The potential protective effect of Camellia Sinensis in mitigating monosodium glutamate-induced neurotoxicity: biochemical and histological study in male albino rats.

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is the sodium compound derived from glutamic acid. Excessive daily ingestion of MSG leads to elevated amounts of glutamic acid in the bloodstream, which can be detrimental to brain structures. Camellia sinensis, often known as green tea (GT), is a rich source of essential hexogen antioxidants that are necessary for the body. Thirty-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8). Group 1 served as a control -ve group. Group 2 was given GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). Group 3 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was given MSG (600 mg/kg/day) and GT (1.5 ml/rat/day). All treatments were given orally for 28 days. MSG administration resulted in significant neurotoxicity in rats that was revealed by the significant reduction of serum concentration of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and nitric oxide (NO), and the significant elevation of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) accompanied by the significant reduction of levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine) and histological changes in the hippocampus area CA1, dentate gyrus, and cerebellar cortex and positive immunohistochemical staining of glial fibrillary acidic proteins (GFAP) and calretinin. Administration of GT with MSG counteracted the MSG-mediated oxidative stress by significantly increasing serum concentrations of GPX and NO and significantly decreasing concentrations of TAC. Furthermore, GT significantly increased levels of serum monoamines (dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine). Moreover, it ameliorated the histological changes, GFAP, and calretinin immunostaining in brain tissues. It is envisaged that GT will serve as a viable protective choice for the inclusion of the neurotoxicity treatment procedure.

"You're Not Alone": How Adolescents Share Dysmenorrhea Experiences Through Vlogs.

Many adolescents experience severe pain during menstruation, yet their attempts to receive medical attention to alleviate or manage this pain are often met with dismissal or disbelief. In light of these barriers to care, many adolescents turn to social media to share their experiences with menstruation and pain, as well as hear from other members of their community. In this study, we investigated how adolescents present their experiences with menstruation in vlogs (or "video blogs"). Using critical qualitative methods and a four-column analysis structure, we transcribed and thematically analyzed the audio and video content of 17 YouTube vlogs wherein adolescents described their experiences with menstrual pain. We found that stylistically, the vloggers modulated between a polished documentary style and an intimate storytime style of video production. We additionally found that vloggers spoke about their menstrual pain experiences from three perspectives: as a Patient managing and diagnosing physical symptoms, as a Self considering how the pain affects their life and ambitions, and as a Teacher educating their audience. Considering both the visual and audio data, we discuss how healthcare providers can use these findings to inform their approach to discussing menstrual pain with adolescents. We further discuss possible future directions for research into health story sharing on social media.

Evaluation of the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV) time series as predictors of diagnosis and prognosis of hemotoxic snakebite.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the predictive value of NLR, PLR, and MPV time series for diagnosis and prognosis of hemotoxic snakebite envenomation. METHODS: This is a prospective study among snakebite patients admitted to the Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals and Assiut University Hospitals from the beginning of July 2019 to the end of October 2021. Patients were classified according to their clinical severity into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. RESULTS: The maximum incidence of snakebite was found in males (95%) from rural areas (80%); at lower limbs (70%); at night (51%); and during the autumn season (43.3%). The admission NLR and PLR can predict hemotoxic snakebite envenomation with an AUC of 0.940 and 0.569. The combination of NLR with PLR can develop a more predominant prediction of snakebite envenomation with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.979. Furthermore, higher admission NLR and PLR levels are associated with prolonged hospital stays. CONCLUSION: While NLR and PLR levels may be helpful in the diagnosis of snakebite, MPV plays no part in the prognosis of snakebite patients. Serial NLR, PLR initially, at 24 hours, and predischarge can be used to evaluate the early treatment response.