A non-pregnant woman with elevated beta-HCG: A rare case of ovarian seminoma.

INTRODUCTION: Ovarian seminoma is a rare germ cell tumor that typically affects young women. Early diagnosis of malignant tumors, although difficult due to mild symptoms, is crucial for a better prognosis. Here we report the case of a 15-year-old female patient with a large malignant ovarian dysgerminoma to provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of this pathology and to help practitioners make an early diagnosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old patient with no significant past medical history presented to the Obstetrics and Gynecology emergency D in Tunisia with subacute abdominal pain, fever, and unexplained weight loss. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a large, solid ovarian mass with elevated CA-125 levels, and the patient subsequently underwent right adnexectomy with peritoneal cytology. Histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis of dysgerminoma with peritoneal involvement, resulting in a FIGO IC and TNM T1C classification, and the patient received fertility-sparing polychemotherapy with satisfactory progression. DISCUSSION: Ovarian seminoma mainly affects young women and can be associated with a variety of risk factors. Clinical signs are variable and can be difficult to detect at an early stage. Imaging techniques can help with diagnosis. Tumor markers may be elevated, but histological confirmation is needed. Treatment usually consists of a combination of surgery and chemotherapy, with good long-term survival rates. CONCLUSION: Seminomas are rare tumors and early detection is crucial for a better prognosis. This requires close attention to risk factors and regular gynecological examinations from an early age in patients with these risk factors.

Secondary postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine scar dehiscence, a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Secondary postpartum hemorrhage is rare. The most common cause is retained placenta. Having a uterine scar dehiscence as an etiology is unusual. Complete dehiscence of the uterine scar is even rarer. This rare but serious cause of post-partum haemorrhage can be potentially life threatening due to severe hemorrhage if not managed in adequate time. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a 35-year-old patient, gravida 2 para 2. She had undergone two caesarean sections in our department and, after the last one in March 2021, she presented twice to our emergency department with relatively abundant metrorrhagia, but neither the clinical nor the radiological examinations revealed any abnormalities. At 43 days postpartum, she presented to the emergency with severe bleeding per vaginum. The bleeding was profuse, causing hemodynamic instability and severe acute anaemia. An explorative laparotomy was necessary to diagnose the etiology and manage the treatment. Surgical exploration revealed a lateral uterine rupture in the broad ligament and complete dislocation of the caesarean scar. An urgent hysterectomy was performed. DISCUSSION: Partial or complete dehiscence of the hysterorrhoea is a rare cause of secondary postpartum hemorrhage after caesarean section. When hysterorrhaphy dehiscence does occur, the origin of the bleeding is likely to be related to erosion of the vessels at the incision angles. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of partial or complete dehiscence of the uterine scar may be misleading in the absence of specific clinical or radiological signs. This condition must therefore be considered and suspected in cases of secondary postpartum hemorrhage.

The pentalogy of Cantrell: A rare and challenging prenatal diagnosis.

INTRODUCTION: The sternum, pericardium, diaphragm, abdominal wall, and heart are all affected by the unusual congenital condition known as Cantrell pentalogy. It is a rare congenital disorder that requires multidisciplinary care. Early diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial for improving outcomes in affected individuals. To illustrate the difficulties and complexity of Cantrell pentalogy, we provide two cases. PRESENTATION OF CASE: In case 1, a routine antenatal scan at 12 weeks' gestation revealed thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis in a 29-year-old woman. The pregnancy was terminated medically due to the severity of the anomalies and the poor prognosis. A 32-year-old patient in case 2 had a diaphragmatic hernia, thoracoabdominal ectopia cordis and midline abdominal wall abnormalities. After counselling, a medical termination was chosen. The ultra-sonographic features were confirmed by autopsy results in 2 cases. DISCUSSION: Early diagnosis is feasible in the first trimester if ectopia cordis and omphalocele exist. Additionally, development in ultrasound technology provides us with better visualization and early diagnosis. With patients who have fully developed Cantrell syndrome and those who also have accompanying anomalies, the prognosis is often poor, with short survival and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Cantrell pentalogy is a rather uncommon congenital condition. Early detection is possible in the first trimester. The severity of the illness varies greatly, and treatment is determined by the precise abnormalities present. Early diagnosis necessitates adequate initial training as well as ongoing in-service training for sonographers. Early detection and treatment are critical for improving outcomes in affected persons.