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1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 21(13)2020 Jun 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32629871

RESUMEN

Chemoresistance is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with pancreatic cancer and remains an obstacle to successful treatment. The antioxidant transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-related factor 2 (NRF2), which plays important roles in tumor angiogenesis and invasiveness, is upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), where it correlates with poor survival. Here, we investigated the role of NRF2 in two 5-Fluourouracil-resistant (5-FUR) PDAC cell lines: BxPC-3 and CFPAC-1. Levels of NRF2 and antioxidants, such as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), were higher in the chemoresistant cells than in their chemosensitive counterparts. Expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, stemness markers, including Nanog, Oct4, and CD133, and that of the drug transporter ATP binding cassette, subfamily G, member A2 (ABCG2) was also upregulated in 5-FUR PDAC cells. NRF2 knockdown reversed 5-FU resistance of PDAC cells via suppression of ABCG2 and HO-1. In summary, these data indicate that NRF2 is a potential target for resensitizing 5-FUR PDAC cells to 5-FU to improve treatment outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer.


Asunto(s)
Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/genética , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/genética , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/metabolismo , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Supervivencia Celular/genética , Resistencia a Antineoplásicos/fisiología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Fluorouracilo/farmacología , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen/métodos , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Humanos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Páncreas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patología , Neoplasias Pancreáticas
2.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 437(1): 35-40, 2013 Jul 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23791873

RESUMEN

We recently demonstrated that the antibacterial peptide, CopA3 (a D-type disulfide dimer peptide, LLCIALRKK), inhibits LPS-induced macrophage activation and also has anticancer activity in leukemia cells. Here, we examined whether CopA3 could affect neuronal cell proliferation. We found that CopA3 time-dependently increased cell proliferation by up to 31 ± 2% in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and up to 29 ± 2% in neural stem cells isolated from neonatal mouse brains. In both cell types, CopA3 also significantly inhibited the apoptosis and viability losses caused by 6-hydroxy dopamine (a Parkinson disease-mimicking agent) and okadaic acid (an Alzheimer's disease-mimicking agent). Immunoblotting revealed that the p27Kip1 protein (a negative regulator of cell cycle progression) was markedly degraded in CopA3-treated SH-SY5Y cells. Conversely, an adenovirus expressing p27Kip1 significantly inhibited the antiapoptotic effects of CopA3 against 6-hydroxy dopamine- and okadaic acid-induced apoptosis, and decreased the neurotropic effects of CopA3. These results collectively suggest that CopA3-mediated protein degradation of p27Kip1 may be the main mechanism through which CopA3 exerts neuroprotective and neurotropic effects.


Asunto(s)
Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Escarabajos/química , Inhibidor p27 de las Quinasas Dependientes de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Insectos/farmacología , Neuronas/citología , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Péptidos/farmacología , Proteolisis/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Semivida , Humanos , Proteínas de Insectos/química , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Células-Madre Neurales/efectos de los fármacos , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/patología , Neuronas/efectos de los fármacos , Neuronas/metabolismo , Ácido Ocadaico/farmacología , Oxidopamina/farmacología , Péptidos/química
3.
J Pept Sci ; 18(10): 650-6, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22969062

RESUMEN

We recently demonstrated that the insect peptide CopA3 (LLCIALRKK), a disulfide-linked dimeric peptide, exerts antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities in a mouse colitis model. Here, we examined whether CopA3 inhibited activation of macrophages by LPS. Exposure of an unseparated mouse peritoneal cell population or isolated peritoneal macrophages to LPS markedly increased secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α; these effects were significantly inhibited by CopA3 treatment. The inhibitory effect of CopA3 was also evident in murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. Western blotting revealed that LPS-induced activation of STAT1 and STAT5 in macrophages was significantly inhibited by CopA3. Inhibition of JAK (STAT1/STAT5 kinase) with AG490 markedly reduced the production of IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages. Collectively, these observations suggest that CopA3 inhibits macrophage activation by inhibiting activating phosphorylations of the transcription factors, STAT1 and STAT5, and blocking subsequent production of IL-6 and TNF-α and indicate that CopA3 may be useful as an immune-modulating agent.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Insectos/farmacología , Insectos/química , Lipopolisacáridos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Proteínas de Insectos/síntesis química , Proteínas de Insectos/química , Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Fosforilación , Factor de Transcripción STAT1/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo
4.
NPJ Vaccines ; 7(1): 45, 2022 Apr 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35459225

RESUMEN

Herpes zoster (HZ) is caused by reactivation of latent varicella-zoster virus (VZV) when VZV-specific cellular immunity is insufficient to control reactivation. Currently, Shingrix, which contains the VZV gE protein and GSK's AS01B adjuvant composed of liposomes formulated with cholesterol, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS21, is used for prevention of HZ. However, reactogenicity to Shingrix is common leading to poor patient compliance in receiving one or both shots. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity of a newly formulated gE protein-based HZ vaccine containing Second-generation Lipid Adjuvant (SLA), a synthetic TLR4 ligand, formulated in an oil-in-water emulsion (SLA-SE) without QS21 (gE/SLA-SE). In VZV-primed mouse models, gE/SLA-SE-induced gE-specific humoral and cellular immune responses at comparable levels to those elicited by Shingrix in young mice, as both gE/SLA-SE and Shingrix induce polyfunctional CD4+ T-cell responses. In aged mice, gE/SLA-SE elicited more robust gE-specific T-cell responses than Shingrix. Furthermore, gE/SLA-SE-induced T-cell responses were sustained until 5 months after immunization. Thus, QS21-free, gE/SLA-SE is a promising candidate for development of gE-based HZ vaccines with high immunogenicity-particularly when targeting an older population.

5.
J Biol Chem ; 285(43): 32888-32896, 2010 Oct 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20696758

RESUMEN

Clostridium difficile toxin A is known to cause actin disaggregation through the enzymatic inactivation of intracellular Rho proteins. Based on the rapid and severe cell rounding of toxin A-exposed cells, we speculated that toxin A may be involved in post-translational modification of tubulin, leading to microtubule instability. In the current study, we observed that toxin A strongly reduced α-tubulin acetylation in human colonocytes and mouse intestine. Fractionation analysis demonstrated that toxin A-induced α-tubulin deacetylation yielded monomeric tubulin, indicating the presence of microtubule depolymerization. Inhibition of the glucosyltransferase activity against Rho proteins of toxin A by UDP-2',3'-dialdehyde significantly abrogated toxin A-induced α-tubulin deacetylation. In colonocytes treated with trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of the HDAC6 tubulin deacetylase, toxin A-induced α-tubulin deacetylation and loss of tight junction were completely blocked. Administration of TSA also attenuated proinflammatory cytokine production, mucosal damage, and epithelial cell apoptosis in mouse intestine exposed to toxin A. These results suggest that toxin A causes microtubule depolymerization by activation of HDAC6-mediated tubulin deacetylation. Indeed, blockage of HDAC6 by TSA markedly attenuates α-tubulin deacetylation, proinflammatory cytokine production, and mucosal damage in a toxin A-induced mouse enteritis model. Tubulin deacetylation is an important component of the intestinal inflammatory cascade following toxin A-mediated Rho inactivation in vitro and in vivo.


Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/toxicidad , Enteritis/metabolismo , Enterotoxinas/toxicidad , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional/efectos de los fármacos , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Acetilación/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Enteritis/inducido químicamente , Enteritis/tratamiento farmacológico , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 6 , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Ratones , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética , Uridina Difosfato/análogos & derivados , Uridina Difosfato/farmacología , Proteínas de Unión al GTP rho/metabolismo
6.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother ; 55(10): 4850-7, 2011 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21807975

RESUMEN

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis are typically treated with vancomycin or metronidazole, but recent increases in relapse incidence and the emergence of drug-resistant strains of C. difficile indicate the need for new antibiotics. We previously isolated coprisin, an antibacterial peptide from Copris tripartitus, a Korean dung beetle, and identified a nine-amino-acid peptide in the α-helical region of it (LLCIALRKK) that had antimicrobial activity (J.-S. Hwang et al., Int. J. Pept., 2009, doi:10.1155/2009/136284). Here, we examined whether treatment with a coprisin analogue (a disulfide dimer of the nine peptides) prevented inflammation and mucosal damage in a mouse model of acute gut inflammation established by administration of antibiotics followed by C. difficile infection. In this model, coprisin treatment significantly ameliorated body weight decreases, improved the survival rate, and decreased mucosal damage and proinflammatory cytokine production. In contrast, the coprisin analogue had no apparent antibiotic activity against commensal bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, which are known to inhibit the colonization of C. difficile. The exposure of C. difficile to the coprisin analogue caused a marked increase in nuclear propidium iodide (PI) staining, indicating membrane damage; the staining levels were similar to those seen with bacteria treated with a positive control for membrane disruption (EDTA). In contrast, coprisin analogue treatment did not trigger increases in the nuclear PI staining of Bifidobacterium thermophilum. This observation suggests that the antibiotic activity of the coprisin analogue may occur through specific membrane disruption of C. difficile. Thus, these results indicate that the coprisin analogue may prove useful as a therapeutic agent for C. difficile infection-associated inflammatory diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Clostridioides difficile/efectos de los fármacos , Enterocolitis Seudomembranosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas de Insectos/uso terapéutico , Oligopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bifidobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Membrana Celular/patología , Clostridioides difficile/aislamiento & purificación , Escarabajos/metabolismo , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Enterocolitis Seudomembranosa/microbiología , Proteínas de Insectos/química , Proteínas de Insectos/farmacología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Lactobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Oligopéptidos/química , Oligopéptidos/farmacología
7.
Eur J Immunol ; 40(2): 351-8, 2010 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19950168

RESUMEN

IL-7 plays a crucial role in the homeostatic proliferation, differentiation and survival of T cells, as well as in the survival and proliferation of precursor B cells. Here, we demonstrated that utilizing nonlytic Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-Fc(m)) as a genetic adjuvant significantly enhanced not only CD4(+) but also CD8(+) T-cell responses by E7 DNA immunization, in addition to improving protection against TC-1-induced tumors in comparison to IL-7 alone. Similar results were obtained in OT-1 adoptive transfer experiments with OVA DNA injection, suggesting independence from antigenic nature and experimental conditions. In particular, the increased frequency of CD8(+) T cells was mainly due to enhanced T-cell proliferation in T-cell priming, and not to decreased cellular apoptosis. Interestingly, the enhanced adjuvant effect was not seen in the co-delivery of lytic Fc-fused IL-7 (IL-7-Fc) which increases T-cell apoptosis as well as T-cell proliferation, suggesting that the T-cell proliferative effect may be neutralized by T-cell apoptosis. Thus, our findings suggest that nonlytic Fc, in contrast to lytic Fc, fusion to cytokines may provide an insight in designing a potent genetic adjuvant for inducing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell responses.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos/inmunología , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/inmunología , Interleucina-7/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/citología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/citología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva , Interleucina-7/genética , Interleucina-7/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Neoplasias Experimentales/inmunología , Neoplasias Experimentales/patología , Neoplasias Experimentales/terapia , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/inmunología , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/metabolismo , Ovalbúmina/inmunología , Proteínas E7 de Papillomavirus , Linfocitos T/citología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Vacunación/métodos , Vacunas de ADN/inmunología
8.
Antioxidants (Basel) ; 9(11)2020 Nov 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33182509

RESUMEN

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (pNENs) account for 2-3% of pancreatic malignancies. Peroxiredoxins (Prdxs), which are major cellular antioxidants, are involved in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. We investigated the role of peroxiredoxin-2 in QGP-1 human pNEN cell line and patient-derived pNEN tissue. To validate the cancer stem cell-like cell characteristics of QGP-1 cells in spheroid culture, in vitro analyses and xenografting were performed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining was conducted to verify the overexpression of Prdx2 in pNEN tissue. Prdx2 expression was high at the mRNA and protein levels in QGP-1 cells. Prdx2 was also overexpressed in patient-derived pNEN tissue. Silencing of Prdx2 using siRNA induced overexpression and phosphorylation of ERK and AKT in QGP-1. Cell proliferation was increased by treating QGP-1 cells with siPrdx2, and the IC50 of everolimus increased suggesting resistance to everolimus. Interestingly, QGP-1 spheroid cells, which exhibited cancer stem cell-like features, exhibited lower expression of Prdx2 and mTOR. The results suggest that Prdx2 expression level and its activity may be a potential predictive biomarker for therapeutic response or resistance to everolimus in pNEN.

9.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 381(2): 153-8, 2009 Apr 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19233129

RESUMEN

Inhibitory heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins (Gi proteins) mediate a variety of signaling pathways by coupling receptors and effectors to regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, the role of Gi proteins in the modulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis is not clearly understood. Thus, we investigated the effect of Gi proteins on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms in H1299 human lung cancer cells. The stable expression of constitutively active alpha subunits of Gi1 (Galphai1QL), Gi2, or Gi3 inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. The expression of Galphai1QL up-regulated Bcl-2 expression, and the knockdown of Bcl-2 with siRNA abolished the anti-apoptotic effect of Galphai1QL. Galphai1 induced the transcription of Bcl-2 by activation of NF-kappaB, which resulted from an increase in NF-kappaB p50 protein. We conclude that Galphai1 inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of H1299 lung cancer cells by up-regulating the transcription of Bcl-2 through a p50-mediated NF-kappaB activation.


Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Subunidades alfa de la Proteína de Unión al GTP Gi-Go/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Regulación hacia Arriba
10.
World Neurosurg ; 110: e806-e814, 2018 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29180080

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The long-term outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is determined by many confounding factors. Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is linked to atherosclerotic stroke, and it is an important cause of death during the perioperative and follow-up periods after CEA. We aimed to investigate mortality and long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with IHD compared with patients who do not have IHD. METHODS: We consecutively enrolled 229 patients who underwent CEA procedures from 2000 to 2011. Of these patients, 45 had known or probable IHD defined by history or medical record of myocardial infarction, stable/unstable angina, previous coronary revascularization such as percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass graft, or positive stress test. Long-term outcome was identified by using death certificates from the Korean National Statistical Office and telephone interviews by June 2013. We investigated predictors of early (≤30 days) and long-term mortality and MACEs (stroke, myocardial infarction, and death). RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 49 months. Cox proportional analysis adjusted for potent predictors revealed symptomatic stenosis (hazard ratio, 1.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.88; P = 0.042) and presence of IHD (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-3.42; P = 0.025) as significant predictors of long-term MACEs. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significantly lower rate of survival (P = 0.030) and MACE-free survival (P = 0.003) in the IHD group. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a poor long-term outcome was observed in patients with IHD and symptomatic stenosis but not in patients with conventional high-risk factors for surgery. Therefore, appropriate evaluation and treatment of IHD before and after CEA might be helpful for better outcome.


Asunto(s)
Endarterectomía Carotidea , Isquemia Miocárdica , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estenosis Coronaria/mortalidad , Estenosis Coronaria/cirugía , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isquemia Miocárdica/mortalidad , Isquemia Miocárdica/cirugía , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento
11.
Int J Cardiol ; 227: 571-576, 2017 Jan 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27829525

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We tested a hypothesis that the 2 fundamental components of early repolarization (ER), J wave and ST elevation (STE) might have different prevalence and prognostic implications. METHODS: The study population comprised 26,345 general ambulatory Korean subjects (mean 48.0±10.2years old, 53.2% male) who underwent medical checkups from January 2002 to December 2002. ER was found in 2950 subjects (11.2%), who were divided into 3 groups (J [J wave only, n=1874, 7.1%], JST [both J wave and STE, n=489, 1.8%], and ST [STE only, n=587, 2.3%]). RESULTS: The prevalence of STE decreased with age, whereas J waves remained at a constant level in all age groups. The most common pattern of ER was the J pattern, with a horizontal/descending ST segment in the inferior leads; in lateral precordial leads, ST or JST patterns with ascending ST segments were more common. During the mean follow-up of 126.0±11.1months, a total of 710 subjects died (2.7%). Subjects in the J group were at higher risk (Hazard ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.01, p<0.001), while those in the JST and ST groups showed similar survival outcomes compared to controls without J waves or STE. CONCLUSIONS: J waves and STE showed different age and lead distributions and prognostic implications. The presence of the J wave itself was associated with a higher relative risk of mortality. However, due to the low event rate, its clinical significance appears to be limited.


Asunto(s)
Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/terapia , Muerte Súbita Cardíaca/prevención & control , Electrocardiografía , Sistema de Conducción Cardíaco/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Atención Ambulatoria/métodos , Análisis de Varianza , Arritmias Cardíacas/mortalidad , Causas de Muerte , Estudios de Cohortes , Intervalos de Confianza , Técnicas Electrofisiológicas Cardíacas , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , República de Corea , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento
12.
J Am Heart Assoc ; 5(10)2016 10 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27702804

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic tandem intracranial lesions (TILs) on intracranial magnetic resonance angiography, which develop flow dependently, have been overlooked clinically in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. As they represent severe baseline hemodynamic compromise at the segment, they may be associated with distinctive clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed 304 consecutive carotid endarterectomy cases treated over 3 years. Included cases had both preoperative and postoperative intracranial 3-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, of which signal intensities are flow dependent, and postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging (≤3 days following carotid endarterectomy). Preoperative TILs in the ipsilateral intracranial arteries were evaluated by the presence of nonexclusive components: focal stenosis (>50%), diffuse stenosis (>50%), and decreased signal intensities (>50%). The components showing postoperative normalization were considered hemodynamic. TILs with hemodynamic components were defined as hemodynamic TILs, while others as consistent TILs. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were analyzed among 3 groups: no TILs, consistent TILs, and hemodynamic TILs. Preoperative TILs were identified in 104 (34.2%) cases; 54 (17.8%) had hemodynamic components. Diffuse stenosis and decreased signal intensities were usually reversed postoperatively. Patients with hemodynamic TILs tended to have severe proximal carotid stenosis and recent strokes (≤14 days). For the outcome, hemodynamic TILs were independently associated with the advent of postoperative ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging (odds ratio: 2.50; 95% CI, 1.20-5.20). CONCLUSIONS: In patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy, a significant number of preoperative TILs demonstrated hemodynamic components, which were reversed postoperatively. The presence of such components was distinctively associated with the postoperative incidence of new ischemic lesions.


Asunto(s)
Isquemia Encefálica/epidemiología , Estenosis Carotídea/epidemiología , Endarterectomía Carotidea , Enfermedades Arteriales Intracraneales/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/epidemiología , Anciano , Estenosis Carotídea/diagnóstico por imagen , Estenosis Carotídea/cirugía , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Comorbilidad , Constricción Patológica , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Femenino , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Enfermedades Arteriales Intracraneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Angiografía por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , República de Corea/epidemiología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía Doppler
13.
Korean J Gastroenterol ; 46(6): 471-4, 2005 Dec.
Artículo en Coreano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16371722

RESUMEN

Usual sources of subphrenic abscess with intestinal fistula are previous abdominal operation, inflammatory bowel disease and malignancy. Reported cases of intestinal fistula caused by adenocarcinoma were complicated by direct invasion. In this report, a 70-year-old male had a subphrenic abscess with intestinal fistula and the cause was a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. As far as we know, this has not been reported previously in the literatures. The abscess went on chronic course for six months because intermittent administration of antibiotics modified its clinical presentation. The fistulous tract between the abscess and ileum was demonstrated by tubogram via the drainage catheter in abscess. The patient underwent surgical treatment because the cause of fistula was obscure. Invasion of the ileum by metastatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by the histologic examination of surgical specimen. Therefore, when a fistula develops without any apparent cause, there is a possibility of malignancy, and surgical approach must be considered. An early surgical approach will prevent the delay in treatment and reduce the mortality.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Enfermedades del Íleon/etiología , Neoplasias del Íleon/secundario , Fístula Intestinal/etiología , Neoplasias Primarias Desconocidas , Absceso Subfrénico/etiología , Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Anciano , Humanos , Enfermedades del Íleon/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Íleon/complicaciones , Neoplasias del Íleon/diagnóstico , Fístula Intestinal/diagnóstico , Masculino , Absceso Subfrénico/diagnóstico
14.
Korean J Gastroenterol ; 46(1): 56-9, 2005 Jul.
Artículo en Coreano | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16030405

RESUMEN

Gemella morbillorum, an anaerobic-to-aerotolerant Gram-positive coccus, is a normal flora of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, urogenital organ and gastrointestinal tract, and infections caused by this organism are unusual. It has been associated mainly with endocarditis and bacteremia, and rarely with arthritis, spondylodiscitis, meningitis, brain abscess and septic shock. Liver abscess caused by G. morbillorum is very rare, and only a few cases were reported. We experienced a case of liver abscess by G. morbillorum in a 56-year-old woman presented with fever. We report this case with a review of literatures.


Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/diagnóstico , Absceso Hepático/microbiología , Staphylococcaceae , Femenino , Humanos , Absceso Hepático/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X
15.
Oncol Rep ; 34(4): 2065-71, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26239260

RESUMEN

Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cells present profound epigenetic alterations in addition to featuring classic genetic mutations. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, can potently inhibit tumor growth and induce differentiation. However, the effect and underlying mechanism of VPA on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain unclear. In the present study we investigated the effects of VPA on the characteristics of HNSCC CSCs in vitro and in vivo. As a result, VPA inhibited the self-renewal abilities of HNSCC CSCs during two serial passages and decreased the expression of stem cell markers, such as Oct4, Sox2 and CD44. VPA also potentiated the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin by suppressing the ABCC2 and ABCC6 transporters as well as by inducing caspase-mediated apoptosis. In addition, the combination of VPA and cisplatin attenuated tumor growth and induced apoptosis in a xenograft model. Our results suggest that VPA might be a potential therapeutic strategy in combination with conventional cisplatin for HNSCC patients by elimination of CSC traits.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Autorrenovación de las Células/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/tratamiento farmacológico , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Valproico/administración & dosificación , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Cisplatino/farmacología , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/genética , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteína 2 Asociada a Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros/genética , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/genética , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/metabolismo , Ácido Valproico/farmacología , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de Xenoinjerto
16.
J Clin Neurol ; 11(4): 364-71, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26320844

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The benefit of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is directly influenced by the risk of perioperative adverse outcomes. However, patient-level risks and predictors including coronary stenosis are rarely evaluated, especially in Asian patients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the vascular risk factors underlying CEA, including coronary stenosis, and postoperative outcome. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-three consecutive CEAs from our hospital records were included in this analysis. All patients underwent coronary computed tomography angiography before CEA. Data were analyzed to determine the vascular outcomes in patients with mild-to-moderate vs. severe coronary stenosis and high vs. standard operative risk, based on the criteria for high operative risk defined in the Stenting and Angioplasty with Protection in Patients at High Risk for Endarterectomy (SAPPHIRE) trial. The vascular outcome was defined as the occurrence of postoperative (≤30 days) stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), or death. RESULTS: An adverse vascular outcome occurred in 8 of the 153 CEAs, with 6 strokes, 2 MIs, and 3 deaths. The vascular outcome differed significantly between the groups with mild-to-moderate and severe coronary stenosis (p=0.024), but not between the high- and standard-operative-risk groups (stratified according to operative risk as defined in the SAPPHIRE trial). Multivariable analysis adjusting for potent predictors revealed that severe coronary stenosis (odds ratio, 6.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-39.22) was a significant predictor of the early vascular outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Severe coronary stenosis was identified herein as an independent predictor of an adverse early vascular outcome.

17.
J Microbiol Biotechnol ; 24(5): 696-703, 2014 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24509250

RESUMEN

Clostridium difficile causes mucosal damage and diarrhea by releasing two exotoxins: toxin A and toxin B. C. difficile colitis is associated with alterations in bowel flora and the failure to mount an effective antibody response. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether antitoxin sera prevent toxin-A-induced apoptosis, cytoskeletal disaggregation, cell detachment, and tight junction loss in cultured colonic epithelial cells. Serum samples were isolated from mice that survived a C. difficile infection following antibiotic treatment, and the antitoxin effects of these samples were investigated in toxin-A-exposed HT29 colonic epithelial cells and a toxin-A-induced animal model of gut inflammation. Unchallenged mice did not produce IgG against toxin A, whereas serum (antiserum) from C. difficile-challenged mice showed significant IgG responses against toxin A. Treatment with the antiserum markedly inhibited mucosal damage and inflammation in the toxin-A-treated mouse model. In contrast to control mouse serum, the antiserum also markedly inhibited toxin-A-induced DNA fragmentation, dephosphorylation of paxillin and Epo receptor (EpoR), deacetylation of tubulin, and upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53. Taken together, these results reveal that the generated antitoxin serum has biotherapeutic effects in preventing various C. difficile toxin-A-induced cellular toxicities.


Asunto(s)
Toxinas Bacterianas/efectos adversos , Clostridioides difficile/inmunología , Enterocolitis Seudomembranosa/inmunología , Enterotoxinas/efectos adversos , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Animales , Antitoxinas/inmunología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/inmunología , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Celular/inmunología , Línea Celular , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/inmunología , Colitis/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Células HT29 , Humanos , Sueros Inmunes/farmacología , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Ratones , Transducción de Señal , Estrés Fisiológico
18.
PLoS One ; 9(6): e98178, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24892548

RESUMEN

Human immunoglobulin heavy chain variable domains (VH) are promising scaffolds for antigen binding. However, VH is an unstable and aggregation-prone protein, hindering its use for therapeutic purposes. To evolve the VH domain, we performed in vivo protein solubility selection that linked antibiotic resistance to the protein folding quality control mechanism of the twin-arginine translocation pathway of E. coli. After screening a human germ-line VH library, 95% of the VH proteins obtained were identified as VH3 family members; one VH protein, MG2x1, stood out among separate clones expressing individual VH variants. With further screening of combinatorial framework mutation library of MG2x1, we found a consistent bias toward substitution with tryptophan at the position of 50 and 58 in VH. Comparison of the crystal structures of the VH variants revealed that those substitutions with bulky side chain amino acids filled the cavity in the VH interface between heavy and light chains of the Fab arrangement along with the increased number of hydrogen bonds, decreased solvation energy, and increased negative charge. Accordingly, the engineered VH acquires an increased level of thermodynamic stability, reversible folding, and soluble expression. The library built with the VH variant as a scaffold was qualified as most of VH clones selected randomly were expressed as soluble form in E. coli regardless length of the combinatorial CDR. Furthermore, a non-aggregation feature of the selected VH conferred a free of humoral response in mice, even when administered together with adjuvant. As a result, this selection provides an alternative directed evolution pathway for unstable proteins, which are distinct from conventional methods based on the phage display.


Asunto(s)
Evolución Molecular Dirigida/métodos , Cadenas Pesadas de Inmunoglobulina/química , Región Variable de Inmunoglobulina/química , Ingeniería de Proteínas , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Fenómenos Biofísicos , Dicroismo Circular , Regiones Determinantes de Complementariedad/química , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Células Germinativas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inmunidad Humoral/inmunología , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación/genética , Desnaturalización Proteica , Pliegue de Proteína , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Solubilidad , Estrés Fisiológico , Termodinámica
19.
BMB Rep ; 47(9): 494-9, 2014 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24393524

RESUMEN

NADH:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is known to be involved in the regulation of energy synthesis and metabolism, and the functional studies of NQO1 have largely focused on metabolic disorders. Here, we show for the first time that compared to NQO1-WT mice, NQO1-KO mice exhibited a marked increase of permeability and spontaneous inflammation in the gut. In the DSS-induced colitis model, NQO1-KO mice showed more severe inflammatory responses than NQO1-WT mice. Interestingly, the transcript levels of claudin and occludin, the major tight junction molecules of gut epithelial cells, were significantly decreased in NQO1-KO mice. The colons of NQO1-KO mice also showed high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, which are known to affect transcriptional regulation. Taken together, these novel findings indicate that NQO1 contributes to the barrier function of gut epithelial cells by regulating the transcription of tight junction molecules.


Asunto(s)
Células Epiteliales/enzimología , NAD(P)H Deshidrogenasa (Quinona)/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/enzimología , Animales , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Células Cultivadas , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/metabolismo , Colitis/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Regulación hacia Abajo , Células Epiteliales/citología , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasas/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Noqueados , NAD(P)H Deshidrogenasa (Quinona)/deficiencia , NAD(P)H Deshidrogenasa (Quinona)/genética , Ocludina/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo
20.
Am J Cardiol ; 113(12): 1977-85, 2014 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24795169

RESUMEN

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) can reduce cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in coronary artery disease. Long coronary artery lesions may be associated with adverse outcomes after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate angiographic outcomes after a comprehensive CR program in patients with DESs for long coronary artery lesions. A total of 576 patients treated with DESs for long (≥25 mm) coronary lesions were enrolled in this prospective CR registry. Comprehensive CR programs were successfully performed in 288 patients (50%). The primary end point was in-stent late luminal loss at the 9-month angiographic follow-up. There were few significant differences between the CR and non-CR groups in terms of baseline characteristics, including clinical, angiographic, and procedural variables. The rate of in-stent late luminal loss in the CR group was 35% less than in the usual care group (0.19 ± 0.33 mm in CR vs 0.29 ± 0.45 mm in non-CR, difference 0.08 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.16, p = 0.02) at the 9-month follow-up. After propensity-matched analysis (224 pairs), the results were consistent (0.18 ± 0.31 mm in CR vs 0.28 ± 0.41 mm in non-CR, difference 0.10 mm, 95% confidence interval 0.02 to 0.18, p = 0.02). The CR group showed a significant improvement in the overall risk profile compared with the non-CR group, including current smoking, biochemical profiles, depression, obesity, and exercise capacity. In conclusion, the comprehensive CR program significantly reduced late luminal loss after DES implantation for long coronary lesions. This may be associated with significant improvements in exercise capacity and overall risk profile.


Asunto(s)
Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón/métodos , Angiografía Coronaria/métodos , Enfermedad Coronaria/rehabilitación , Reestenosis Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Stents Liberadores de Fármacos , Rehabilitación/métodos , Anciano , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón/mortalidad , Enfermedad Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Coronaria/mortalidad , Enfermedad Coronaria/terapia , Reestenosis Coronaria/mortalidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Sistema de Registros , Medición de Riesgo , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular/fisiología
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