[Results of nonunion treatment with bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7)]. / Ergebnisse der Pseudarthrosenbehandlung mit "bone morphogenetic protein 7" (BMP-7).

BACKGROUND: Complex patterns of impaired bone healing can result in a severe economic and social burden for the patient. Herein we describe the local application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7). The goal of this prospective study is to review the indications, application and validation of this therapy. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From June 2002 to June 2008, we applied 101 BMP-7 treatments in 101 nonunions of 98 patients. The average age of the patients was 50 years (18-88 years). The gender composition was 29 women (30%) and 69 men (70%). Before BMP-7 application, patients had already underwent surgical treatement an average of 3.3 times (median 3, 1- to 13-times). We used BMP-7 "off-label" in all long bones. RESULTS: In 93 cases (92%), we observed proper bone healing. The average healing time was 4.8 months (range 1.5-11 months). The average time from injury to BMP-7 application was 18.4 months (3-84 months). In 65 cases, BMP-7 application was combined with re-osteosynthesis and autologous bone grafting. Serious side effects were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: BMP-7 should not be used as general treatment of nonunion in all patients, but appears to be effective for the treatment of complex cases. In clinical practice, the decision to proceed with off-label use of BMP-7 should be made on a case-by-case basis.

[Arthrodesis of the elbow joint. Indications, surgical technique and clinical results]. / Ellenbogengelenkarthrodese. Indikation, Operationsverfahren und klinische Ergebnisse.

Arthrodesis of the elbow joint (EA) is a rare salvage procedure which is disliked by both surgeons and patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the indications, the operation techniques and the outcome of EA in patients treated at our clinic. Between January 1997 and December 2005 a total of 20 patients with a mean age of 55 years (range 27-85 years) were treated with EA at our clinic. In 18 patients a compression plate was used as surgical technique. In 18 out of the 20 patients the operation was performed post-traumatically after infection, bone and tissue defects and painful loss of motion. Of these patients, 16 could be followed up for an average time of 66 months. The outcome was evaluated based on the degree of pain, range of motion, radiographic findings and grip strength measured with the Jamar dynamometer. All patients had a solid and fused EA, the average angle was 89 degrees (range 80-110 degrees) and the grip strength was reduced by 27% compared to the unaffected side. The patients achieved 56 points in the Morrey score, 38.29 points in the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand) score and 80 points in the Constant-Murley score. The indication of EA depends on several factors, therefore it is essential to take the patients' functional requirements into consideration and the best arthrodesis angle should be validated pre-operatively. In these cases the patients can regain good grip strength and a high level of stability within defined functional limitations.