognition has been extensive; nevertheless, there are no currently available licensed drugs, and the evidence in this field is still unimpressive. Vortioxetine is a multimodal antidepressant, which has been proposed as a suitable treatment option for cognitive symptoms in depression. METHODS: Twenty schizophrenia outpatients (mean age ± SD, 40.7 ±10.6 years) on stable clozapine treatment, assessed by neuropsychological (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Verbal Fluency, and Stroop task) and psychodiagnostic instruments (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] and Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia), received vortioxetine at the single daily dose of 10 mg/d until week 12; the dose was increased at 20 mg/d afterward, and this dosage was maintained unchanged until week 24. A physical examination, electrocardiogram with QTc measurement, and laboratory tests were also performed. RESULTS: Vortioxetine supplementation significantly improved Stroop test (P = 0.013) at week 12 and Stroop test (P = 0.031) and Semantic Fluency (P = 0.002) at end point. Moreover, a significantly reduction of PANSS domains "positive" (P = 0.019) at week 12 and of PANSS domains positive (P = 0.019) and total score (P = 0.041) and of depressive symptoms (Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia, P = 0.032) at end point. There was no significant change in clinical, metabolic, and safety parameters, and no subject spontaneously reported adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations (open design, lack of a control group, small sample size, and short intervention period), our findings suggest for the first time that vortioxetine augmentation of clozapine may be a promising therapeutic strategy for addressing cognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia.


Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/complicaciones , Trastornos del Conocimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Vortioxetina/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Antipsicóticos , Clozapina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Proyectos Piloto , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vortioxetina/efectos adversos , Adulto Joven
9.
J Obstet Gynaecol ; 37(4): 428-434, 2017 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28421901

RESUMEN

The present study was aimed to verify if body weight could influence self-perception, in terms of body image, mood states, dissatisfaction with physical appearance and risk of eating disorders. In particular, we evaluated the differences between women of normal weight vs. overweight and obese during the delicate phase of puerperium to verify if there were different emotional structures, linked to BMI. Thirty-two women, 16 normal-weight and 16 overweight or obese, belonging to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University Hospital, were individually interviewed. The Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS) were used for the evaluation. Findings showed that the BMI in puerperium is significantly correlated to mood states and body perception. Furthermore, significant differences emerged in eating attitudes and behaviours, in specific aspects related to the weight gain phobia and the body shape perception, symptoms classically associated with the risk of developing an eating disorder.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno Dismórfico Corporal/psicología , Imagen Corporal/psicología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Trastornos de Alimentación y de la Ingestión de Alimentos/psicología , Obesidad/psicología , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Adulto , Actitud , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Factores de Riesgo , Autoimagen , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
10.
Community Ment Health J ; 52(5): 582-8, 2016 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26399518

RESUMEN

The aim of this study is to investigate the variables shown to be linked to serious suicide attempts. Cases requiring emergency admission to intensive care were collected from medical records of the University Hospital in Messina (Italy) for the years 2006-2010. 107 cases of serious attempted suicide were examined, 39 of which ended in the death of the patient. The results showed the following variables to be linked highly significantly (P < 0.01) and have good nominal association (V > 0.30) with a fatal suicidal attempt: the year of the attempt, deceased father, history of physical illness prior to hospitalization and method used to carry out the suicide attempt. These results confirm the severity and the multidisciplinary importance of this phenomenon.


Asunto(s)
Intento de Suicidio/prevención & control , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Familia/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Intento de Suicidio/psicología , Intento de Suicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven
11.
Compr Psychiatry ; 55(3): 631-8, 2014 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24405775

RESUMEN

Executive cognitive functions (ECFs) and other cognitive impairments, such as lower IQ and verbal deficits, have been associated with the pattern of antisocial and delinquent behavior starting in childhood (early-onset), but not with late-onset antisocial behavior. Beyond objective measures of ECF, basic symptoms are prodromal, subjectively experienced cognitive, perceptual, affective, and social disturbances, associated with a range of psychiatric disorders, mainly with psychosis. The goal of the present study was to examine ECF and basic symptoms in a sample of late-onset juvenile delinquents. Two-hundred nine male adolescents (aged 15-20 years) characterized by a pattern of late-onset delinquent behavior with no antecedents of Conduct Disorder, were consecutively recruited from the Social Services of the Department of Juvenile Justice of the city of Messina (Italy), and compared with nonantisocial controls matched for age, educational level, and socio-demographic features on measures for ECF dysfunction and basic symptoms. Significant differences between late-onset offenders (completers=147) and control group (n=150) were found on ECF and basic symptoms measures. Chi-square analysis showed that a significantly greater number of late-onset offending participants scored in the clinical range on several ECF measures. Executive cognitive impairment, even subtle and subclinical, along with subjective symptoms of cognitive dysfunction (basic symptom), may be contributing factor in the development and persistence of antisocial behaviors displayed by late-onset adolescent delinquents. The findings also suggest the need for additional research aimed to assess a broader range of cognitive abilities and specific vulnerability and risk factors for late-onset adolescent offenders.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/psicología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Función Ejecutiva , Delincuencia Juvenil/psicología , Adolescente , Trastorno de Personalidad Antisocial/complicaciones , Aprendizaje por Asociación , Trastornos del Conocimiento/complicaciones , Trastornos del Conocimiento/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Italia , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Adulto Joven
12.
Minerva Dent Oral Sci ; 73(1): 14-19, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37878239

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Dental anxiety is an excessive and irrational negative emotional state experienced by population; the dental anxiety is common throughout the lifespan and is an obstacle to improving oral health behaviors and outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in dental anxiety and to investigate if oral health impacts patients' Quality of Life and the perception of their body image. METHODS: The sample consisted of 366 subjects selected in Italy and Spain (January 2021-September 2021). For this study, data were gathered using Google Forms (Google LLC, Mountain View, CA, USA). Data were collected including the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS), Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaires and Body Uneasiness Test. RESULTS: Women showed higher scores than men for the dental anxiety. The regression analysis showed that gender, age, and Oral Health Impact are predictors of "dental anxiety." A borderline significance emerges for the independent variable body uneasiness. CONCLUSIONS: The dental anxiety is widespread in the population, with a higher prevalence among women and increases with increasing age. It can negatively affect patients' Quality of Life, well-being, and self-esteem. These results underline the importance of addressing both individual and group strategies for preventing or treating dental anxiety.


Asunto(s)
Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico , Calidad de Vida , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/epidemiología , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/psicología , Imagen Corporal , Factores Sexuales , Italia/epidemiología
13.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 300: 287-295, 2024 Jul 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39053089

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis has been associated with sleep disorders, and hyperarousal appears to be involved in their pathogenesis; however, the presence of hyperarousal in the endometriosis population was never investigated. METHODS: We conducted a case-control survey study by sending a questionnaire to all endometriosis patients followed up at our Centers. Controls were recruited among the general population. The questionnaire included demographic information, symptoms and history of endometriosis, the Hyperarousal Scale (H-Scale), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS: A total of 847 women completed the questionnaires: 430 (50.8 %) had endometriosis, and 417 (49.2 %) were controls. Endometriosis was associated with higher H-scale score (OR 2.9, 95 % CI 2.4-3.8, p = 0.000), higher PSQI score (OR 4.3, 95 % CI 3.2-5.7, p = 0.000), and higher ISI score (OR 4.6, 95 % CI 3.5-6.1, p = 0.000) in multivariable ordinal logistic regressions analysis. With path analysis, hyperarousal (H-Scale) reported a partial mediating role in the association between endometriosis and sleep disorders. The mediation effect represented 22.3-27.8 % of the entire association between endometriosis and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION: Endometriosis patients complaining sleep disorders may benefit by investigating the presence of hyperarousal given cognitive behavioral therapy was reported effective in improving hyperarousal and associated sleep disorders.

14.
J Clin Med ; 13(14)2024 Jul 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39064240

RESUMEN

Background/Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a significant increase in the workloads of healthcare workers (HCWs). The fear of contracting the new virus with the frequent medical consequences has affected their mental health. As a result, they are at high risk of compassion fatigue (CF). In this multicentric study, as a primary objective, we evaluate the incidence and/or prevalence of CF in a cohort of Italian nurses and HCWs (hospital-based clinical social workers of neurological patients) who have contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our secondary aim is to evaluate the difference in experiencing CF between subjects with and without long-term COVID. Methods: In this study, 101 HCWs attending three different neurorehabilitation settings (the Neurorehabilitation Unit of the "Bonino Pulejo" Neurolesi Center of Messina, the Neurorehabilitation Department of Crotone, and the Psychiatric Unit of the University Hospital of Messina) were enrolled from May 2021 to May 2023. Data were collected through self-administered semi-structured interviews. Results: We observed high percentages of CF difficulties in both nurses and HCWs, related to mood alteration in 57.7%, headaches in 44.4%, and fatigue in 62%. Higher percentages were found in individuals with long-term COVID-19, including mood alteration in 93.9%, headache in 88.6%, and memory-related problems in 98.5%. Conclusions: The complexity of a patient's care pathway, especially in chronic disease situations, requires an enormous commitment that can lead to burnout and CF, which should be considered to initiate preventive interventions aimed at helping "those who help", for the well-being of patients, healthcare teams, and healthcare organizations.

15.
Children (Basel) ; 10(6)2023 Jun 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37371313

RESUMEN

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder among school-age children, characterized by persistent behavioral patterns of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. These behaviors can create stress for teachers and negatively affect teacher-student interactions. This study hypothesized that a high frequency of ADHD students in the classroom can increase internal and external entropy, ultimately resulting in a negative stress impact on teachers. The physical concept of entropy, which measures the degree of disorder in a system, was used to better understand this relationship. The study evaluated 177 primary school teachers in their response to interacting with students with ADHD, using the Measurement of Psychological Stress (MPS) to evaluate subjective stress levels and the QUEIs and QUEIp questionnaires to measure structural and personal entropy. Path analysis was applied to identify the factors associated with the total score of MPS. The hypothesis was confirmed, as the frequency of ADHD students had a negative impact on teachers' entropy levels and personal entropy was found to significantly increase stress levels. The study highlights the negative impact of ADHD symptoms on stress levels and personal entropy of teachers when interacting with students with ADHD. These findings suggest the need for interventions aimed at balancing the frequency of students with ADHD and promoting positive training on stress reduction for teacher-student interactions.

16.
Appl Neuropsychol Adult ; : 1-7, 2023 Dec 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38147434

RESUMEN

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of localization-related epilepsy (LRE) and has been extensively studied in the field of neuropsychology due to its significant association with cognitive impairments. Cognitive decline has long been recognized as a consequence of this form of epilepsy, with previous studies primarily focusing on neurophysiological measures. In this study, both neurophysiological and neuropsychological factors were analyzed in TLE patients compared to healthy control subjects. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests were used to assess neuropsychological processes, while cognitive event-related potential (ERPs), particularly P300, were employed to analyze neurophysiological parameters. The study involved 21 TLE patients (mean age = 61.43) and 21 healthy control subjects. The results revealing that TLE patients scored significantly lower, indicating deficits in specific cognitive areas. The study also observed abnormalities in the ERPs, particularly in the assessment of P300 amplitude and latency, that may be indicative of underlying neural dysfunction related to attention and cognitive processing. In conclusion, the study provides compelling evidence of the association between TLE and a high incidence of cognitive deficits and decline. By considering both neurophysiological and neuropsychological factors, the study sheds light on the comprehensive impact of TLE on various cognitive domains and emphasizes the importance of early identification and management of cognitive impairments in TLE patients.

17.
Work ; 75(3): 1001-1007, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36683480

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction, as a multidimensional psychological response to work experience, includes both cognitive and affective components which influence individuals' appraisals and state of minds. In recent years, researchers have begun to explore the psychological processes that might underlie the dispositional causes of job satisfaction. Affective temperaments can influence the experience of emotionally significant events at work and this, in turn, may influence job satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: To investigate possible associations between affective temperamental features and job satisfaction in the health professions. METHODS: The sample consisted of 294 subjects selected among health professionals. Data were collected by an online survey including the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) questionnaire and the short form of the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego (TEMPS-A) questionnaire. RESULTS: Hyperthymic, depressive, irritable and anxious temperaments predicted the risk of experiencing job dissatisfaction in healthcare professionals. No associations between cyclothymic temperament and job satisfaction were found. CONCLUSION: The identification of affective temperamental assets and liabilities is potentially useful in the development of supportive and psycho-educational strategies, aimed at preventing work-related stress and promoting mental health in workplaces, also reducing the risk of job dissatisfaction.


Asunto(s)
Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Temperamento , Humanos , Calidad de Vida , Trastornos del Humor/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Inventario de Personalidad , Empleos en Salud
18.
J Ment Health Policy Econ ; 15(1): 33-41, 2012 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22611091

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Sleep related problems affect approximately 25-40% of children and adolescents. The acquisition of sleep patterns characterised by later bedtimes, insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness is related to poorer school performance, daytime drowsiness, physical tiredness and a higher rate of psychiatric illnesses. Many studies have investigated the correlation between sleep and mood in children and adolescents and overall, show a positive association between sleep problems and psychiatric disorders. However, little is known about adolescents' personal perception of their psychological status as it is linked with the occurrence of mood changes and sleep-related problems. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of the study is to explore the impact of variables such as age, gender, education and the perception of their own psychological status (evaluated through suitable questionnaires) on the simultaneous presence of sleep disturbances and affective symptoms in a sample of adolescents. A positive correlation between these two dependent variables signals the need to intervene with proper support programs. METHODS: A recursive bivariate probit model has been employed. This method allows us to take into account two dependent dummy variables and to consider the relationship between the two, presuming that one may also influence the other. The analysis has been carried out on a sample of 2,005 adolescents out of a total of 4,000 who declared their willingness to be telephonically interviewed using a questionnaire in two parts designed to obtain information about the participants sleep habits and affective symptoms. RESULTS: There is a positive correlation between sadness and daytime drowsiness. The estimated joint probability ranging from 5.5% to 9% in girls demonstrates a greater tendency for girls to experience both depression and altered sleep patterns. DISCUSSION AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Just as sadness is a key symptom of affective disorders, daytime drowsiness indicates the presence of sleep disorders caused by sleep habits that are likely to evolve into affective symptoms. This assumption is confirmed by the results of this analysis. However, since the interviews were conducted during the years 2003 and 2004, a replication of the analysis would outline whether this evidence is still the same or whether changes in habits and behaviours have intervened to modify substantially this pattern in recent years. As the analysis considers a sample of adolescents living in two southern Italian regions, the study should be replicated in other geographical areas. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH CARE PROVISIONS AND USE: The early detection of affective symptoms in adolescents may presumably lead to a diminished use of antidepressants and an improvement in learning abilities and school results along with strengthening of personal motivations. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICIES: Counselling and educational programs directed towards those adolescents demonstrating poor sleep habits should be planned and implemented to avoid further complications and impact on their mental health.


Asunto(s)
Afecto , Trastornos de Somnolencia Excesiva/economía , Trastornos de Somnolencia Excesiva/psicología , Modelos Econométricos , Privación de Sueño/economía , Privación de Sueño/psicología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/economía , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/psicología , Adolescente , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Diagnóstico Precoz , Intervención Médica Temprana/economía , Femenino , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Italia , Masculino , Trastornos del Humor/diagnóstico , Trastornos del Humor/economía , Estadística como Asunto
19.
J Psychoactive Drugs ; 44(5): 359-64, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23457886

RESUMEN

This study investigated the association between drugs and sexual behavior in a sample of polydrug substance abusers recruited from several Italian therapeutic communities; participants were 90 polydrug substance abusers (opiates, cocaine, amphetamine, inhalants, marijuana/sedatives or hallucinogens abusers) who were compared with 90 nonsubstance-abusing individuals. Sexual behavior was measured by the Italian version of the Sex and the Average Woman (or Man; SAWM), a questionnaire that assesses different kind of sexual attitudes. Results showed that drug-abusing individuals are particularly inclined to search for sexual intercourse and are open to different kinds of sexual experiences; however, they have difficulties in establishing committed and deep relationships with their partners, showing signs of inhibition, affective detachment or anger. Their sexual lives are also surrounded by negative emotions, disturbing thoughts and maladjusted behaviors. The importance of integrating sexual problems into therapeutic strategies is discussed.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Sexual/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Trastornos de Adaptación/psicología , Adulto , Agresión , Actitud , Demografía , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Literatura Erótica , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35206177

RESUMEN

The sudden burst of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the work environment in favor of remote working, affecting the perception of work quality, satisfaction and performance. This crisis has also influenced workers' mood, sleep quality and general perception of everyday life. Our main purpose in this study was to give empirical contributions about home office workers experiencing remote working during the pandemic by assessing mood spectrum variations, sleep disturbances and the general impact of pandemic in everyday life. This cross-sectional study was performed between November and December 2020 through an online questionnaire. Participants were office workers performing remote work from workstations settled at home. The questionnaire investigated sociodemographic characteristics, health factors, perception of remote working, mood spectrum, sleep quality and pandemic context perception. The sample consisted of 94 respondents: 63 women and 31 men; the mean age was 50.4 years. Study population showed great satisfaction for remote working performance and online services for video connections. Only one third of the participants reported higher levels of irritability and loneliness and 16% of women complained of nightmares. Most of participants stated that the pandemic importantly affected daily life (85.1%). Half of female subjects with children <18 years stated that children's age influenced their work performance. Since the pandemic is still an ongoing issue, the lesson learnt is that local government actions are needed to assist home office workers through tailored programs to support families. Given the central role of women in childcare, female workers would mainly benefit from social support accordingly to their parental tasks and remote work organization.


Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Rendimiento Laboral , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Sueño , Teletrabajo
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