Assessing Combinations of B(C6 F5 )3 and N2 -Derived Molybdenum Nitrido Complexes for Heterolytic Bond Activation.

Two different dinitrogen-derived molybdenum nitrido complexes varying by their geometry, ligand spheres and oxidations states were shown to engage their N ligand in dative bonding with the strong Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 . The stable adducts were assessed for frustrated Lewis pair-type heterolytic E-H bond splitting of hydrosilanes (E=Si) and HB(C6 F5 )2 . Whereas Si-H bond activation was achieved, HB(C6 F5 )2 was shown to substitute B(C6 F5 )3 in a quantitative or equilibrated fashion, depending on the nature of the nitrido complex. No B-H bond splitting was observed. Thermodynamics of these reactions, computed by DFT, are in agreement with the experimental outcomes.

Soft Tissue Grafting Procedures before Restorations in the Esthetic Zone: A Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Case Report.

An esthetically pleasing smile is a valuable aspect of physical appearance and plays a significant role in social interaction. Achieving the perfect balance between extraoral and intraoral tissues is essential for a harmonious and attractive smile. However, certain intraoral deficiencies, such as non-carious cervical lesions and gingival recession, can severely compromise the overall aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone. Addressing such conditions requires careful planning and meticulous execution of both surgical and restorative procedures. This interdisciplinary clinical report presents a complex case of a patient with esthetic complaints related to asymmetric anterior gingival architecture and severely discolored and eroded maxillary anterior teeth. The patient was treated using a combination of minimally invasive ceramic veneers and plastic mucogingival surgery, resulting in a successful outcome. The report emphasizes the potential of this approach in achieving optimal esthetic results in challenging cases, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary team approach in achieving a harmonious balance between dental and soft tissue aesthetics.

Arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness articular surface rotator cuff tears: single-row transtendon technique versus double-row suture bridge (transosseous equivalent) fixation: results from a prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this prospective study was to compare the clinical and structural findings following the arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness (exceeding 50%) articular-sided rotator cuff tears using either a single-row or a double-row suture bridge fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients were included in this study. The patients were randomly placed into two groups: 25 underwent the single-row (Group I) and 25 a double-row suture bridge fixation (Group II). The clinical outcomes were assessed using ASES and Constant shoulder scores, both preoperatively and at the end of follow-up. The pain level was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS), preoperatively, at 6 months and at the end of follow-up. All patients underwent preoperative MRI to identify the rotator cuff tear, and postoperatively at 12 months to evaluate tendon integrity. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 32.5 months. The mean ASES scores increased from 35.9 to 96.7 in Group I and from 35.3 to 93.4 in Group II; the mean Constant shoulder scores increased from 55.6 to 97.8 in Group I and from 57.5 to 97.3 in Group II. There were no significant differences between the two groups. The average preoperative pain level decreased from 7.4 to 3 at 6 months and to 0.4 at the end of the Group I; and from 7.6 to 3 at 6 months and 0.8 in Group II. There was no significant difference between the two groups. At 12 months, the MRI assessments showed two retears in Group I (8%) and one retear in Group II (4%). CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic repair of partial-thickness articular rotator cuff tears that exceed 50% of tendon thickness with a single-row transtendon repair or double-row suture bridge provides functional improvement and pain relief regardless of the repair technique used. There were no differences in clinical results between both techniques. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II; prospective comparative study.

Investigating the Psychological Impact of Cyber-Sexual Harassment.

The impact of cyber sexual harassment (CSH) on adult women and the factors influencing this impact are largely under-researched. Communication technologies provide novel means for people to threaten, communicate, and harass others. Victims of in-person sexual harassment (ISH) can experience negative symptoms of depression, anxiety, trauma, and negative body image. The current study explored the psychological impact of CSH in adult women to determine whether CSH predicts psychological difficulties. Adult female participants (N = 136) took part in an online, cross-sectional study; 44% of participants had experienced CSH and this was associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, trauma, and body image dissatisfaction. Younger victims, those who had been in a relationship for a shorter amount of time, those who had previously experienced of ISH, and those who had a higher number of social media followers were more likely to have experienced CSH. When controlling for demographic variables, CSH predicted anxiety, depression, trauma, and body image dissatisfaction; however, experience of ISH impacted upon body-image dissatisfaction over and above CSH. There is a need to routinely ask individuals accessing mental health services whether online interactions cause harm. Future research should examine these phenomena in more ethnically diverse samples.

Psychopathy, pain, and pain empathy: A psychophysiological study.

The present study examined whether people higher in psychopathy experienced less self-reported and psychophysiological nociceptive pressure than people lower in psychopathy. We also examined whether psychopathy affects empathy for others' pain via self-reported and psychophysiological measures. Three hundred and sixty-nine students (18-78 years; M = 26, SD = 9.34) were screened for psychopathic traits using the Youth Psychopathy Inventory (YPI). Stratified sampling was used to recruit 49 adults residing in the highest (n = 23) and lowest (n = 26) 20% of the psychopathy spectrum. Using skin conductance response (SCR) and self-report responses, participants responded to individually adjusted intensities of pneumatic pressure and others' pain images and completed self-reported psychopathy and empathy measures (Triarchic Psychopathy Measure, TriPm; Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI). People higher in psychopathy self-reported feeling less nociceptive pressure compared to people lower in psychopathy, yet we did not find any differences in SCR to nociceptive pressure. However, when viewing other people in pain, the high psychopathy group displayed lower SCR and lower self-reported empathy compared to those lower in psychopathy. Our results suggest psychopathic traits relate to problems empathising with others' pain, as well as the perception of nociceptive pressure. We also show support for the theory of dual harm which has been receiving increasing attention. Consequently, psychopathy interventions should focus both on recognising and empathising with the pain of others.

The ALK translocation in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinomas: preapproval testing experience at a single cancer centre.

AIMS: To study the ALK translocation in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLCs) seen at a European cancer centre, and its association with EGFR mutations, KRAS mutations and MET amplification. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included samples from 86 patients diagnosed with advanced NSCLC. ALK fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed using the ALK break-apart probe set (Vysis). ALK FISH-positive cases were defined as those with more than 15% break-apart signals or isolated red signals in 50 cells. EGFR and KRAS mutations were determined by direct sequencing. All ALK-positive cases were analysed retrospectively for MET amplification using a FISH assay, and for ALK mutations by sequencing. We found nine (10.5%) ALK-positive cases, all in adenocarcinomas and the majority in female patients (88.9%). Signet ring cells were observed in four (44.4%) of the nine patients. None of the ALK translocated cases showed MET amplifications or EGFR, KRAS and ALK mutations. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ALK translocation in an unselected population of European patients with advanced NSCLCs was 10%. This alteration was mutually exclusive with EGFR and KRAS mutations, as well as with MET amplification. If multiplexing is considered at the preanalytical phase, lung biopsy specimens are sufficient for performing several predictive assays.

Is Oral Vaccination against Escherichia coli Influenced by Zinc Oxide?

BACKGROUND: Although zinc oxide has been banned at therapeutic doses in the EU, its use is still legal in most countries with industrial pig farming. This compound has been shown to be very effective in preventing E. coli-related diseases. However, another strategy used to control this pathogen is vaccination, administered parenterally or orally. Oral vaccines contain live strains, with F4 and F18 binding factors. Since zinc oxide prevents E. coli adhesion, it is hypothesised that its presence at therapeutic doses (2500 ppm) may alter the immune response and the protection of intestinal integrity derived from the vaccination of animals. METHODS: A group of piglets were orally vaccinated at weaning and divided into two subgroups; one group was fed a feed containing 2500 ppm zinc oxide (V + ZnO) for the first 15 days post-vaccination (dpv) and the other was not (V). Faeces were sampled from the animals at 6, 8, 11, 13, and 15 dpv. Unvaccinated animals without ZnO in their feed (Neg) were sampled simultaneously and, on day 15 post-vaccination, were also compared with a group of unvaccinated animals with ZnO in their feed (ZnO). RESULTS: Differences were found in E. coli excretion, with less quantification in the V + ZnO group, and a significant increase in secretory IgA in the V group at 8 dpv, which later equalised with that of the V + ZnO group. There was also some difference in IFNα, IFNγ, IL1α, ILß, and TNFα gene expression when comparing both vaccinated groups (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in gene expression for the tight junction (TJ) proteins responsible for intestinal integrity. CONCLUSIONS: Although some differences in the excretion of the vaccine strain were found when comparing both vaccinated groups, there are no remarkable differences in immune stimulation or soluble IgA production when comparing animals orally vaccinated against E. coli in combination with the presence or absence of ZnO in their feed. We can conclude that the immune response produced is very similar in both groups.

Callous-Unemotional Traits are Associated With Child-to-Parent Aggression.

This study examined the relations between callous-unemotional traits and perpetration of aggression toward parents in two separate studies, while also considering motivation for aggression and parenting styles experienced among young people. Study 1 involved 60 parents of children aged between 11 and 17 years old. The online study found high callous-unemotional traits, as reported by parents, to be associated with aggression toward both parents. Both types of motivation (proactive and reactive, as reported by parents) were associated with aggression toward parents. Study 2 involved 42 youths from an alternative education sample (between 11 and 16 years old). Youths with higher self-reported callous-unemotional traits reported more aggression toward both parents. Both studies, which had different reporters and different samples, showed youths with higher callous-unemotional traits were more aggressive toward their parents. In discussing the results, we note the importance of including callous-unemotional traits in future research on parent-directed aggression and in studies on domestic violence more broadly.

Parental monitoring and youth behavior problems: moderation by callous-unemotional traits over time.

Prior research suggests that parents' monitoring behaviors are related to the conduct problems of children but not to the conduct problems of children with callous-unemotional traits. However, these studies have been cross-sectional. The present short-term longitudinal study investigates the bidirectional influences of parental monitoring and youth problem behaviors, while also examining the potential moderating influence of callous-unemotional traits. We assessed adolescents (Mean age = 14.5 years; SD = 1.8) and parents at two time points. Youths reported their callous-unemotional traits and delinquency, while parents reported their child's conduct problems, and their parenting behaviors to track and control their child's activities. We found support for a child-driven change in parents' monitoring behaviors over time. Specifically, children with high callous-unemotional traits had parents who reduced their monitoring behaviors over time, and their different types of monitoring behaviors were less synchronous over time. In addition, parents of youths with high callous-unemotional traits showed a trend toward not being stable in their surveillance efforts over time. Moreover, greater behavioral control for youths high on callous-unemotional traits did not lead to parents' greater knowledge about their youths. In fact, having less knowledge was related to decreases in parental control, when youths were high on callous-unemotional traits. The present study supports the importance of personality in shaping how parents actively monitor their children.

Empathy and bullying: exploring the influence of callous-unemotional traits.

Although knowing and feeling the emotions of other people might result in less bullying, we argue that not caring about these feelings will also be important. That is, what good is empathy, if one does not care about the feelings or values of others? We examined self-reports of callous-unemotional traits (CU: Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits), bullying, and empathy in 201 children (ages 11-12 years). Results show children high on CU to be lowest in affective empathy and highest in direct bullying. While all subscales of the ICU were related to affective empathy, only the uncaring subscale was uniquely related to cognitive empathy. Empathy did not explain differences in bullying when taking into account CU traits. Therefore, failing to care about others is more important than empathy for explaining the direct and indirect bullying these children take part in. Implications for targeting different forms of empathy in treatment are considered.

Psychometric properties of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) in Cypriot children and adolescents.

The Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire which measures symptoms of DSM-IV anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. This study examined the psychometric properties of the Greek translation of SCAS in a large community sample of children and adolescents (N = 1,072), aged 12-17 years, in the non-occupied territory of Cyprus. A subsample of these participants was retested 8 weeks after the initial assessment. The SCAS demonstrated high internal consistency (alpha = .92) and test-retest reliability (r = .88). The SCAS total scores correlated significantly with the anxious/depressed subscale of the Youth Self-Report, the Columbia Impairment Scale, and with the emotional subscale of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analyses revealed the same six-factor structure as the original SCAS. The SCAS proved to be a reliable and valid measure of anxiety symptoms in the Cypriot context.

Verbal ability and delinquency: testing the moderating role of psychopathic traits.

BACKGROUND: Impaired verbal abilities are one of the most consistent risk factors for serious antisocial and delinquent behavior. However, individuals with psychopathic traits often show serious antisocial behavior, despite showing no impairment in their verbal abilities. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine whether psychopathy moderates the relationship between verbal abilities and delinquent behavior in a sample of detained youth. METHODS: The sample included 100 detained adolescent boys who were assessed on self-reported delinquent acts and psychopathic traits, as well as their age at first offense based on official records. Participants also completed a competitive computer task involving two levels of provocation, during which skin conductance was measured. A standard measure of receptive vocabulary was individually administered. RESULTS: As predicted, there was a significant interaction between callous-unemotional (CU) traits (a critical dimension of psychopathy) and verbal ability when predicting violent delinquency. Individuals who were high on CU traits with higher scores on the measure of verbal abilities reported the greatest violent delinquency. These individuals also showed the lowest level of skin conductance reactivity during the provocation task. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest CU traits are an important moderator of the relation between verbal abilities and violent delinquency.

Callous-unemotional traits and the emotional processing of distress cues in detained boys: testing the moderating role of aggression, exposure to community violence, and histories of abuse.

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits in antisocial youth have been associated with deficits in the processing of emotionally distressing stimuli in a number of past studies. In the current study, we investigated moderators of this association in a sample of 88 ethnically diverse detained boys (mean age = 15.57, SD = 1.28). Overall, emotional processing of distressing stimuli using a dot-probe task was not related to CU traits and there was no moderating effect of ethnicity. However, CU traits were related to deficits in emotional processing in youth high on aggression and youth high on exposure to community violence. Further, youth high on CU traits but with enhanced orienting to distressing stimuli had stronger histories of abuse, supporting the possibility that there may be environmentally influenced pathways in the development of these traits.

Types of aggression, responsiveness to provocation, and callous-unemotional traits in detained adolescents.

The present study investigated differences in the behavioral and psychophysiological responses to provocation and in the level of callous-unemotional traits in boys exhibiting different patterns of aggression. Eighty-five boys (ages 13-18) in a juvenile detention center played a competitive computer task against a hypothetical peer who provided low and high levels of provocation. Youth high on both self-reported reactive and proactive aggression showed different behavioral responses to provocation than youth high on only reactive aggression. Specifically, the combined group showed high levels of aggressive responses without any provocation, whereas the group high on reactive aggression showed an increase in aggressive responding to low provocation. Further, results revealed a trend for the combined group to show lower levels of skin conductance reactivity to low provocation if they were also high on callous-unemotional traits.

Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: validation of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits.

The presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits designates an important subgroup of antisocial youth. To improve upon existing measures, the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was developed to provide an efficient, reliable, and valid assessment of CU traits in samples of youth. The current study tests the factor structure and correlates of the ICU scale in a sample (n=248) of juvenile offenders (188 boys, 60 girls) between the ages of 12 and 20 (M=15.47, SD=1.37). Confirmatory factor analyses are consistent with the presence of three independent factors (i.e., Uncaring, Callousness, and Unemotional) that relate to a higher-order callous-unemotional dimension. Also, CU traits overall showed associations with aggression, delinquency, and both psychophysiological and self-report indices of emotional reactivity. There were some important differences across the three facets of the ICU in their associations with these key external criteria.

Intervención fisioterapéutica en fibromialgia / Physiotherapeutic intervention in fibromyalgia

Introducción: La fibromialgia afecta el movimiento corporal. Provoca dolor en puntos claves, causa molestias musculoesqueléticas y limita la actividad de las personas. Se ha descrito que la fisioterapia mejora de calidad de vida de estos pacientes. Objetivo: Identificar los test de evaluación y los procesos de intervención fisioterapéutica utilizados en la fibromialgia. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de literatura en PubMed, ScientsDirect, SciELO y LILLACS, con la terminología MeSH y DeCS, entre 2017 y 2022. Resultados: La escala visual análoga y la algometría por presión son los test utilizados para el dolor. La hidroterapia, el cupping, la punción seca, el masaje sueco, los ejercicios respiratorios y los aeróbicos resultan los métodos de intervención con más uso. Conclusiones: Los procesos de intervención se deben plantear según las evaluaciones del dolor y la funcionalidad en la persona. El tratamiento fisioterapéutico de la fibromialgia debe tener un componente de ejercicio físico aérobico y fuerza para disminuir la fatiga; devolverle al músculo su funcionalidad y aumentar la capacidad aeróbica(AU)

Introduction: Fibromyalgia affects body movement. It causes pain in key points, it causes musculoskeletal discomfort and it limits the persons's activity. It has been described that physiotherapy improves the quality of life of these patients. Objective: To identify the evaluation tests and physiotherapy intervention processes used in fibromyalgia. Methods: A literature review was carried out in PubMed, ScientsDirect, Scielo and LILLACS, with the terminology MeSH and DeCS, from 2017 to 2022. Results: The visual analogue scale and pressure algometry are the tests used for pain. Hydrotherapy, cupping, dry needling, Swedish massage, breathing exercises and aerobics are the most commonly used intervention methods. Conclusions: Intervention processes should be planned according to the evaluations of pain and functionality in the person. The physiotherapy treatment of fibromyalgia must have a component of aerobic physical exercise and strength to reduce fatigue, to return the muscle to its functionality and increase aerobic capacity(AU)

Can a laboratory measure of emotional processing enhance the statistical prediction of aggression and delinquency in detained adolescents with callous-unemotional traits?

In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether the combination of the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and emotional deficits to distressing stimuli, assessed by a computerized dot-probe task, enhanced the statistical prediction of aggression and delinquency in a sample of 88 detained and predominantly African-American (68%) adolescents (M age = 15.57; SD = 1.28). Overall, self-reported CU traits were associated with self-report measures of aggression and delinquency, but not with official records of arrests. However, there was an interaction between CU traits and emotional deficits for predicting self-reported aggression, self-reported violent delinquency, and a record of violent arrests. Youth high on CU traits and who showed a deficit in their responses to visual depictions of distress showed the highest levels of aggression and violent delinquency.

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty due to glenoid bone defects. / La artroplastia invertida de hombro ante defectos óseos glenoideos.

OBJECTIVE: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty is becoming a useful tool for many diseases of the shoulder. Any severe glenoid bone defect may affect the fixing of the glenoid component. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the medium-term outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty associated with a glenoplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 5 patients from our hospital, selected due to glenoid defects of different etiology. All of them where treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty associated with glenoplasty with bone graft. RESULTS: The minimum follow-up was one year (mean 30.4 months). All grafts were radiologically integrated, with no signs of resorption or necrosis being observed. At 12 months, the Constant score was 66.75 and the mean EVA score was 1. DISCUSSION: Glenoplasty surgery is technically demanding for restoring original bone size in patients with glenoid structural defects, enabling a reverse shoulder arthroplasty to be implanted. Thus improving both the function and clinical outcomes in selected patients with glenohumeral pathology and providing them with a solution.

FTY720 inhibits TH1-mediated allogeneic humoral immune response.

Phosphorylated FTY720 is an analog of Sphingosine 1 Phosphate (S1P) with immunosuppressive activity that negatively regulates the expression of S1P-Receptor 1. It also inhibits the migration of CD4 and CD8 single-positive T cells from the thymus to the periphery, sequesters peripheral blood lymphocytes in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, and delays the exit of effector T cells toward the graft. The aim of our work was to study the effect of FTY720 on the kinetics of skin allograft rejection in a fully mismatched model; euthymic (Euthy) versus thymectomized (ATX) C57BL/6 mice (haplotype H-2(b)) recipients of BALB/c mice (haplotype H-2(d)) donor cells. The animals were injected daily with FTY720 (1 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 2 weeks. To monitor the humoral immune response, serum samples collected at day 0 (pre-immune) and at day 23 after skin graft rejection were examined using BALB/c thymocytes as antigens in flow cytometry. To confirm the effect of FTY720 on peripheral lymphocytes, peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry. Euthy and ATX FTY720-treated mice showed prolongation of skin allograft survival when compared with nontreated Euthy and ATX controls (P < .005). Unexpectedly, FTY720-treated Euthy mice showed significantly delayed graft rejection when compared to similarly treated ATX mice (P < .005). The delayed graft rejection in FTY720-treated Euthy mice correlated with a reduced content of Th1-mediated IgG(2a) and IgG(2b) antibodies when compared with FTY720-treated ATX mice (P < .05). In conclusion, FTY720 delays the kinetics of allograft rejection in a fully mismatched model by inhibiting Th1-mediated humoral immune responses. The presence of the host thymus appears to be required for this phenomenon.