RESUMEN
Primary and secondary alcohols have been converted into 2-amino-1,3-thiazoles under microwave irradiation, employing trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as a dual oxidant and chlorine source, TEMPO as a co-oxidant, and thiourea. Secondary alcohols underwent a single-stage, one-pot conversion process, while primary alcohols required a two-stage, one-pot procedure. Both transformations were completed within minutes (25-45 min). The versatility of this protocol extends to the synthesis of other heterocycles, including 1,3-selenazoles, 2-aminoimidazoles, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, quinoxalines, and hydrazino thiazoles by replacing thiourea with the appropriate surrogates.
RESUMEN
A copper-iron-based catalyst has been prepared by a low-temperature co-precipitation and sonication method. The use of high-energy ultrasound reduces the time required for the preparation process from one workweek to one day with respect to the catalysts obtained by conventional coprecipitation and thermal treatment methods. The resulting material has been characterized at compositional, textural, structural, and chemical levels by ICP-AES, BET, SEM-EDS, XRD, TEM, and FTIR among other techniques. The material shows catalytic activity in the acyloxylation reaction of 1,4-dioxane and cyclohexene under microwave irradiation. In parallel with the optimized catalyst synthesis, the use of microwaves allowed for a substantial improvement in the outcome of the reaction in terms of cleanliness, yield, and time.
Asunto(s)
Cobre , Hierro , Cobre/química , Microondas , CiclohexenosRESUMEN
Treatment of alkynes with diethyl phosphite and t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of [Cu(MeCN)4]BF4 under microwave irradiation produced the oxyphosphorylation of the triple bond, giving rise to the corresponding ß-ketophosphonates in moderate-to-good yields. When the triple bond was conjugated to a carbonyl group bearing an aromatic ring, it led to the cyclization of the resulting ketone intermediate, producing eventually different phosphonylated indenones.
Asunto(s)
Alquinos , Fosfitos , Catálisis , Cobre , Ciclización , Microondas , terc-ButilhidroperóxidoRESUMEN
The oxidative coupling of carboxylic acids with liquid ketones and cyclic ethers has been accomplished in minutes using t-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of tetrabutylammonium iodide under microwave irradiation in the absence of a solvent. In addition to drastically shortening the reaction times, the use of microwaves resulted, in general, in yields equal to or higher than those obtained by conventional heating.
RESUMEN
The use of a copper-iron mixed oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient synthesis of α-acyloxy-1,4-dioxanes and 1,4-dithianes employing t-butyl peroxyesters is reported. The preparation and characterization of the catalyst are described. The effect of the heteroatoms and a plausible mechanism are discussed. The method is operationally simple and involves low-cost starting materials affording products in good to excellent yields.
RESUMEN
The α'-acyloxylation of cyclic enones with linear carboxylic acids is described. The reaction is promoted by KMnO4 in the presence of a carboxylic acid and its corresponding carboxylic anhydride. The optimization of the reaction has been carried out using the statistical methodology known as design of experiments. The optimized reaction conditions have been evaluated in terms of substrate scope and compatibility with different functional groups. The methodology has been applied to the synthesis of densely oxygenated guaianes and guaianolides.
RESUMEN
A phenylpropanoid 1, a slovenolide 2, and two germacranes bearing a methylthiopropenoate moiety, 3 and 4, along with twenty known metabolites have been isolated from the roots of Thapsia villosa var. villosa L. The structures of two known phenylpropanoids 5 and 6 have been corrected. Compounds 7 and 8 showed activity as potential inhibitors of the sarco- and endoplasmic Ca(2+)-dependent ATPases (SERCA) pump. Compounds 9, 10 and 11 increased significantly the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](c)) in human platelets in a concentration-dependent manner.
Asunto(s)
Plaquetas/metabolismo , ATPasas Transportadoras de Calcio/antagonistas & inhibidores , Calcio/sangre , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Thapsia/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 3 Anillos/farmacología , Humanos , Lactonas/aislamiento & purificación , Lactonas/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Raíces de Plantas , Propanoles/química , Propanoles/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/química , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos de Germacrano/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos de Guayano/aislamiento & purificación , Sesquiterpenos de Guayano/farmacología , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/aislamiento & purificación , AzufreRESUMEN
[reaction: see text] The enantioselective synthesis of a 7,11-dihydroxyguaianolide bearing the stereochemistry present in thapsigargin, a potent and selective inhibitor of the Ca(2+) SERCA-ATPase pumps, is described. Starting from (+)-dihydrocarvone, the synthesis presents two key steps. The first one involves the photochemical rearrangement of a gamma,delta-unsaturated ketone eudesmane into the corresponding guaiane. The second step consists of the regioselective oxidation of an unprotected tetrahydroxylated ketone to provide a dihydroxylactone with the required stereochemistry.
Asunto(s)
Sesquiterpenos de Guayano/síntesis química , Tapsigargina/síntesis química , Catálisis , Estructura Molecular , Sesquiterpenos de Guayano/química , Estereoisomerismo , Thapsia/químicaRESUMEN
Five phenylpropanoids have been isolated from the roots of Thapsia transtagana. Their structures have been elucidated by spectroscopic means.
Asunto(s)
Apiaceae/química , Propanoles/química , Propanoles/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Marruecos , Raíces de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Four novel and unusual C-19 compounds from Thapsia transtagana, named transtaganolides A-D, have been isolated. Their structures were established by physical methods, including X-ray analysis of transtaganolides A and B. This is the first time that a 7-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-3H-oxepin-2-one ring has been found in a natural product. [structure: see text]
Asunto(s)
Apiaceae/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Ecocardiografía , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear BiomolecularRESUMEN
A strategy for the allylic oxidation of cyclic alkenes with a copper-aluminum mixed oxide as catalyst is presented. The reaction involves the treatment of an alkene with a carboxylic acid employing tert-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. In all cases, the corresponding allylic esters are obtained. When L-proline is employed, the allylic alcohol or ketone is obtained. The oxidation of cyclohexene and valencene has been optimized by design of experiments (DoE) statistical methodology.
RESUMEN
A review of our latest developments in the synthesis of sesquiterpenolides isolated from plants of the Umbelliferae family is presented.
Asunto(s)
Apiaceae/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Tapsigargina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Nine new eudesmanolides (1-9), two new guaianolides (12 and 13), and a new germacrane (10), along with a previously reported guaianolide (11), have been isolated from the roots of Thapsia nitida var. meridionalis. Thapsia nitida var. nitida also afforded compound 13 along with a new guaianolide (14). The structure of 13 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compounds 1, 2, and 11-14 have been tested as potential inhibitors of the sarco- and endoplasmic Ca2+-dependent ATPases (SERCA) pump. None of them showed significant activities.