RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study was aimed to evaluate distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in a large series of Russian lung cancer (LC) patients. METHODS: 10,607 LC samples were considered for EGFR analysis; EGFR status was successfully determined in 10,426 cases (98.3 %), indicating relatively low failure rate. RESULTS: EGFR mutations (ex19del and L858R) were detected in 1759/8716 (20.2 %) adenocarcinomas, 28/669 (4.2 %) squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and 8/119 (6.7 %) large cell carcinomas. The occurrence of EGFR mutations in adenocarcinomas gradually increased with age, being attributed mainly to the increment of the L858R frequency in non-smokers (patients aged 18-30 years: 1/27 (3.7 %); 31-40 years: 5/98 (5.1 %); 41-50 years: 18/276 (6.5 %); 51-60 years: 102/944 (10.8 %); 61-70 years: 138/1011 (13.7 %); 71-80 years: 85/496 (17.1 %); 81-100 years: 5/27 (18.5 %); p < 0.0001). The EGFR mutation was detected in 804/2107 (38.2 %) non-smoking women versus 125/806 (15.5 %) non-smoking men (p < 0.0001), while the corresponding figures for smokers were 60/273 (22.0 %) versus 147/2214 (6.6 %) (p < 0.0001). The obtained gender-related data differ from the estimates obtained in Asian studies; they indicate that increased prevalence of EGFR mutations in white females may not be entirely attributed to the low prevalence of smoking, but is likely to be related to gender factors per se. CONCLUSION: Biological causes of distinct age- and gender-related distribution of EGFR mutations in LC deserve further investigation.