Biologic Behavior of Pressed Lithium Disilicate Ceramic and Zirconia on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An In Vitro Study.

This study evaluated in vitro the biologic profile of manually polished surfaces of pressed lithium disilicate (LD) ceramic compared to zirconia (Zir) in human gingival fibroblasts. Samples with a 10-mm diameter and 3-mm thickness were used. After manual polishing, the average roughness (Ra) of the samples was measured. The cell proliferation and viability of gingival fibroblasts on the surfaces were assessed at 24, 48, and 96 hours. Additionally, the morphology, cell adhesion, and type III collagen (COLIII) and vimentin (VIM) expression by fibroblasts plated onto these surfaces was analyzed. Polystyrene (Pol) was used as control for all assays. The mean Ra was 0.261 ± 0.053 µm for Zir and 0.345 ± 0.130 µm for LD. Both surfaces presented similar cell proliferation and viability (P > .05). The cell morphology demonstrated that, for both surfaces, the cells were occasionally spindle-shaped, parallel to the direction of the grooves. Compared to Pol, an upregulation of COLIII and VIM gene expression was observed by fibroblasts cultured on Zir and LD at all time points (P < .05). The characteristics presented by LD and Zir surfaces after manual polishing protocol were similar and had biologically favorable performances, thus suggesting LD as a suitable alternative to Zir in the peri-implant region for esthetic purposes.

Uma análise crítica sobre a viabilidade do uso dos inibidires seletivos de cox-2 em odontologia / Viability of the use selective cox-2 inhibitors in dentistry: critical analysis

Introdução: Os antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs) são os fármacos mais comumente usados para o tratamento da dor e da inflamação em odontologia. Os AINEs exercem seus efeitos terapêuticos através da inibição da enzima ciclooxigenase, a qual existe em duas isoformas, denominadas ciclooxigenase-1 (COX- 1) e ciclooxigenase-2 (COX-2). Devido à descoberta das diferentes isoformas da enzima ciclooxigenase e a proposta inicial de que COX-1 era expressa constitutivamente, enquanto que COX-2 era produzida durante a inflamação, o advento dos inibidores seletivos de COX-2 representou um importante avanço farmacológico no tratamento da dor e da inflamação. No entanto, estudos recentes indicam que a isoenzima (COX-2) realiza diferentes respostas fisiológicas no organismo. Métodos: O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o uso dos inibidores seletivos de COX-2 na prática odontológica através da relação custo/duração de tratamento e possíveis riscos atribuídos às novas funções fisiológicas descobertas para COX-2. Para tanto, foi feito um levantamento da literatura utilizando-se das bases de dados científicas Medline, Lilacs e Scielo, nos quais foram selecionados trabalhos clínicos randomizados controlados, revisões e de metanálise. Resultados: Os resultados indicam que os inibidores seletivos de COX-2 apresentam importantes efeitos colaterais e, além disso, são fármacos de custos elevados para o tempo empregado na terapêutica odontológica. Conclusão: Portanto, esses fármacos não substituem os antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais tradicionais na odontologia e a escolha dos fármacos deve ser baseada em trabalhos científicos ao invés de impressões clínicas. Dessa forma, ainda são necessárias novas avaliações para o estabelecimento da real segurança e indicações desses compostos na prática odontológica.

Introduction: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) are the most common drugs used in treatment of pain and inflammation in dentistry. NSAIDs exert their therapeutic effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which exists in 2 isoforms, known as cycloxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2). Due to the discovery of different isoforms of cyclooxygenase and the initial proposal that COX-1 was constitutively expressed, whereas COX-2 was primarily inducible during inflammation, the advent of COX-2 selective inhibitors (coxibs) represented an important pharmacological advance for treatment of pain and inflammation. However, recent studies have indicated that this isoenzyme (COX-2) mediates a variety of physiological responses within the organism. Methods: The aim of this review was to evaluate the use of COX-2 selective inhibitors in the dental practice by the relation cost/treatment duration and possible risks attributed for news physiological roles of COX-2. For this purpose, a search of the literature was performed in Medline, Lilacs and Scielo, including randomized controlled clinical trials reviews and meta-analysis. Results: The results indicate that the COX-2 selective inhibitors retain some important side effects, and also, they are high-cost drugs for dental therapeutic. Conclusion: Hence, these drugs do not replace the conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dentistry and the selecting drugs should be base on scientific research rather than clinical impressions. Thus, further evaluations are needed to determine the actual safety profile and indications of such compounds in the dental practice.