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Orosomucoid, or alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), is a major acute-phase protein expressed in response to systemic injury and inflammation. AGP has been described as an inhibitor of neutrophil migration on sepsis, particularly its immunomodulation effects. AGP's biological functions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not understood. We sought to investigate the role of AGP in severe COVID-19 infection patients and neutrophils infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological data, AGP levels, and other laboratory parameters were measured in blood samples from 56 subjects hospitalized in the ICU with SARS-CoV-2 infection. To evaluate the role of AGP in NETosis in neutrophils, blood samples from health patients were collected, and neutrophils were separated and infected with SARS-CoV-2. Those neutrophils were treated with AGP or vehicle, and NETosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. AGP was upregulated in severe COVID-19 patients (p<0.05). AGP level was positively correlated with IL-6 and C-reactive protein (respectively, p=0.005, p=0.002) and negatively correlated with lactate (p=0.004). AGP treatment downregulated early and late NETosis (respectively, 35.7% and 43.5%) in neutrophils infected with SARS-CoV-2 and up-regulated IL-6 supernatant culture expression (p<0.0001). Our data showed increased AGP in COVID-19 infection and contributed to NETosis regulation and increased IL-6 production, possibly related to the Cytokine storm in COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Orosomucoide/metabolismo , Orosomucoide/farmacología , SARS-CoV-2 , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/metabolismo , Inmunoproteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has a negative impact on the cytokine profile of pregnant women. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines seem to be correlated with the severity of the disease, in addition to predisposing to miscarriage or premature birth. Proinflammatory cytokines increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is unclear how interleukin-6 (IL-6) found in the circulation of patients with severe COVID-19 might affect gestational health, particularly concerning umbilical cord function. This study tested the hypothesis that IL-6 present in the circulation of women with severe COVID-19 causes umbilical cord artery dysfunction by increasing ROS generation and activating redox-sensitive proteins. Umbilical cord arteries were incubated with serum from healthy women and women with severe COVID-19. Vascular function was assessed using concentration-effect curves to serotonin in the presence or absence of pharmacological agents, such as tocilizumab (antibody against the IL-6 receptor), tiron (ROS scavenger), ML171 (Nox1 inhibitor), and Y27632 (Rho kinase inhibitor). ROS generation was assessed by the dihydroethidine probe and Rho kinase activity by an enzymatic assay. Umbilical arteries exposed to serum from women with severe COVID-19 were hyperreactive to serotonin. This effect was abolished in the presence of tocilizumab, tiron, ML171, and Y27632. In addition, serum from women with severe COVID-19 increased Nox1-dependent ROS generation and Rho kinase activity. Increased Rho kinase activity was abolished by tocilizumab and tiron. Serum cytokines in women with severe COVID-19 promote umbilical artery dysfunction. IL-6 is key to Nox-linked vascular oxidative stress and activation of the Rho kinase pathway.
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COVID-19 , Interleucina-6 , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Sal Disódica del Ácido 1,2-Dihidroxibenceno-3,5-Disulfónico , Arterias/metabolismo , Citocinas , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Quinasas Asociadas a rho , Serotonina , Cordón UmbilicalRESUMEN
Objective: The exposure to some environmental sounds has detrimental effects on health and might affect the performance in cognitive tasks. In this study, we analyze the effect of the neighborhood noises of a baby crying and dogs barking on the autonomic response and cognitive function. Materials and methods: Twenty participants were exposed, in separate sessions, to white noise, a baby crying, a small dog barking, and a large dog barking. During each session, heart rate, skin conductance, reaction times, spatial memory, and mathematical processing measures were taken throughout time. Results: The sounds of a baby crying and dogs barking led to significantly higher heart rates and skin conductance levels as opposed to exposure to white noise. Results were not as consistent with exposure to barking as they were to the baby. Exposure to the baby crying and dogs barking led to faster reaction times, possibly due to a facilitation by the autonomic system activation. No significant effects on spatial memory were found. Conversely, participants performed worse and slower in a mathematical task when exposed to the dog and baby sounds, than when exposed to control noise. Conclusion: Exposure to the sound of crying babies and dogs barking leads to increased sympathetic response and decreased cognitive ability, as compared to exposure to control sounds. Special attention should be paid to the mitigation of exposure to these types of noises.
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Llanto , Ruido , Lactante , Humanos , Perros , Animales , Ruido/efectos adversos , CogniciónRESUMEN
In the present study, the levels of serum and airway soluble chemokines, pro-inflammatory/regulatory cytokines, and growth factors were quantified in critically ill COVID-19 patients (total n=286) at distinct time points (D0, D2-6, D7, D8-13 and D>14-36) upon Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Augmented levels of soluble mediators were observed in serum from COVID-19 patients who progress to death. An opposite profile was observed in tracheal aspirate samples, indicating that systemic and airway microenvironment diverge in their inflammatory milieu. While a bimodal distribution was observed in the serum samples, a unimodal peak around D7 was found for most soluble mediators in tracheal aspirate samples. Systems biology tools further demonstrated that COVID-19 display distinct eccentric soluble mediator networks as compared to controls, with opposite profiles in serum and tracheal aspirates. Regardless the systemic-compartmentalized microenvironment, networks from patients progressing to death were linked to a pro-inflammatory/growth factor-rich, highly integrated center. Conversely, patients evolving to discharge exhibited networks of weak central architecture, with lower number of neighborhood connections and clusters of pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. All in all, this investigation with robust sample size landed a comprehensive snapshot of the systemic and local divergencies composed of distinct immune responses driven by SARS-CoV-2 early on severe COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Enfermedad Crítica , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Systemic manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are related to increased systemic inflammatory process; however, it is not entirely clear how much they are related and how the systemic inflammation, in particular interleukin-6 (IL-6), is associated with exacerbation and mortality risk. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of IL-6 in COPD patients over nine years. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 133 COPD patients were assessed at baseline between 2004 and 2006 and reassessed after three and nine years through clinical evaluation, comorbidities, hematological blood count and IL-6 analysis. RESULTS: After nine years, 19 patients lost the follow-up and were not possible to identify the date of death of four patients; 12 refused to participate and 1 could not be involved due to recurrent exacerbations. Therefore, 33 patients were included in the reassessment after nine years of follow-up and 92 patients were included in the Cox mortality analysis with IL-6 as a time-dependent covariate. Regarding the inflammatory profile, in patients who survived after nine years, there was a significant increase in IL-6 [0.4 (0.2-0.8) vs 5.7 (3.4-11) pg/mL; p < 0.001] and reduction in lymphocyte count [2.1 (1.6-2.4) vs 1.4 (1.2-2.1)10^9/L; p < 0.01] with an increase in the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (2.0 ± 0.7 vs 2.7 ± 1.2; p = 0.003). The Cox mortality model did not show a statistical significance influence of IL-6 assessed during the follow-up. CONCLUSION: There was a progressive increase in IL-6 during the follow-up, however, without influence on mortality.
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Interleucina-6 , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Biomarcadores , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Interleucina-8 , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Eosinophil counts increase during chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation and influence the response to different agents (such as inhaled and systemic corticosteroids), as well as increase the production of other inflammatory cytokines. However, few studies have evaluated the association between peripheral blood eosinophils with mortality rate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between peripheral blood eosinophils and mortality rate in COPD patients over a nine-year period. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This cohort included 133 COPD patients assessed at baseline by spirometry, pulse oximetry (SpO2), complete blood count, body composition, dyspnea intensity [Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC)] and the six-minute distance test (6MWD). The Kaplan-Meier curve followed by a Log rank test was used to evaluate mortality rate related to eosinophil cutoff point categorization. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify the association between eosinophils and mortality with all subjects evaluated at baseline, adjusted for age, gender, mMRC, 6MWT, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and SpO2. RESULTS: Nineteen patients did not complete follow-up and it was not possible to identify the date of death in four others. Therefore, 110 patients were included in the analysis. At baseline, 81% presented ≥150 eosinophil cells and 72% presented ≥2%. We identified a three-fold higher risk of death in those with <2% eosinophils and <150 cells. We did not identify statistical differences when using other cutoff points. CONCLUSION: The decrease in number of peripheral eosinophils, with cutoff points at 2% and 150 cells, may be associated with a higher risk of death in COPD patients over nine years.
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Eosinófilos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función Respiratoria , EspirometríaRESUMEN
Respiratory symptoms are one of COVID-19 manifestations, and the metalloproteinases (MMPs) have essential roles in the lung physiology. We sought to characterize the plasmatic levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) in patients with severe COVID-19 and to investigate an association between plasma MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and clinical outcomes and mortality. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels in plasma from patients with COVID-19 treated in the ICU (COVID-19 group) and Control patients were measured with the zymography. The study groups were matched for age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, and obesity profile. MMP-2 levels were lower and MMP-9 levels were higher in a COVID-19 group (p < 0.0001) compared to Controls. MMP-9 levels in COVID-19 patients were not affected by comorbidity such as hypertension or obesity. MMP-2 levels were affected by hypertension (p < 0.05), but unaffected by obesity status. Notably, hypertensive COVID-19 patients had higher MMP-2 levels compared to the non-hypertensive COVID-19 group, albeit still lower than Controls (p < 0.05). No association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 plasmatic levels and corticosteroid treatment or acute kidney injury was found in COVID-19 patients. The survival analysis showed that COVID-19 mortality was associated with increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels. Age, hypertension, BMI, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 were better predictors of mortality during hospitalization than SAPS3 and SOFA scores at hospital admission. In conclusion, a significant association between MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels and COVID-19 was found. Notably, MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels predicted the risk of in-hospital death suggesting possible pathophysiologic and prognostic roles.
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COVID-19 , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Hipertensión , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/sangre , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/mortalidad , COVID-19/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Masculino , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/análisis , Metaloproteinasa 2 de la Matriz/sangre , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/análisis , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Factores de Riesgo , SARS-CoV-2 , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Acute exacerbation is an important factor for a worse prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It promotes the increase of the inflammatory process and worsens quality of life, lung function, and muscle weakness. It is believed that physical exercise performed during the exacerbation breaks the vicious cycle of systemic manifestations without an increase in the inflammatory process. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of short-term aerobic physical exercise during hospitalization on inflammatory markers. Patients and Methods. 26 patients were evaluated (69.2% female, FEV 137.5 ± 12.9%, and age 68.4 ± 11.6 years) 24 hours after hospitalization for smoking history, Charlson index, quality of life, systemic inflammatory markers, and body composition. After 48 hours of hospitalization, all patients underwent a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and a new spirometry test, and BODE index was calculated. After 72 hours of hospitalization, patients in the intervention group underwent aerobic exercise on a treadmill for 15 minutes twice daily; before and after the aerobic exercise, blood samples were collected for evaluation of inflammatory markers. Finally, a month after hospital discharge, all patients were reevaluated according to systemic inflammatory markers, quality of life, body composition, spirometry, 6MWT, and BODE index. RESULTS: Patients of both groups did not differ in severity of disease and general characteristics. The intervention group did not show worsening in the inflammatory process after aerobic activity: TNF-α from 1.19 (0 99-1.71) to 1.21 (0.77-1.53) (p = 0.58), IL-6 from 2.41 (2.02-0.58) to 2.66 (1.69-0.48) (p = 0.21), and CRP from 3.88 (2.26-8.04) to 4.07 (2.65-13.3) (p = 0.56). There was a negative correlation between the IL-6 marker and the 6MWT; that is, with the reduction in inflammatory levels, there was an improvement in exercise capacity one month after hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the aerobic physical activity initiated during hospitalization in patients with exacerbated COPD did not worsen the inflammatory process.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: COPD is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world; however, the most varied amounts of clinical and laboratory characteristics acts in different ways in the mortality among over time. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the predictors of mortality in patients with COPD after 9 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirty-three patients with COPD were assessed at baseline by spirometry, pulse oximetry (SpO2), body composition, intensity of dyspnea, distance walked in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). RESULTS: After 9 years, it was not possible to identify the lifetime of 4 patients who died and of 19 patients who stopped follow-up; thus, 110 patients were included in the analysis of predictors of mortality (67% male, 65±9 years old, and FEV1: 52.5 [40%-73%]). Male sex, age, SpO2, Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE) index, and frequency of exacerbations in the first 3 years of follow-up were considered in the model. Patients classified at baseline with BODE class 2 (HR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.36-5.04; P=0.004), BODE class 3 (HR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.15-5.61; P=0.02), and BODE class 4 (HR: 15.35, 95% CI: 3.11-75.75; P=0.001) showed increased risk of death compared to those with BODE class 1. The CCI (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.00-1.68; P=0.04) and the number of exacerbations in the first 3 years (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00-1.76; P=0.04) also showed increased risk of death. By replacing the BODE index for the variables that compose it, those with body mass index ≤21 kg/m2 showed increased risk of death compared to those with body mass index (BMI)>21 kg/m2 (HR: 2.70, 95% CI: 1.38-5.25; P=0.003). CONCLUSION: After 9 years, we identified that those with high BODE index, greater CCI, greater frequency of exacerbations in the first 3 years, and BMI ≤21 kg/m2 showed increased risk of death.
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Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas , Disnea , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Anciano , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/diagnóstico , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/etiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil/epidemiología , Disnea/diagnóstico , Disnea/etiología , Tolerancia al Ejercicio , Femenino , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mortalidad , Oximetría/métodos , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/mortalidad , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Espirometría/métodos , Prueba de Paso/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of adherence to long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) on quality of life, dyspnea, and exercise capacity in patients with COPD and exertional hypoxemia followed for one year. METHODS: Patients experiencing severe hypoxemia during a six-minute walk test (6MWT) performed while breathing room air but not at rest were included in the study. At baseline and after one year of follow-up, all patients were assessed for comorbidities, body composition, SpO2, and dyspnea, as well as for anxiety and depression, having also undergone spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, and the 6MWT with supplemental oxygen. The Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used in order to assess quality of life, and the Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE) index was calculated. The frequency of exacerbations and the mortality rate were noted. Treatment nonadherence was defined as LTOT use for < 12 h per day or no LTOT use during exercise. RESULTS: A total of 60 patients with COPD and exertional hypoxemia were included in the study. Of those, 10 died and 11 experienced severe hypoxemia during follow-up, 39 patients therefore being included in the final analysis. Of those, only 18 (46.1%) were adherent to LTOT, showing better SGRQ scores, higher SpO2 values, and lower PaCO2 values than did nonadherent patients. In all patients, SaO2, the six-minute walk distance, and the BODE index worsened after one year. There were no differences between the proportions of adherence to LTOT at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life appears to be lower in patients with COPD and exertional hypoxemia who do not adhere to LTOT than in those who do. In addition, LTOT appears to have a beneficial effect on COPD symptoms (as assessed by SGRQ scores). (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - ReBEC; identification number RBR-9b4v63 [http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br]).
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Disnea/fisiopatología , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/terapia , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento , Anciano , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oximetría , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Calidad de Vida , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Espirometría , Factores de Tiempo , Prueba de PasoRESUMEN
Introduction. Aerobic exercise performed after hospital discharge for exacerbated COPD patients is already recommended to improve respiratory and skeletal muscle strength, increase tolerance to activity, and reduce the sensation of dyspnea. Previous studies have shown that anaerobic activity can clinically benefit patients hospitalized with exacerbated COPD. However, there is little information on the feasibility and safety of aerobic physical activity performed by patients with exacerbated COPD during hospitalization. Objective. To evaluate the effects of aerobic exercise on vital signs in hospitalized patients with exacerbated COPD. Patients and Methods. Eleven COPD patients (63% female, FEV1: 34.2 ± 13.9% and age: 65 ± 11 years) agreed to participate. Aerobic exercise was initiated 72 hours after admission on a treadmill; speed was obtained from the distance covered in a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Vital signs were assessed before and after exercise. Results. During the activity systolic blood pressure increased from 125.2 ± 13.6 to 135.8 ± 15.0 mmHg (p = 0.004) and respiratory rate from 20.9 ± 4.4 to 24.2 ± 4.5 rpm (p = 0.008) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) decreased from 93.8 ± 2.3 to 88.5 ± 5.7% (p < 0.001). Aerobic activity was considered intense, heart rate ranged from 99.2 ± 11.5 to 119.1 ± 11.1 bpm at the end of exercise (p = 0.092), and patients reached on average 76% of maximum heart rate. Conclusion. Aerobic exercise conducted after 72 hours of hospitalization in patients with exacerbated COPD appears to be safe.
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Ejercicio Físico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Anciano , Femenino , Hospitalización , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The effects of tobacco smoke, mild/moderate COPD disease and their combined effect on health status (HS), body composition (BC), and exercise capacity (EC) impairment are still unclear. We hypothesized that smoking and early COPD have a joint negative influence on these outcomes. We evaluated 32 smokers (smoking history >10 pack/years), 32 mild/moderate COPD (current smokers or former smokers), and 32 never smokers. All individuals underwent medical and smoking status evaluations, pre and post-bronchodilator spirometry, BC [fat-free mass (FFM) and FFM index (FFMI)], EC [six-minute walk distance (6MWD)] and HS [Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36)]. FFM (p = 0.02) and FFMI (p = 0.008) were lower in COPD than never smokers. 6MWT, as a percentage of reference values for the Brazilian population, was lower in COPD and smokers than never smokers (p = 0.01). Smokers showed worse SF-36 score for functional capacity than never smokers (p<0.001). SF-36 score for physical functioning (p<0.001) and role-emotional (p<0.001) were impaired in COPD patients than smokers. SF-36 scores for physical functioning (p<0.001), role-physical (p = 0.01), bodily pain (p = 0.01), vitality (p = 0.04) and role-emotional (p<0.001) were lower in COPD than never smokers. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that both COPD diagnosis and smoking were inversely associated with FFMI, 6MWD and HS. Smoking and early COPD have a joint negative influence on body composition, exercise capacity and health status.
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Tolerancia al Ejercicio , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Fumar/fisiopatología , Prueba de Paso/métodos , Anciano , Composición Corporal , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , EspirometríaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the impact of adherence to long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) on quality of life, dyspnea, and exercise capacity in patients with COPD and exertional hypoxemia followed for one year. Methods: Patients experiencing severe hypoxemia during a six-minute walk test (6MWT) performed while breathing room air but not at rest were included in the study. At baseline and after one year of follow-up, all patients were assessed for comorbidities, body composition, SpO2, and dyspnea, as well as for anxiety and depression, having also undergone spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis, and the 6MWT with supplemental oxygen. The Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) was used in order to assess quality of life, and the Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE) index was calculated. The frequency of exacerbations and the mortality rate were noted. Treatment nonadherence was defined as LTOT use for < 12 h per day or no LTOT use during exercise. Results: A total of 60 patients with COPD and exertional hypoxemia were included in the study. Of those, 10 died and 11 experienced severe hypoxemia during follow-up, 39 patients therefore being included in the final analysis. Of those, only 18 (46.1%) were adherent to LTOT, showing better SGRQ scores, higher SpO2 values, and lower PaCO2 values than did nonadherent patients. In all patients, SaO2, the six-minute walk distance, and the BODE index worsened after one year. There were no differences between the proportions of adherence to LTOT at 3 and 12 months of follow-up. Conclusions: Quality of life appears to be lower in patients with COPD and exertional hypoxemia who do not adhere to LTOT than in those who do. In addition, LTOT appears to have a beneficial effect on COPD symptoms (as assessed by SGRQ scores). (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - ReBEC; identification number RBR-9b4v63 [http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br])
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar o impacto da adesão à oxigenoterapia de longa duração (OLD) na qualidade de vida, dispneia e capacidade de exercício em pacientes com DPOC e hipoxemia decorrente do esforço acompanhados durante um ano. Métodos: Foram incluídos no estudo pacientes que apresentaram hipoxemia grave durante um teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) realizado enquanto respiravam ar ambiente, mas não em repouso. No início e após um ano de acompanhamento, todos os pacientes foram avaliados quanto a comorbidades, composição corporal, SpO2 e dispneia, bem como quanto a ansiedade e depressão, além de terem sido submetidos a espirometria, gasometria arterial e TC6 com oxigênio suplementar. O Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) foi usado para avaliar a qualidade de vida, e o índice Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity (BODE; índice de massa corporal, obstrução do fluxo aéreo, dispneia e capacidade de exercício) foi calculado. A frequência de exacerbações e a taxa de mortalidade foram registradas. Usar OLD durante < 12 h por dia ou não usar OLD durante o exercício caracterizaram não adesão ao tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 60 pacientes com DPOC e hipoxemia decorrente do esforço. Destes, 10 morreram e 11 apresentaram hipoxemia grave durante o acompanhamento; portanto, foram incluídos na análise final 39 pacientes. Destes, apenas 18 (46,1%) aderiram à OLD, apresentando melhor pontuação no SGRQ, maior SpO2 e menor PaCO2 do que os pacientes que não aderiram à OLD. Em todos os pacientes, a SaO2, a distância percorrida no TC6 e o índice BODE pioraram após um ano. Não houve diferenças entre as proporções de adesão à OLD aos 3 e 12 meses de acompanhamento. Conclusões: A qualidade de vida parece ser menor em pacientes com DPOC e hipoxemia decorrente do esforço que não aderem à OLD do que naqueles que o fazem. Além disso, a OLD parece ter efeito benéfico nos sintomas da DPOC (avaliados pela pontuação obtida no SGRQ). (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos - ReBEC; número de identificação RBR- 9b4v63 [http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br])
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/terapia , Disnea/fisiopatología , Esfuerzo Físico/fisiología , Cumplimiento y Adherencia al Tratamiento , Hipoxia/fisiopatología , Calidad de Vida , Espirometría , Factores de Tiempo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre , Oximetría , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/fisiopatología , Prueba de PasoRESUMEN
Background: The objective of the study is to evaluate the influence of serum vitamin D concentrations and smoking status in cardiac structure and function. Methods: The participants of this study were healthy women smokers (n = 18, mean age 52.8 years), ex-smokers ( n = 18, mean age 51.7 years), and never smokers ( n = 19, mean age 44.4 years). All participants underwent assessment of body composition, dietary intake, sun exposure frequency, vitamin D serum determination, and echocardiographic assessment. All data underwent statistical analysis. Results: The three groups were classified as overweight. The group of ex-smokers showed significantly higher vitamin D serum concentrations. Smoker group showed a higher posterior wall thickness (PW), left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI). We identified positive correlations between LVMI and smoking history, PW and vitamin D serum, and body mass index and time of smoking history. Multiple linear regressions showed positive association of smoking history and LVMI and PW, also that serum vitamin D has a positive association with PW. PW was associated with smoking history and serum vitamin D, showing a deleterious effect on the heart of both variables. Conclusions: Smoking habit in adult women was associated with cardiac remodeling, and excess of vitamin Dis associated with the action of smoking on cardiac variables. Thus, higher serum vitamin D values have a deleterious effect on the heart in this model.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cardiomiopatías/prevención & control , Fumar/efectos adversos , Vitamina D/análisis , Vitamina D/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A insuficiência respiratória costuma estar presente no quadro clínico de pacientes com doença pulmonar avançada, como a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI) e hipertensão pulmonar (HP). A oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP) faz parte do tratamento e está associado no controle da progressão da doença e na sobrevida. Entretanto, há poucos dados na literatura sobre o efeito da ODP na evolução da doença em pacientes de diversas patologias pulmonares e que apresentam hipoxemia arterial transitória ao esforço. Avaliar as características evolutivas de pacientes de diversas patologias pulmonares e portadores de hipoxemia transitória ao esforço que utilizam ODP durante o sono e aos esforços no período de um ano. Foram acompanhados 60 pacientes com DPOC, 16 com DPI e 15 com HP. A hipoxemia transitória ao esforço foi confirmada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e pela gasometria arterial em repouso. Para todos os pacientes foi indicada suplementação de ODP 0,5L/min por 12h/dia que incluísse os períodos de esforço e durante o sono. No momento basal e após um ano os pacientes foram avaliados em relação aos fármacos pulmonares utilizados, a comorbidades pelo índice de Charlson, a composição corporal, a espirometria, a oximetria de pulso (SpO2), a gasometria arterial, hemograma, a qualidade de vida através do questionário de qualidade de vida na doença respiratória do Hospital Saint George (SGRQ), o índice de dispneia pelo índice basal de dispneia (BDI) e Medical Research Council Modificado (MMRC), escore de ansiedade e depressão, TC6 com suplementação de ODP, aderência ao tratamento, frequência de exacerbação e óbitos. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, comparação entre os momentos nos pacientes que mantiveram hipoxemia transitória ao esforço e suas associações dos grupos de DPOC, DPI e HP...
Respiratory failure is usually present in clinical status of patients with advanced lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Long Term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) as part of the treatment and is associated with control of disease progression and survival. However, there are little data in the literature about the effect of the LTOT in disease progression in patients with chronic lung diseases and exertional desaturation. Evaluate the influence of LTOT used during sleep and exertion in characteristics of patients with chronic lung diseases and exertional desaturation followed for one year. We evaluated 60 patients with COPD, 16 with ILD and 15 with PH. The exertional desaturation was confirmed by the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the room air arterial blood gases. All patients received a recommendation to use 0.5 L/min during 12h/day of LTOT, including sleep and exertion periods. At baseline and after one year we assessed pulmonary pharmacological treatment, adherence to treatment, comorbidities by the Charlson index, body composition, spirometry, pulse oximetry (SpO2), arterial blood gas analysis, CBC, 6MWT supplemented with LTOT, Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), dyspnea sensation according to baseline dyspnea index (BDI) and the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC), score of anxiety and depression, frequency of exacerbation and mortality rate. We performed descriptive analysis of data comparing the moments of patients who presented stable exertional desaturation according to the group (COPD, ILD and PH patients). We compared groups according to the presence of stable exertional desaturation or severe hypoxemia and death. 39 patients with COPD, 11 with ILD and 11 with PH showed stable exertional desaturation...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Atención Domiciliaria de Salud , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Terapia por Inhalación de Oxígeno , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Insuficiencia RespiratoriaRESUMEN
A insuficiência respiratória costuma estar presente no quadro clínico de pacientes com doença pulmonar avançada, como a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), doença pulmonar intersticial (DPI) e hipertensão pulmonar (HP). A oxigenoterapia domiciliar prolongada (ODP) faz parte do tratamento e está associado no controle da progressão da doença e na sobrevida. Entretanto, há poucos dados na literatura sobre o efeito da ODP na evolução da doença em pacientes de diversas patologias pulmonares e que apresentam hipoxemia arterial transitória ao esforço. Avaliar as características evolutivas de pacientes de diversas patologias pulmonares e portadores de hipoxemia transitória ao esforço que utilizam ODP durante o sono e aos esforços no período de um ano. Foram acompanhados 60 pacientes com DPOC, 16 com DPI e 15 com HP. A hipoxemia transitória ao esforço foi confirmada pelo teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) e pela gasometria arterial em repouso. Para todos os pacientes foi indicada suplementação de ODP 0,5L/min por 12h/dia que incluísse os períodos de esforço e durante o sono. No momento basal e após um ano os pacientes foram avaliados em relação aos fármacos pulmonares utilizados, a comorbidades pelo índice de Charlson, a composição corporal, a espirometria, a oximetria de pulso (SpO2), a gasometria arterial, hemograma, a qualidade de vida através do questionário de qualidade de vida na doença respiratória do Hospital Saint George (SGRQ), o índice de dispneia pelo índice basal de dispneia (BDI) e Medical Research Council Modificado (MMRC), escore de ansiedade e depressão, TC6 com suplementação de ODP, aderência ao tratamento, frequência de exacerbação e óbitos. Foi realizada a análise descritiva dos dados, comparação entre os momentos nos pacientes que mantiveram hipoxemia transitória ao esforço e suas associações dos grupos de DPOC, DPI e HP...
Respiratory failure is usually present in clinical status of patients with advanced lung disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Long Term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) as part of the treatment and is associated with control of disease progression and survival. However, there are little data in the literature about the effect of the LTOT in disease progression in patients with chronic lung diseases and exertional desaturation. Evaluate the influence of LTOT used during sleep and exertion in characteristics of patients with chronic lung diseases and exertional desaturation followed for one year. We evaluated 60 patients with COPD, 16 with ILD and 15 with PH. The exertional desaturation was confirmed by the six-minute walk test (6MWT) and the room air arterial blood gases. All patients received a recommendation to use 0.5 L/min during 12h/day of LTOT, including sleep and exertion periods. At baseline and after one year we assessed pulmonary pharmacological treatment, adherence to treatment, comorbidities by the Charlson index, body composition, spirometry, pulse oximetry (SpO2), arterial blood gas analysis, CBC, 6MWT supplemented with LTOT, Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), dyspnea sensation according to baseline dyspnea index (BDI) and the Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC), score of anxiety and depression, frequency of exacerbation and mortality rate. We performed descriptive analysis of data comparing the moments of patients who presented stable exertional desaturation according to the group (COPD, ILD and PH patients). We compared groups according to the presence of stable exertional desaturation or severe hypoxemia and death. 39 patients with COPD, 11 with ILD and 11 with PH showed stable exertional desaturation...