Disorders of Sex Development and Malignant Germ Cell Tumors.

A woman, aged 44 years, presented at the general oncology outpatient clinic with bloating, abdominal pain, and significant unintended weight loss. Her past medical history included a bilateral inguinal hernia surgical repair at age 6, and primary amenorrhea since age 15. The patient never underwent additional studies to identify the cause of the primary amenorrhea.

[Mn(III)4Ln(III)4] calix[4]arene clusters as enhanced magnetic coolers and molecular magnets.

The use of methylene-bridged calix[4]arenes in 3d/4f chemistry produces a family of clusters of general formula [Mn(III)(4)Ln(III)(4)(OH)(4)(C4)(4)(NO(3))(2)(DMF)(6)(H(2)O)(6)](OH)(2) (where C4 = calix[4]arene; Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy (3)). The molecular structure describes a square of Ln(III) ions housed within a square of Mn(III) ions. Magnetic studies reveal that 1 has a large number of molecular spin states that are populated even at the lowest investigated temperatures, while the ferromagnetic limit S = 22 is being approached only at the highest applied fields. This, combined with the high magnetic isotropy, makes the complex an excellent magnetic refrigerant for low-temperature applications. Replacement of the isotropic Gd(III) ions with the anisotropic Tb(III) and Dy(III) ions "switches" the magnetic properties of the cluster so that 2 and 3 behave as low-temperature molecular magnets, displaying slow relaxation of the magnetization.

A Novel GMPPA Mutation in Two Adult Sisters with Achalasia, Alacrima, Short Stature, Dysmorphism, and Intellectual Disability.

The alacrima, achalasia, and mental retardation syndrome (AAMR) is a newly described autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the onset of these 3 main features at birth or in early infancy. At present, only 16 cases have been reported. Recently, it was shown that AAMR is due to mutations in the guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-mannose pyrophosphorylase A (GMPPA) gene. These mutations induce a significant GDP-mannose overload, which may affect protein glycosylation. Herein, for the first time, we describe 2 adult sisters with AAMR with a previously not reported deleterious homozygous missense mutation c.1118G>C (p.Arg373Pro) in the GMPPA gene, born to healthy consanguineous heterozygous parents from an ancient endogamous population. The main symptoms in both sisters started soon after birth with achalasia and feeding difficulties, requiring surgical treatment. Both sisters showed alacrima identified during the first months of life, delayed psychomotor development, speech delay, facial dysmorphism, limb defects, short stature, and moderate intellectual disability. Alacrima and feeding difficulties due to achalasia during the neonatal period or first months of life, in the absence of adrenal cortical insufficiency, should spur to investigate AAMR by sequencing the GMPPA gene.

A rare case of gonadal agenesis with paramesonephric derivatives in a patient with a normal female karyotype.

OBJECTIVE: To report a rare case of gonadal agenesis with rudimentary paramesonephric ducts derivatives in a female with a 46,XX normal karyotype. DESIGN: Case study. SETTING: National Institute of Health. PATIENT(S): An 18-year-old female with primary amenorrhea and lack of secondary sexual development. INTERVENTION(S): Clinical, gynecological, endocrine, and genetic evaluation. Laboratory studies conducted included measurement of pituitary, ovary, and thyroid hormones; analyses of G-banded chromosomes in peripheral blood and fibroblast cultures; search for genomic Y-chromosome DNA by fluorescence in situ hybridization and molecular biology techniques; X-ray, ultrasonography, echocardiographic and laparoscopic studies for the assessment of bone age, and genitourinary and other associated malformations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical, hormonal, anatomical, and genetic characteristics of the patient. RESULT(S): The studies performed confirmed a prepubertal female with hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, bilateral gonadal agenesis, a rudimentary uterus and fallopian tubes, a normal vagina, kidney, and urinary tract structures, and a 46,XX normal karyotype. The search for centromeric Y-chromosome DNA and SRY and ZFY genes was negative. CONCLUSION(S): A primary deficiency confined to the gonadal blastema and the nearby coelomic epithelium is proposed as an alternative embryologic mechanism to explain the occurrence of this singular sexual developmental defect.

Clinical, histological and molecular characteristics of Mexican patients with Fabry disease and significant renal involvement.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fabry's disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A that produces accumulation of glycosphingolipids with clinical abnormalities of skin, eye, kidney, heart, brain, and peripheral nervous system. We undertook this study to describe the molecular characteristics of the first four Mexican patients with diagnosis of FD with significant renal involvement, correlating these molecular characteristics with clinical, pathological and biochemical findings. METHODS: Genomic DNA from Mexican nonrelated patients with presumptive diagnosis of FD was sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequences were compared against sequences in world data bank gene for alpha-galactosidase A (α-GLA, ENSG00000102393) using the BLAST database. RESULTS: Three patients were confirmed as having FD by displaying mutations in the α-GLA gene. The mutations found are a substitution (p.L243 F) in patient 1, and a substitution (p.A156 V) in patient 3. These two mutations had been previously reported. The new mutation was in patient 2 who displayed a deletion (c.260delA) changing the open reading frame from codon 86 and a stop codon at the 105th residue of the protein, (instead of 429 AA). The fourth patient had lack of mutations in any of the seven exons of α-GLA or 25 base-pair flanking regions; had mild manifestations with kidney histopathological diagnosis of FD that gave us a final diagnosis of atypical phenotype of FD. CONCLUSIONS: Although the sample is small, it gives a first idea of the molecular and clinical heterogeneity of FD in a Mexican population.