Effect of cashew nut flour on hematological parameters of children living with HIV.

Aim: To assess the effect of cashew nut flour on the hematological parameters of children living with HIV-AIDS. Method: A 32-week randomized, blind clinical trial conducted at a specialized outpatient clinic. Children aged 2-12 years were allocated to intervention groups (IGs) (n = 11) receiving 12 g/day of cashew nut flour and control groups (CGs) (n = 9) receiving 12 g/day of carboxymethyl cellulose. Parameters of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, and lipid profiles were evaluated. Results: In the IG, the elevation and reduction of leukocyte and lipid profile biomarkers, respectively, were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). A clinically and statistically significant increase in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was observed in the CG (p = 0.018), with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.9). There were no statistically significant changes in platelet counts among participants (p = 0.18). The effect size for white blood cell count, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides was moderate in the IG compared to the CG. Conclusion: Cashew nut flour supplementation may increase levels of leukocytes and lipid profile parameters in children living with HIV. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC): U1111.1276.6591.

Consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee enriched with cocoa and fructo-oligosaccharides among non-diabetic persons: Double blind randomized clinical trial.

Food industry has been investing in bringing to the market coffee-based drinks enriched in compounds that promise weight loss, which consequently influences diabetes risk. However, there are no clinical trials showing the effects of brewed coffee (with or without caffeine) enriched with bioactive compounds on body fat and glycemic control in healthy individuals. Therefore, we have evaluated the effect of consuming two coffee formulas enriched with cocoa and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on glycemic and anthropometric biomarkers and blood pressure in non-diabetic adults for 10 weeks. In general, we observed that the values of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = .006) and fasting capillary blood glucose (FCBG) (p < .001) had lower values with a tendency to decrease in FCG (p = .003) and FBG (p < .005) in both formulas. We observed statistically significant reductions in waist circumference (WC) (p = .012), arm circumference (AC) (p = .015), and percentage of fat (<0.0001) for all participants. However, we noticed a greater reduction in the caffeinated formula group (-2.92%, p = .005) compared to the decaffeinated formula (-1.62%, p = .008). Consumers of both cocoa and FOS-enriched coffee formulas benefited from reduced FBG, FCG, WC, and body fat percentage. The consumption of caffeinated formula was more effective in reducing the percentage of fat, while the decaffeinated formula was more effective in reducing diastolic blood pressure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study provides robust evidence that effects of fortified coffee on non-diabetic people is positive for reduction in blood glucose, body fat and diastolic blood pressure. This study proposes a practical and safe coffee formulation for the consumption of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee for non-diabetic people.

Vulnerable territories to tuberculosis-diabetes mellitus comorbidity in a northeastern Brazilian scenario.

INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological investigations on tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity using spatial analysis should be encouraged towards a more comprehensive view of the health of individuals affected by such comorbidity in different contexts. This study analyzes the territories vulnerable to tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity in a municipality in northeastern Brazil using spatial analysis techniques. METHODS: An ecological study was carried out in Imperatriz, Maranhão, Brazil. Tuberculosis-diabetes cases reported in the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System between 2009 and 2018 were analyzed. Kernel density estimation and spatial scanning techniques were used to identify the areas with the greatest occurrence of spatial clusters. RESULTS: A heterogeneous spatial distribution was found, ranging from 0.00 to 4.12 cases/km2. The spatial scanning analysis revealed three high-risk spatial clusters with statistical significance (p < 0.05), involving eleven strictly urban sectors with a relative risk of 4.00 (95% CI: 2.60-6.80), 5.10 (95% CI: 2.75-7.30), and 6.10 (95% CI: 3.21-8.92), indicating that the population living in these areas had a high risk of tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS: The highest concentration of cases/km2, as well as risk clusters, were found in areas with high circulation of people and socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities. Such findings reinforce the need for public health interventions to reduce social inequalities.

Helicobacter Pylori cagA+ Genotype is Associated With Consumption of Untreated Drinking Water in North-Eastern Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify the Helicobacter pylori cagA+ genotype prevalent in a region of north-eastern Brazil and find possible associations between this genotype and socioeconomic variables. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 751 patients with dyspepsia from a public endoscopy clinic. Genotyping was carried out on 98 samples from gastric tissue with positive urease test for H. pylori using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Socioeconomic variables were collected via forms. Pearson's χ2 test was used to analyze associations between variables and odds ratios were obtained to compare effects. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05 for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was present in 52.7% of the patients and associated with low income and consumption of untreated drinking water. The prevalence of the cagA+ genotype was 25.5%. Low income was inversely related to the presence of cagA+ genotype, even after adjustment. Untreated drinking water consumption was associated with the presence of the cagA+ genotype in both the univariate (p = 0.03; OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.008-6.48) and multivariate (p = 0.03; OR = 2.89; 95% CI: 1.08-7.67) analyses. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that water can be an important vehicle for the transmission of pathogenic H. pylori strains and may be a public health challenge, especially in less developed regions with precarious water and sanitary conditions.

Experiências de estudantes internacionais ao gestar longe do seu país de origem / Experiences of international students on gestation away from their country of origin

Resumo Objetivo: este estudo visa compreender as experiências de mães estudantes internacionais acerca de engravidar e dar à luz longe do país de origem. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada entrevista em profundidade com 11 estudantes internacionais em uma universidade federal na região do Maciço de Baturité, Ceará. Foram utilizados como referenciais teóricos os Modelos de Adaptação de Roy e o Modelo da Universalidade e Diversidade do Cuidado Cultural de Leinin-ger para a análise baseada na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Resultado: emergiram-se as seguintes categorias: os desafios em engravidar e estudar longe de seu país; empo-deramento e superação frente aos desafios; e os diferentes cuidados e o choque cultural, o qual abordou os aspectos relacionados ao contraste cultural a respeito dos cuidados. Conclusão: constata-se que a vida das mães estudantes oriundas de outros países é repleta de desafios. O olhar diferencial da equipe de saúde possibilitaria a adaptação de práticas para conservar a cultura de cada mãe.

Resumen Objetivo: este estudio pretende comprender las experiencias de madres estudiantes internacionales acerca de quedar embarazadas y dar a luz lejos del país de origen. Método: investigación cualitativa, once entrevistas realizadas en profundidad a estudiantes internacionales en una universidad federal en la región del Macizo de Baturité, Ceará (Brasil). Se utilizaron como referenciales teóricos los modelos de adaptación de Roy y el modelo de la universalidad y diversidad del cuidado cultural de Leininger para el análisis, basado en la teoría fundamentada en los datos. Resultados: emergieron las siguientes categorías: los retos en el embarazo y estudiar lejos de su país; empoderamiento y superación frente a los desafíos; y los diferentes cuidados y el choque cultural, que abordó los aspectos relacionados con el contraste cultural con respecto al cuidado. Conclusión: se constata que la vida de las madres estudiantes oriundas de otros países está repleta de desafíos. La mirada diferencial del equipo de salud posibilitaría la adaptación de prácticas para conservar la cultura de cada madre.

Abstract Objective: this study aims to understand the experiences of international student mothers about getting pregnant and giving birth far from the country of origin. Method: qualitative research, conducted in-depth interview with 11 international students at a federal university in the Baturité Massif region, Ceará (Brazil). The Royals' adaptation models and the Leininger cultural care universality and diversity model for the analysis based on the grounded theory were used as theoretical references. Result: the following categories emerged: the challenges of getting pregnant and studying away from their country; empowerment and overcoming challenges; and the different care and cultural shock, which addressed aspects related to cultural contrast regarding care. Conclusion: it is observed that the life of mothers students from other countries is full of challenges. The differential approach of the health team would allow the adaptation of practices to conserve each mother's culture.

Validación de juego educativo para la enseñanza de la valoración cardiovascular / Validation of an educational game for teaching cardiovascular assessment / Validação de jogo educativo para o ensino da valoração cardiovascular

Objetivo: evaluar un material educativo utilizado como recurso didáctico para apoyo a la enseñanza de la valoración cardiovascular. Metodología: el material educativo fue analizado por enfermeros expertos en cardiovascular y se aplicó a 30 estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Federal del Ceará (Brasil), en el período de enero a junio de 2006. Para el análisis de la consistencia interna fue calculado el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Para estudiar el rendimiento de los alumnos, se compararon los puntajes de una prueba que evaluaba el tema enseñado, antes y después de la intervención. Resultados: todos los expertos destacaron que el juego presenta consonancia, interactividad, coherencia, validez pedagógica y que motiva al alumno a participar en su proceso de aprendizaje. La diferencia de las medias de las evaluaciones pre y post intervención fue estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: Se confirmó la validez y aplicabilidad del uso del juego como recurso pedagógico.

Objective: to evaluate an educational material used as a didactic resource to support the teaching of cardiovascular assessment. Methodology: the educational material was analyzed by experts in cardiovascular nursing and applied to 30 nursing students at the Federal University of Ceara (Brazil) in the period January - June of 2006. To analyze the internal consistency Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated. To analyze the students performance the scores of a test that evaluated the taught topic applied before and after the intervention were compared. Results: all the experts highlighted that the game features are consistent, is interactive, coherent, has pedagogic validity and allowed the student to participate in his learning process. The direffence in the means of the pre and post intervension assessment was statistically significant. Conclusion: the validity and applicability of the game as a pedagogic resource was confirmed.

Objetivo: avaliar um material educativo utilizado como recurso didático para apoio ao ensino da valoração cardiovascular. Metodologia: o material educativo foi analisado por enfermeiros experientes em cardiovascular e se aplicou a 30 estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Ceará (Brasil) no período dejaneiro a junho de 2006. Para análise da consistência interna foi calculado o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. Para analisar o rendimento dos alunos se compararam as pontuações de uma prova que avaliava o tema ensinado antes e depois da intervenção. Resultados: todos os experientes destacaram que o jogo apresenta consonância, interatividade, coerência, validez pedagógica e que fazia participar ao aluno em seu processo de aprendizagem. A diferença das médias das avaliações pré e pós intervenção foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: confirmou-se a validez e aplicabilidade do uso do jogo como recurso pedagógico.