Risk management in providing specialized care for people living with AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: Analyzing the provision of actions related to managing clinical risk in managing specialized care for people living with AIDS. METHOD: A cross-sectional study carried out in a reference outpatient clinic in Paraíba, with a sample of 150 adults with AIDS. Data were collected through primary and secondary sources using a structured questionnaire, analyzed using descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis and logistic regression model to determine the association between "providing care" and "clinical risk." RESULTS: Actions with satisfactory provision express a biological care focus; the dimensions that most contributed to a satisfactory assessment of care provision were "clinical and laboratory evaluations" and "prevention and self-care incentivization"; 45.3% of participants were categorized into high clinical risk, 34% into average clinical risk, and 20.7% into low clinical risk; a positive association between providing care and clinical risk was found. CONCLUSION: The need to use risk classification technologies to direct the planning of local care provision became evident considering its requirements, and thus qualifying the care provided in these areas. OBJETIVO: Analisar a oferta de ações relacionadas ao manejo de risco clínico na gestão do cuidado especializado a pessoas vivendo com aids. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal realizado em ambulatório de referência na Paraíba, com amostra de 150 adultos com aids. Os dados foram coletados por meio de fontes primárias e secundárias utilizando-se de formulário estruturado, e analisados através de estatística descritiva, análise de correspondência múltipla e modelo de regressão logística para averiguar a associação entre "oferta" e "risco clínico". RESULTADOS: As ações de oferta satisfatória expressam foco biologicista do cuidado; as dimensões que mais contribuíram para o julgamento satisfatório da oferta foram "avaliação clínica e laboratorial" e "prevenção e estímulo ao autocuidado"; 45,3% dos participantes foram categorizados em risco clínico alto, 34% em risco clínico médio, e 20,7% em risco clínico baixo; e verificou-se associação positiva entre oferta e risco clínico. CONCLUSÃO: Ficou evidente a necessidade da utilização de tecnologias de classificação de risco para direcionar o planejamento da oferta local, considerando-se as necessidades, e assim qualificar o cuidado produzido nestes espaços.

Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in primary health care.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in non-hospitalized Brazilian adults who presented severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection symptoms and attended primary health care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a routine standardized diagnostic screening questionnaire applied in a Brazilian primary care facility. The olfactory and taste disorder occurrence was compared between severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-negative cases and described by age and sex. RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive patients had a higher proportion of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders, as compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome-negative (50.7%, vs. 20.6%, p<0.0001). Of all individuals with self-reported olfactory and taste disorder cases, 69% presented both olfactory and taste impairments, 13% olfactory only, and 17% taste only. In severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive cases, the frequency of olfactory and taste disorders was significantly higher among females as compared with males (71% vs. 34%). Additionally, people with olfactory and taste disorders were significantly younger in the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive group. CONCLUSION: Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders are highly common among non-hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive Brazilian people who attended the Family Health Care Unit. The co-occurrence of both self-reported olfactory and taste disorders was more frequent than self-reported olfactory or taste disorders alone.

Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale-Brazil (VTDS-BR): Validation Based on Internal Consistency, Reliability, and Accuracy.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale for the Brazilian Portuguese (VTDS-BR), based on internal consistency, reliability, and accuracy. METHODS: The participants were 431 adults of both sexes, divided in two groups: dysphonia (DG) and vocally healthy (VHG). We built a digital database with personal, professional information and the item-by-item VTDS-BR responses of the participants. We applied Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis; confirmatory factor analysis; Item Response Theory (IRT) using the Samejima model; and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve analysis to obtain the VTDS-BR cut-off point. RESULTS: The VTDS-BR has an eight-item structure and two factors: vocal hyperfunction without phonotraumatic injury and with phonotraumatic injury. Each item is evaluated based on two facets related to frequency and intensity, with a Likert scale response key. There are four possible answers: never, sometimes, often, and always for frequency and none, mild, moderate, and intense for intensity. We applied an IRT model, which allowed the identification of which items are more related to dysphonia, based on higher values in the parameters discrimination (a) and difficulty (b), which contributed to the calculation of each participant's aptitude for the development of voice problems, by means of a score. The cut-off value was determined using the ROC curve, in which values greater than - 1.432 indicate a higher probability of voice alterations. CONCLUSION: VTDS-BR went through the stages of validation of internal consistency, reliability, and accuracy. It presents an 8-item, two-factor, and two-facet structure to assess frequency and intensity of vocal tract discomfort symptoms. VTDS-BR is suitable for clinical use or in screening activities, as it is quick to apply and its interpretation is indicative of people with and without phonotraumatic injury.

Voice and Self-Regulation: Integrating Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the relationship between self-regulation and voice behavior according to national and international literature. METHODS: A literature survey was performed using the PubMed, LILACS, and SciELO databases. The search terms used were the following: self-regulation, self-control, combined with voice, voice disorders, and dysphonia, in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Articles that addressed self-regulation and voice behavior or voice disorders published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were included, without restriction of date. The variables preselected for the data organization were authors, database, country, impact factor, journal, type of study, sample size, sample characteristics, methods for data collection, group comparison, objective, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 10,176 articles were identified in the databases, of which 10 were selected based on title, read in full, and kept for data analysis. The studies were found predominantly in American journals and were published between 2013 and 2019. The United States published most articles, and the predominant methodological aspect was observational and cross-sectional. CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of articles, the studies analyzed can show self-regulation as an important factor in vocal behavior and call attention to its performance in voice disorders.

Factorial Analysis of the Brazilian Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale in patients with dysphonia.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale, known as Escala de Desconforto do Trato Vocal (EDTV), based on factor analysis, in patients with dysphonia. METHODS: This was a retrospective documentary and cross-sectional study. The study database contained sociodemographic variables, laryngeal diagnosis, auditory-perceptual evaluation and EDTV items. All of these variables were extracted from the medical records of 310 patients seen at the Integrated Laboratory of Voice Studies. A descriptive statistical analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. RESULTS: The sample consisted of patients of both sexes with a mean age of 39.36 (SD = 15.80) years; the majority were female and were nonvoice professionals. The EFA grouped the EDTV items into four factors according to the interitem correlations. The CFA grouped the EDTV items into three factors because the last two factors found in the EFA were correlated and constituted a single factor. Thus, the CFA revealed that the EDTV was organized as follows: Factor 1, "Hybrid," comprised the items corresponding to the frequency and severity of the symptoms of burning, sore, and irritated throat; Factor 2, "Inflammatory process/tissue lesion," comprised the items related to throat itching and throat sensitivity; and Factor 3, "Muscle discomfort," comprised the items related to symptoms of tightness, dryness, and the sensation of a lump in the throat. Item responses are dichotomous (High/Low), and the result is determined by the sum of the responses, in which high frequency/severity is assigned two points and reduced frequency/severity assigned one point. CONCLUSIONS: The CFA allows the proposal of an adjustment to the EDTV and suggests that the described changes be made to the instrument to make it a scale with three factors that behave differently but are related.

Factors associated with the quality of life of caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of life and associated factors in caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. METHOD: Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the Children Information System of Adolescents with Chronic Diseases. The sample consisted of 143 caregivers. Data collection took place between August and October 2018. For data analysis, chi-square statistics and Binary Logistic Regression were used. RESULTS: Through the study it was possible to identify that the variables that had impact on the low quality of life of the caregiver were: greater number of children with chronic conditions, routine use of medication, and financial limitations, which were considered risk factors. In turn, owning a home and having emotional support were protective factors. CONCLUSION: It was observed that the caregivers had low quality of life, and knowledge of the factors that contribute to this may enable an outstanding care to the caregiver.

Classification of clinical risk in people with AIDS followed up in specialized care.

AIM: To develop a clinical risk stratification score for people living with AIDS and to analyze its association with clinical and sociodemographic aspects. METHOD: Cross-sectional study involving 150 adults with AIDS, in outpatient follow-up. A structured instrument was applied and, sequentially, inferential statistical techniques on the developed score. RESULTS: 45.3% of the participants were classified as in high clinical risk. TL-CD4+ <500cel/mm3 count, detectable viral load, presence of opportunistic diseases, chronic diseases and clinical manifestations were associated with high clinical risk. There was a significant difference in the mean risk between the categories of variables employment status (p = 0.003) and economic class (p = 0.035). There was a higher risk for brown people (OR = 5.55), unemployed status (OR = 16,51) and belonging to classes C (OR = 20.07) and D (OR = 53,32), and a lower risk for individuals with higher schooling (OR = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The proposed score quantifies clinical situations and points out sociodemographic aspects that predispose to instability and aggravation of AIDS, supporting the qualification of care.

Olfactory and taste disorders in COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in primary health care

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in non-hospitalized Brazilian adults who presented severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection symptoms and attended primary health care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a routine standardized diagnostic screening questionnaire applied in a Brazilian primary care facility. The olfactory and taste disorder occurrence was compared between severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-negative cases and described by age and sex. RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive patients had a higher proportion of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders, as compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome-negative (50.7%, vs. 20.6%, p<0.0001). Of all individuals with self-reported olfactory and taste disorder cases, 69% presented both olfactory and taste impairments, 13% olfactory only, and 17% taste only. In severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive cases, the frequency of olfactory and taste disorders was significantly higher among females as compared with males (71% vs. 34%). Additionally, people with olfactory and taste disorders were significantly younger in the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive group. CONCLUSION: Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders are highly common among non-hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive Brazilian people who attended the Family Health Care Unit. The co-occurrence of both self-reported olfactory and taste disorders was more frequent than self-reported olfactory or taste disorders alone.

Depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope of people with HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze conditions of depression, self-concept, future expectations and hope in people with HIV/AIDS. METHOD: Cross-sectional survey of 108 individuals living with HIV/AIDS, carried out in a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases in Northeast Brazil. The following instruments were employed: sociodemographic data, and questionnaires for ascertaining participants' emotions, including scales for self-concept, hope, depression (HAMD-D), and future expectations. Descriptive statistics using the following tests were performed: Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square, and t-test-considered significant when p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: 31.5% presented mild depression and 21.3% presented moderate depression; 63% reported difficulty in obtaining decent employment; 52.8% considered life a failure; 52.8% felt worthless. Fear, guilt and loneliness influenced self-concept (p ≤ 0.05). Loneliness influenced hope (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION: It is necessary to raise the attention of nursing professionals and healthcare managers to the importance of providing health services that consider the mental health of people with HIV/AIDS, contributing to treatment adherence and well-being.

Estudo da mortalidade infantil nos estados brasileiros utilizando aplicação de dados em painel / Study of child mortality in brazilian states using panel data application / Estudio de mortalidad infantil en estados brasileños mediante aplicación de datos de panel

Este trabalho tem como objetivo determinar uma relação linear entre a Taxa de Mortalidade Infantil (TMI) e um conjunto de variáveis socioeconômicas observadas por unidades federativas no período de 2005 à 2010 utilizando o modelo de dados em painel de efeitos fixo e aleatório. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem quantitativa, com utilização dos Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e em seguida utilizou-se o software R para realizar esta análise de dados com a função plm. Resultados: os estudos mostram que o modelo mais adequado é o de efeito fixo com transformação logarítmica nas variáveis independentes e na variável dependente que foram as seguintes: TMI, taxa de analfabetismo, PIB per capita, proporção pessoas com baixa renda, percentual da população servida por rede de abastecimento de água e a proporção da população servida por coleta de lixo. Conclusão: As variáveis independentes que causam impacto significativo na TMI são taxa de analfabetismo, PIB per capita e proporção de pessoas com baixa renda.

This work aims to determine a linear relationship between the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) and a set of socioeconomic variables observed by federative units in the period from 2005 to 2010 using the fixed and random effects panel data model. Methodology: this is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, using the Mortality Information System (SIM) and the Live Birth Information System (SINASC) and then using the R software to perform this data analysis with the plm function. Results: studies show that the most appropriate model is the fixed effect model with logarithmic transformation in the independent variables and the dependent variable, which were as follows: IMR, illiteracy rate, GDP per capita, proportion of people with low income, percentage of the population served by water supply network and the proportion of the population served by garbage collection. Conclusion: The independent variables that have a significant impact on IMR are the illiteracy rate, GDP per capita and the proportion of people with low income.

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar una relación lineal entre la Tasa de Mortalidad Infantil (TMI) y un conjunto de variables socioeconómicas observadas por las unidades federativas en el período 2005 a 2010 utilizando el modelo de datos de panel de efectos fijos y aleatorios. Metodología: se trata de un estudio descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y el Sistema de Información de Nacidos Vivos (SINASC) y luego utilizando el software R para realizar este análisis de datos con la función plm. Resultados: los estudios muestran que el modelo más adecuado es el modelo de efectos fijos con transformación logarítmica en las variables independientes y la variable dependiente, las cuales fueron las siguientes: TMI, tasa de analfabetismo, PIB per cápita, proporción de personas con bajos ingresos, porcentaje de la población atendida por red de suministro de agua y la proporción de la población atendida por recolección de basura. Conclusión: Las variables independientes que tienen un impacto significativo en la TMI son la tasa de analfabetismo, el PIB per cápita y la proporción de personas con bajos ingresos.

A predictive model for retention in specialized HIV/AIDS care. / Modelo preditivo de retenção no cuidado especializado em HIV/aids.

The establishment of universal targets for HIV/AIDS control and the implementation of treatment as prevention reinforce the need for on-going clinical follow-up of persons living with HIV/AIDS as an essential element of their care, where retention in care is both a need and a challenge. This study aimed to create a predictive model for retention of persons living with HIV/AIDS in health care. A decision tree statistical model was created, based on sociodemographic, clinical, and health behavior variables, identified in a database with information from 260 persons with HIV/AIDS, enrolled in a specialized treatment service. The model enabled the identification of nine variables with significant information gains in relation to the outcome variable, probable retention in health care, and the development of 24 decision rules, giving rise to a decision tree with 80.4% correct answers, which can help identify possible strategies to optimize retention and contribute to achieving the proposed targets for confronting the epidemic in the coming years.

O estabelecimento de metas universais voltadas ao controle do HIV/aids e a instituição do tratamento como forma de prevenção reforçam a necessidade do acompanhamento clínico continuado das pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids como um elemento indispensável ao cuidado destas, sendo a retenção no cuidado em saúde uma necessidade e um desafio. Neste estudo, objetivou-se construir um modelo preditivo de retenção de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids no cuidado em saúde. Para tanto foi construído um modelo estatístico, árvore de decisão, com base em variáveis sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas aos comportamentos em saúde, identificadas em um banco de dados que contemplava informações de 260 pessoas com HIV/aids, vinculadas a um serviço especializado no atendimento a estes indivíduos. O modelo subsidiou a identificação de nove variáveis cujos ganhos de informação foram significativos em relação à variável desfecho, provável retenção no cuidado em saúde, e à construção de 24 regras de decisão, dando origem a uma árvore com porcentual de acerto de 80,4%, as quais poderão contribuir com a identificação de possíveis estratégias no sentido de otimizar a retenção e contribuir com o alcance das metas propostas para o enfrentamento da epidemia nos próximos anos.

El estabelecimiento de metas universales dirigidas al control del VIH/SIDA, y la institución del tratamiento como forma de prevención, refuerzan la necesidad del seguimiento clínico continuado de las personas que viven con VIH/SIDA, como un elemento indispensable para el cuidado de estas, siendo la retención en el cuidado de salud una necesidad y un desafío. En este estudio, el objetivo fue construir un modelo predictivo de retención de personas viviendo con VIH/SIDA dentro del ámbito del cuidado en salud. Para tal fin, se construyó un modelo estadístico, un diagrama de árbol de decisión, en base a variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, y aquellas relacionadas con los comportamientos en salud, identificadas en un banco de datos que contemplaba información de 260 personas con VIH/SIDA, vinculadas a un servicio especializado en la atención a estos individuos. El modelo subsidió la identificación de nueve variables, cuyos réditos respecto a información fueron significativos en relación con la variable desenlace, probable retención en el cuidado en salud, y a la construcción de 24 reglas de decisión, dando origen a un árbol con un porcentaje de acierto de un 80,4%, que podría contribuir a la identificación de posibles estrategias, en el sentido de optimizar la retención y contribuir al alcance de las metas propuestas para enfrentar la epidemia en los próximos años.

Fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na atenção primária / Factores que influyen en la práctica del enfermero en la consulta de puericultura en la atención primaria / Factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in primary care

Objetivo: analisar os fatores que influenciam a prática do enfermeiro na consulta de puericultura na Atenção Primária. Método: estudo transversal com 31 enfermeiros da Saúde da Família de município do Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando-se checklist com dimensões do cuidado implementadas na puericultura. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e teste de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: as consultas realizadas por enfermeiros com tempo de conclusão da graduação e tempo de atuação de até dez anos apresentaram um cuidado voltado para as dimensões acolhimento, anamnese e avaliação da situação vacinal e suplementações. Enquanto aqueles com tempo superior a dez anos priorizaram a avaliação do crescimento e os registros no prontuário e na Caderneta da Criança. Houve associação significativa entre o sexo feminino e ter especialização com o desempenho dos profissionais. Conclusão: os fatores que influenciam a prática dos enfermeiros na puericultura acarretam importantes diferenças assistenciais, podendo comprometer a integralidade do cuidado à criança.

Objetivo: analizar los factores que influyen en la práctica del enfermero en la consulta de puericultura en la Atención Primaria. Método: estudio transversal con 31 enfermeros de la Salud de la Familia de municipio del Nordeste de Brasil, utilizándose checklist con dimensiones del cuidado implementadas en el puericultura. Para el análisis de los datos, se utilizó estadística descriptiva y prueba de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: las consultas realizadas por enfermeros con tiempo de conclusión de la graduación y tiempo de actuación de hasta diez años presentaron un cuidado volcado para las dimensiones acogida, anamnesis y evaluación de la situación vacunal y suplementaciones. Mientras que aquellos con tiempo superior a diez años priorizaron la evaluación del crecimiento y los registros en el prontuario y en la Libreta del Niño. Hubo asociación significativa entre el sexo femenino y tener especialización con el desempeño de los profesionales. Conclusión: los factores que influyen en la práctica de los enfermeros en el puericultura acarrean importantes diferencias asistenciales, pudiendo comprometer la integralidad del cuidado al niño.

Objective to analyze the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare consultation in Primary Care. Method: cross-sectional study with 31 Family Health nurses from a municipality in the Northeast of Brazil, using a checklist with care dimensions implemented in childcare. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney test were used. Results: the consultations performed by nurses with graduation completion time and working time of up to ten years presented a care focused on the dimensions of embracement, anamnesis and evaluation of the vaccination status and supplementation. While those with more than ten years prioritized the evaluation of growth and records in the medical record and in the Child's Handbook. There was a significant association between female gender and specialization with the performance of professionals. Conclusion: the factors that influence the practice of nurses in childcare cause important differences in care, and may compromise the completeness of child care.

Fatores que influenciam a mortalidade infantil / Factors influencing infant mortality / Factores que influyen en la mortalidad infantil

A taxa de mortalidade infantil é um indicador internacional que melhor representa os estágios de desenvolvimento econômico e social de um país ou região, uma vez que está diretamente ligada às características socioeconômicas e, consequentemente, sofre variações decorrentes de alterações neste padrão. Este artigo aponta os principais fatores que contribuíram no aumento da taxa de mortalidade infantil no Brasil no período de 2005 a 2019. Logo, configura-se como do tipo observacional, de caráter ecológico, com abordagem quantitativa, utilizando dados secundários sobre mortalidade infantil. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por intermédio do site do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), utilizando a ferramenta denominada TABNET para subtrair as informações sobre Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Em seguida foram analisados no software estatístico RStudio e apresentados em tabelas e gráficos. Os principais motivos para óbitos foram: afecções originadas no período perinatal, malformações congênitas, deformidade e anomalias cromossômicas, doenças do aparelho respiratório e algumas doenças infecciosas e parasitárias, sendo assim, observou-se que o ambiente hospitalar com 90,93% atingiu os maiores casos de mortalidade, seguido do ambiente domiciliar com 5,53%. Em relação às regiões, o Sudeste obteve maior número de casos de mortalidade infantil, seguido da região Nordeste. Percebe-se que a redução da mortalidade infantil é de extrema importância, bem como a descrição dos fatores que contribuem para a sua redução.

The infant mortality rate is an international indicator that best represents the stages of economic and social development of a country or region, since it is directly linked to socioeconomic characteristics and, consequently, suffers variations arising from changes in this pattern. This article points out the main factors that contributed to the increase in the infant mortality rate in Brazil in the period from 2005 to 2019. Therefore, it is characterized as observational, ecological, with a quantitative approach, using secondary data on infant mortality. Data collection was carried out through the website of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), using the tool called TABNET to subtract information on the Mortality Information System (SIM). They were then analyzed in the statistical software RStudio and presented in tables and graphs. The main reasons for death were: disorders originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations, deformity and chromosomal abnormalities, respiratory system diseases and some infectious and parasitic diseases. Thus, it was observed that the hospital environment with 90.93% reached the highest mortality cases, followed by the home environment with 5.53%. In relation to the regions, the Southeast region had the highest number of infant mortality cases, followed by the Northeast region. It is perceived that the reduction of infant mortality is of extreme importance, as well as the description of the factors that contribute to its reduction.

La tasa de mortalidad infantil es un indicador internacional que mejor representa las etapas de desarrollo económico y social de un país o región, ya que está directamente vinculada a las características socioeconómicas y, en consecuencia, sufre variaciones derivadas de los cambios en este patrón. Este artículo señala los principales factores que contribuyeron al aumento de la tasa de mortalidad infantil en Brasil en el período de 2005 a 2019. Por lo tanto, se configura como de tipo observacional, de carácter ecológico, con abordaje cuantitativo, utilizando datos secundarios sobre mortalidad infantil. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de la página web del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud (DATASUS), utilizando la herramienta denominada TABNET para sustraer la información sobre el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM). A continuación, se analizaron en el programa estadístico RStudio y se presentaron en tablas y gráficos. Las principales causas de muerte fueron: trastornos originados en el período perinatal, malformaciones congénitas, deformidades y anomalías cromosómicas, enfermedades del sistema respiratorio y algunas enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias, por lo que se observó que el medio hospitalario con 90,93% alcanzó los mayores casos de mortalidad, seguido del medio domiciliario con 5,53%. En relación a las regiones, la región Sudeste presentó el mayor número de casos de mortalidad infantil, seguida de la región Nordeste. Se percibe que la reducción de la mortalidad infantil es de extrema importancia, así como la descripción de los factores que contribuyen a su reducción.

Variation in the Hearing Threshold in Women during the Menstrual Cycle.

Introduction The hormonal changes that occur during the menstrual cycle and their relationship with hearing problems have been studied. However, they have not been well explained. Objective The objective of our study is to investigate the variation in hearing thresholds in women during the menstrual cycle. Method We conducted a cohort and longitudinal study. It was composed of 30 volunteers, aged 18-39 years old, of which 20 were women during the phases of the menstrual cycle and 10 were men (control group) who underwent audiometry and impedance exams, to correlate the possible audiological changes in each phase of the menstrual cycle. Results There were significant changes in hearing thresholds observed during the menstrual cycle phases in the group of women who used hormonal contraceptives and the group who did not use such contraceptives. Improved hearing thresholds were observed in the late follicular phase in the group who did not use hormonal contraceptives and the hearing thresholds at high frequencies were better. Throughout the menstrual cycle phases, the mean variation was 3.6 db HL between weeks in the group who used hormonal contraceptives and 4.09 db HL in the group who did not use them. Conclusions The present study found that there may be a relationship between hearing changes and hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle based on changes in the hearing thresholds of women. In addition, this study suggests that estrogen has an otoprotective effect on hearing, since the best hearing thresholds were found when estrogen was at its maximum peak.

Association between domestic violence and women's quality of life.

Objective: to analyze the association between domestic violence against women and quality of life. Method: a cross-sectional population-based household survey conducted with women 18 years and older, using a stratified sample by neighborhoods. For analysis, prevalence of domestic violence and quality of life index was verified and logistic regression was used to determine associations, with a significance level of 5%. Results: 424 women who had a prevalence of domestic violence of 54.4% and a quality of life index of 61.59 participated in this study. It was verified, through logistic regression, that domestic violence is associated with women's quality of life (p=0,017). The observed variables that influence the occurrence of domestic violence were in the social relations domain (p=0,000), provision of medical treatment for women (p=0,019) and safety (p=0,006). Conclusion: the study confirmed the evidence of an association between domestic violence against women and quality of life, a situation that reaffirms the importance of constructing public policies focused on gender emancipation.

Processo de validação de instrumentos de autoavaliação da voz no Brasil / Validation process of voice self-assessment instruments in Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo caracterizar e refletir sobre o processo de equivalência cultural e/ou validação de instrumentos de autoavaliação vocal traduzidos e adaptados para o português brasileiro, utilizados na prática clínica e em pesquisas científicas. Estratégia de pesquisa Buscas realizadas nas bases de dados: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed e The Cochrane Library. Critérios de seleção estudos selecionados quanto à presença dos descritores citados em seu título, resumo ou lista de descritores; artigos de validação de instrumento de autoavaliação em voz, ou com o objetivo de realizar equivalência cultural; direcionados à população brasileira; estudos originais com amostra de seres humanos, independentemente da idade do ciclo vital, tipo de disfonia ou sintomas vocais. Resultados nove artigos selecionados. Qualidade de vida em voz e desvantagem vocal foram os construtos mais abordados. A maioria das validações ocorreu na Região Sudeste do Brasil. A maior parte dos escores dos instrumentos foi calculada por somatório simples das respostas dos participantes nos itens; pontos de corte nem sempre foram apresentados. Os domínios dos instrumentos, bem como os itens que os compunham, foram mantidos conforme apresentado no instrumento em sua língua original. A estatística mais comum para análise dos instrumentos foi o coeficiente Alfa de Crombach. Conclusão os construtos mais abordados nos artigos selecionados foram qualidade de vida em voz e índice de desvantagem vocal. Os instrumentos foram considerados válidos e sensíveis para autoavaliação vocal, mesmo quando não consideradas as etapas propostas internacionalmente para validação de instrumentos em saúde.

ABSTRACT Objective to characterize and reflect on the process of cultural equivalence and/or validation of vocal self-assessment instruments translated and adapted to the Brazilian Portuguese, used in clinical practice and scientific research. Research strategy The search of articles was carried out in the following databases: SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and "The Cochrane Library". Selection criteria The studies were selected regarding the presence of the descriptors cited in their title, abstract or in the list of descriptors; validation articles of a self-assessment instrument in voice or with the objective of performing cultural equivalence; to be directed to the Brazilian population; original studies with a sample of human beings; regardless of the age of the life cycle, type of dysphonia or vocal symptoms. Results Nine articles were selected. Quality of life in voice and vocal handicap were the most addressed constructs. Most validations occurred in the Southeast region of Brazil. The scores of the instruments is calculated by a simple sum of the answers given by the participants in the items; cutoff points are not always presented. The domains of the instruments, as well as the items that compose them, were maintained as presented in the instrument in its original. The most common statistic for instrument analysis was Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Conclusion The constructs most addressed in the selected articles were quality of life in voice and vocal handicap index. The instruments were considered valid and sensitive for vocal self-assessment, even not considering the international proposals for validation of health instruments.

Factors associated with the quality of life of caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions / Factores associados a la calidad de vida de los cuidadores de niños y adolescentes con enfermedades crónicas / Fatores associados à qualidade de vida de cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the quality of life and associated factors in caregivers of children and adolescents with chronic conditions. Method Cross-sectional study, developed with data from the Children Information System of Adolescents with Chronic Diseases. The sample consisted of 143 caregivers. Data collection took place between August and October 2018. For data analysis, chi-square statistics and Binary Logistic Regression were used. Results Through the study it was possible to identify that the variables that had impact on the low quality of life of the caregiver were: greater number of children with chronic conditions, routine use of medication, and financial limitations, which were considered risk factors. In turn, owning a home and having emotional support were protective factors. Conclusion It was observed that the caregivers had low quality of life, and knowledge of the factors that contribute to this may enable an outstanding care to the caregiver.

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la calidad de vida y los factores asociados de los cuidadores de niños y adolescentes con afecciones crónicas. Método Estudio transversal, desarrollado con datos del Sistema de Información Infantil de Adolescentes con Enfermedades Crónicas. La muestra consistió en 143 cuidadores. La recolección de datos tuvo lugar entre agosto y octubre de 2018. Para el análisis de datos, se utilizó estadísticas de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística binaria. Resultados El estudio posibilitó identificar que las variables que tuvieron un impacto en la baja calidad de vida del cuidador fueron: mayor número de niños con afecciones crónicas, uso rutinario de medicamentos y limitaciones financieras, que se consideró como factores de riesgo. A su vez, ser propietario de una casa y tener apoyo emocional eran factores protectores. Conclusión Se observó que los cuidadores tenían baja calidad de vida y el conocimiento de los factores que contribuyen a esto puede permitir una atención especial para el cuidador.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a qualidade de vida e fatores associados de cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas. Método Estudo transversal, desenvolvido com dados do Sistema de Informação de Crianças de Adolescentes com Doenças Crônicas. A amostra foi composta por 143 cuidadores. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre agosto e outubro de 2018. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística qui-quadrado e a Regressão Logística Binária. Resultados Com o estudo foi possível identificar que as variáveis que possuíam impacto sobre a baixa qualidade de vida do cuidador foram: maior número de filhos com condições crônicas, uso rotineiro de medicamentos e limitação financeira, as quais foram consideradas fatores de risco. Por sua vez, possuir casa própria e ter apoio emocional consistiram em fatores de proteção. Conclusão Observou-se que os cuidadores possuíam qualidade de vida baixa e o conhecimento dos fatores que contribuem para isso poderá possibilitar um cuidado diferenciado ao cuidador.

Determinants for tuberculosis and HIV: people in the street situation / Determinantes para tuberculose e hiv: pessoas em situação de rua / Determinantes de la tuberculosis y el HIV: personas en la situación de la calle

Objetivo: Analizar los determinantes de la tuberculosis y el HIV en personas sin hogar. Método: Investigación cuantitativa y transversal realizada en 2017 en un Hospital de referencia para enfermedades infecciosas en João Pessoa/PB, Brasil. La muestra consistió en 10 personas sin hogar diagnosticadas con tuberculosis. Se observaron preceptos éticos de acuerdo con la Resolución 466/2012 del Consejo Nacional de Salud, el análisis se realizó a través del programa Paquete estadístico para las ciencias sociales (SPSS). Resultados: 7 (70%) hombres, 6 (60%) analfabetos. Se informó que el 10 (100%) no asiste a los servicios de salud, el 9 (90%) realiza actividad sexual sin condones, el 7 (70%) usa drogas ilícitas. Los determinantes del VIH y la tuberculosis están asociados con la falta de vivienda y la duración de la estadía. Conclusiones: Es necesario desarrollar y cumplir con políticas destinadas a lograr mejores condiciones de vida y acceso a la atención médica para las personas sin hogar

Objetivo: Analisar determinantes para tuberculose e HIV de pessoas em situação de rua. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, transversal, realizada em 2017 em um Hospital de Referência para Doenças Infectocontagiosas em João Pessoa/PB, Brasil. A amostra foi composta por 10 pessoas em situação de rua diagnosticadas com tuberculose. Foram observados os preceitos éticos conforme Resolução 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. A análise foi realizada através do programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Resultados: 7 (70%) homens, 6(60%) analfabetos. Registrou-se que 10(100%) não frequentam serviço de saúde, 9(90%) realizam atividade sexual sem preservativo, 7(70%) utilizam drogas ilícitas. O escore dos determinantes para HIV e tuberculose estão associados ao tempo em situação de rua e ao tempo de internação. Conclusões: É necessário desenvolver e cumprir políticas que visem alcançar melhores condições de vida e de acesso à assistência à saúde para as pessoas em situação de rua

Objective: To analyze determinants of tuberculosis and HIV in homeless people. Method: Quantitative, cross-sectional research conducted in 2017 at a Reference Hospital for Infectious Diseases in João Pessoa/PB, Brazil. The sample consisted of 10 homeless people diagnosed with tuberculosis. Ethical precepts were observed according to Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council. The analysis was performed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results: 7 (70%) men, 6 (60%) illiterate. It was reported that 10 (100%) do not attend health services, 9 (90%) perform sexual activity without condoms, 7 (70%) use illicit drugs. The determinants of HIV and tuberculosis are associated with homelessness and length of stay. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop and comply with policies aimed at achieving better living conditions and access to health care for homeless people

Características do acesso de crianças com microcefalia aos serviços de fisioterapia / Characteristics of access of children with microcephaly to physical therapy services

INTRODUÇÃO: A "síndrome congênita do Zika" compreende um conjunto de sinais e sintomas apresentados por crianças nascidas de mães infectadas durante a gestação. Os RN acometidos por microcefalia apresentam alterações no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, assim, o processo de reabilitação torna-se fundamental para o desenvolvimento das crianças. OBJETIVO: Nessa perspectiva, faz-se necessário considerar o acesso em seu domínio amplo, e compreender as características do acesso de crianças com microcefalia nascidas nos anos de 2015 e 2016 aos serviços de fisioterapia. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, com caráter descritivo. Utilizou-se um questionário validado por quatro especialistas, coletando informações acerca da caracterização socioeconômica e clínica, identificação do tempo entre o encaminhamento das crianças e sobre as características do acesso à reabilitação. RESULTADOS: A amostra deste estudo foi composta por 103 cuidadores de crianças com microcefalia. Observou-se que 93,2% das crianças tiveram encaminhamento para procurar o serviço de fisioterapia e buscaram atendimento, entretanto, nem todas as crianças mantiveram-se em reabilitação. As crianças que tiveram acesso continuado e as que descontinuaram o cuidado em algum momento apresentavam-se de forma semelhante no que diz respeito à frequência de tratamento, realização da fisioterapia em mais de um serviço, tempo de duração da sessão, despendimento de pagamento para exames e interferência na atividade profissional com o tratamento da criança. CONCLUSÃO: As que se mantiveram em acesso sem interrupções, possuíam um auxílio maior do município para deslocamento, além da oportunidade de assistência da rede de apoio ao cuidador, potencializando a manutenção do cuidado.

INTRODUCTION: The "congenital Zika syndrome" comprises a set of signs and symptoms presented by children born to infected mothers during pregnancy. Newborns affected by microcephaly present alterations in their neuropsychomotor development. Therefore, the rehabilitation process becomes essential for the development of children. OBJECTIVE: From this perspective, it is necessary to consider access in its broad domain and understand the characteristics of children with microcephaly (born in 2015 and 2016) access to physical therapy services. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, with a descriptive character. A questionnaire validated by four experts was used, collecting information about the socioeconomic and clinical characteristics, identification of the time between the referral of children, and the characteristics of access to rehabilitation. RESULTS: The sample of this study consisted of 103 caregivers of children with microcephaly. It was observed that 93.2% of the children were referred to seek the physiotherapy service and searched for it. However, not all children remained in rehabilitation. Children who had continuous access and those who discontinued care at some point similarly presented themselves concerning the frequency of treatment, physical therapy in more than one service, duration of the session, expenditure of payment for exams, and interference in the professional activity with the child's treatment. CONCLUSION: Those who remained in uninterrupted access had better assistance from the municipality for displacement, in addition to the opportunity for help from the caregiver support network, enhancing the maintenance of care.

Conhecimento e fatores que influenciam na adesão à terapia antirretroviral de pessoas vivendo com hiv/aids / Conocimiento y factores que influencian la adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral de personas con hiv/sida / Knowledge and factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy in people living with hiv/aids

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o conhecimento sobre o HIV/aids e os fatores que influenciam na adesão à terapia antirretroviral de pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, com 36 pacientes que se encontravam internados, distribuídos em G1-adesão (25) e G2-não adesão (11), em um hospital no estado da Paraíba. Utilizou-se um instrumento estruturado e os dados foram analisados mediante os testes Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection, Modelo de Análise de Variância Multivariada, M de box, Lambda de Wilks e F da análise de variância univariada. Resultados: o determinante ter acompanhamento psicológico possui influência muito forte na classificação de um indivíduo em algum dos grupos G1 e G2. Conclusão: é imprescindível a atenção focada nos aspectos biopsicossociais dos pacientes, constituindo fator essencial na adesão à terapêutica. Este estudo traz como contribuições novos conhecimentos científicos acerca da adesão à terapia antirretroviral na região nordeste do Brasil.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento acerca del HIV/sida y los factores que influencian la adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral de personas con HIV/sida. Método: estudio transversal, cuantitativo, con 36 pacientes internados, agrupados en G1-adhesión (25) y G2-no adhesión (11), en un hospital del estado de Paraíba. Se utilizó un instrumento estructurado y se analizaron los datos por medio de pruebas Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection, Modelo de Análisis de Variancia Multivariada, M de box, Lambda de Wilks y F del análisis de variancia univariada. Resultados: el determinante acompañamiento psicológico tiene mucha influencia en la clasificación de un individuo de los grupos G1 y G2. Conclusión: es imprescindible el enfoque en la atención a los aspectos biopsicosociales de los pacientes, constituyendo factor esencial en la adhesión a la terapéutica. Este estudio trae como contribuciones nuevos conocimientos científicos acerca de la adhesión a la terapia antirretroviral en la región nordeste de Brasil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the factors that influence adherence to antiretroviral therapy of people living with HIV/AIDS. Method: Cross-sectional quantitative study with 36 hospitalized patients, distributed in the groups G1-adherence (25) and G2-non-adherence (11), in a hospital in the state of Paraíba. A structured instrument was used, and data were analyzed using Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection tests, Multivariate Analysis of Variance Model, Box's M test, Wilks' Lambda, and F-test in One-Way ANOVA. Results: The determinant Receiving psychological counseling has a very strong impact on the classification of an individual in any of the G1 and G2 groups. Conclusion: Focus on patients' biopsychosocial aspects is essential, and this is a key factor in adherence to therapy. New scientific knowledge on adherence to antiretroviral therapy in the northeastern region of Brazil is the contribution of this study.