Synchronized Pedaling with Martial Arts Improves Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer.

Physical exercise improves the physical condition of women who have been undergone surgery for breast cancer. This study evaluated the effect of a new martial arts program that combined aerobic endurance and muscle strength exercises on improving upper limb function and aerobic performance of women who have undergone breast cancer surgery. Fifty-three women who had previously undergone breast cancer surgery with axillary lymph node dissection, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy participated in the twelve-week program. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups; a study group (28 participants) in which participants carried out a synchronized pedaling with martial arts routine of 2 sessions per week, and a control group (22 participants) who received usual care. Study group participants demonstrated a significant increase in right hand and quadriceps strength, maximum oxygen consumption, max power-to-weight ratio, muscle mass percentage and a decrease in fat mass percentage (p≤0.05). A controlled training system like synchronized pedaling with martial arts, which combines aerobic and strength exercises, appears suitable for improving the muscle strength and aerobic capacity of these breast cancer participants.

Metabolically healthy obesity: Inflammatory biomarkers and adipokines in elderly population.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Obesity is linked to elevated levels of inflammatory serum markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). Adiponectin and resistin are adipokines related to obesity. It has been described that adipose tissue presents a high production and secretion of these diverse pro-inflammatory molecules, which may have local effects on the physiology of fat cells as well as systemic effects on other organs. Our aim was to evaluate the impact that lifestyle modifications, by following a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) program and physical activity (PA) training, would have on inflammatory biomarkers and adipokine profile in a Metabolically Healthy Obese (MHO) elderly population from Malaga (Andalusia, Spain). SUBJETCS AND METHODS: Subjects aged ≥65 years (65 to 87 years old) with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were included in this study if they met ≤1 of the following criteria: systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg; triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL; HDL-C <40mg/dL in men and <50mg/dL women; and fasting blood glucose ≥100mg/dL. Selected subjects underwent a personalized intensive lifestyle modification. Anthropometric measurements, PA, MedDiet adherence, analytical parameters, and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed after 12 months of intervention. RESULTS: 166 MHO elderly subjects, 40 (24.1%) male and 126 (75.9%) female (p < 0.0001), aged 71.7±5.2 years old (65 to 87 years old) were included in the study. After 12 months of intervention, only the waist circumference was significantly reduced in all the population (-2.5 cm, p<0.0001), although weight and BMI were maintained. MedDiet adherence increased significantly (p<0.001), but all intensity levels of PA decreased significantly (p<0.001). Concerning inflammatory biomarkers, only TNFa serum increased their levels after the intervention (p<0.001). Regarding the adipokine profile, adiponectin concentrations experienced a significant increment (p<0.001); besides, resistin concentrations decreased significantly (p<0.001). In this sense, only TNFa, adiponectin, and resistin correlated with PA. Adiponectin also correlates with insulin, triglycerides and HDL-c in baseline conditions and after 12 months of intervention; CRP, IL-6, TNFa, adiponectin, and resistin concentrations correlated with anthropometric parameters and some intensities of PA. In addition, adiponectin levels correlates with insulin, triglycerides and HDL-c. In baseline conditions, resistin levels correlated positively with TNFa (p = 0.01) and CRP (p<0.0001) levels. TNFa and IL-6 correlated positively with CRP (p = 0.03 and p<0.0001, respectively). After 12 months of intervention, only IL-6 correlated positively with CRP (p = 0.006). In addition, adipokines levels correlated positively during the process of lifestyle modification. However, during this process, only IL-6 correlated positively with itself (p<0.0001) and with CRP (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Healthy aging is a multifactorial biological process in which lifestyle is essential. The presence of obesity in elderly metabolically healthy population is not a problem necessarily. Elderly MHO population who eat a MedDiet and practice regularly PA are capable to modulate their production of inflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL-6, TNFa) and adipokines profile (adiponectin, resistin), preventing other metabolic disorders.

A healthy lifestyle is associated with lower arterial stiffness in a metabolically healthy elderly population with overweight or obesity.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Arterial stiffness is linked with the development of cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. In clinical practice, measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) has become a widely used study for the assessment of cardiovascular risk in elderly population. Our aim was to evaluate whether maintaining a healthy life, based on Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and regular practice of physical activity, are associated with arterial stiffness in an elderly, metabolically healthy with overweight or obesity (MHOe) population. INDIVIDUALS AND METHODS: A transversal, analytical-descriptive study in MHOe population (aged ≥65 years) with a BMI at least 27 kg/ m 2 who had one or less of the following cardiometabolic disorders: fasting plasma glucose at least 100 mg/dl, blood pressure at least 135/85 mmHg (or the use of blood pressure-lowering agents), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (≤ 40 mg/dl for men, ≤50 mg/dl for women) or triglycerides at least 150 mg/dl (or the use of lipid-lowering therapies) was conducted. Blood pressure, height, weight, BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR), practice of physical activity, MedDiet adherence and food intake along with cf-PWV were analysed. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-eight MHOe individuals (age: 72.2 ±â€Š5.0 years, BMI: 31.6 ±â€Š3.8 kg/m 2 ) were recruited. One hundred and nine of them were younger than 75 years of age (young-old, age: 69.3 ±â€Š2.8 years and BMI: 32.0 ±â€Š3.9 kg/m 2 ) and 49 of them aged 75 years or older (old-old, age: 78.1 ±â€Š2.9 years and BMI: 30.7 ±â€Š3.6 kg/m 2 ). All population showed a strong adherence to the Med Diet due major consumption of homemade meal, olive oil and lean meats. In addition, they presented an important practice of all intensities of physical activity. Young-old individuals had a cf-PWV of 9.7 ±â€Š2.2 m/s and old-old individuals had a cf-PWV of 11.1 ±â€Š4.4 m/s. In all populations, a negative correlation between cf-PWV and BMI ( r  = -0.17, P  = 0.04) and a positive correlation with WHR in men ( r  = 0.18, P  = 0.03) was found. WHR shows a significantly positive correlation with the cf-PWV values in old-old women participants ( r  = 0.41, P  = 0.008). On the other side, only vigorous physical activity showed a negative correlation with cf-PWV in all population and in young-old individuals ( r  = -0.20; P  = 0.02 and r  = -0.22; P  = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: Healthy lifestyle habits based on MedDiet adherence and regular practice of physical activity are associated with lower arterial stiffness in a metabolically healthy population with overweight or obesity older than 65 years compared with data from other elderly populations previously reported in the literature.

Lifestyle Modification Program on a Metabolically Healthy Elderly Population with Overweight/Obesity, Young-Old vs. Old-Old. CONSEQUENCES of COVID-19 Lockdown in This Program.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to lockdowns, which affected the elderly, a high-risk group. Lockdown may lead to weight gain due to increased food intake and reduced physical activity (PA). Our study aimed to analyze the impact of a 12-month lifestyle intervention on a metabolically healthy overweight/obese elderly (MHOe) population and how the lockdown by COVID-19 affected this program. Methods: MHOe participants (65-87 years) were recruited to participate in a lifestyle modification intervention based on the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and regular PA. Participants were classified into two groups: young-old (<75 years) or old-old (≥75 years). Anthropometric and clinical characteristics, energy intake, and energy expenditure were analyzed at baseline and after 12 months of intervention. Results: The final sample included 158 MHOe participants of both sexes (age: 72.21 ± 5.04 years, BMI: 31.56 ± 3.82 kg/m2): 109 young-old (age: 69.26 ± 2.83 years, BMI: 32.0 ± 3.85 kg/m2) and 49 old-old (age: 78.06 ± 2.88 years, BMI: 30.67 ± 3.64 kg/m2). After 12 months of intervention and despite lockdown, the young-old group increased MedDiet adherence (+1 point), but both groups drastically decreased daily PA, especially old-old participants. Fat mass significantly declined in the total population and the young-old. Depression significantly increased (26.9% vs. 21.0%, p < 0.0001), especially in the old-old (36.7% vs. 22.0%, p < 0.0001). No significant changes were found in the glycemic or lipid profile. Conclusions: This study indicates that ongoing MedDiet intake and regular PA can be considered preventative treatment for metabolic diseases in MHOe subjects. However, mental health worsened during the study and should be addressed in elderly individuals.

Valoración de la condición física mediante el senior fitness test y el índice de masa corporal en una muestra española de personas mayores de 80 años / Evaluation of physical fitness in spanish people over 80 years of age using the senior fitness test and the body mass index

La esperanza de vida se ha incrementado notablemente en las sociedades occidentales. El ejercicio físico adaptado a personas mayores es clave para conseguir un envejecimiento activo. Objetivos: El objetivo principal fue determinar los niveles de condición física con el Senior Fitness Test (SFT) en sujetos españoles, mayores de 80 años, activos e independientes, adscritos a un programa de Condición Física de Mayores (CFM) y compararlos con los valores estadounidenses de referencia del SFT. El objetivo secundario fue analizar los resultados de nuestra población distribuidos por sexo y edad. Material y método: Se realizó un estudio transversal en 162 participantes, (142 mujeres, 87%), a los que se les aplicó el SFT para evaluar su condición física y se les midió el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) para valorar su influencia sobre la condición física. Resultados: En el SFT, la muestra española presentó mejor desempeño en fuerza y agilidad y niveles más bajos en flexibilidad y resistencia que la población estadounidense de referencia. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre sexos en la población española, excepto en la prueba de resistencia a favor de los hombres (p = 0,006). El grupo mayor de 85 años presentó resultados inferiores del IMC (p = 0,007), de la fuerza del tren superior (p = 0,01) y de la flexibilidad del tren inferior (p = 0,02). La media del IMC de la muestra estudiada fue superior a la media de la población estadounidense. Conclusiones: La muestra española es más fuerte y ágil, pero menos flexible y resistente que la población estadounidense de referencia. La capacidad funcional en nuestra población mayor de 80, es similar en ambos sexos

Life expectancy has increased significantly in western societies. Physical exercise adapted to the elderly is a key factor in achieving active ageing. Objectives: Main objective was to assess the functional fitness of active, independent, over 80 years of age, Spanish subjects enrolled in a Senior Physical Fitness program using the Senior Fitness Test (SFT), and to compare the results with the SFT reference intervals. The secondary objective was to analyse the sample’s results when distributed according to age and sex. Material and method: A transversal study was conducted in 162 participants (142 women, 87%). They were administered the SFT to determine their physical abilities and their BMI was calculated in order to find out its influence on their physical condition. Results: Our Spanish sample performed better in strength and agility but presented lower outcomes in endurance and flexibility when compared to the US target population. In the Spanish sample significant differences between the two sexes were only found in the resistance score, where men performed better than women, (p = 0.006). Participants over 85 presented lower results in BMI (p = 0,007), upper body strength (p = 0.01) and lower body flexibility (p = 0.02). The mean BMI of our sample was higher than that of the American population. Conclusions: The Spanish population is stronger and has more agility, but it’s also less flexible and has lower endurance when compared to the American population. The Fitness condition in our population > 80 is similar in men and women

Efecto del ejercicio intenso en el sistema inmune, medido a través de la activación del complemento y de la proteína C-reactiva / Effect of exhaustive exercise on the immune system, measured through complement activation and C-reactive protein

La influencia del ejercicio en la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica ha sido objeto de debate desde hace más de diez años, sin embargo son muy escasos los estudios originales que hayan analizado su activación y son practicamente inexistentes los estudios translacionales que hayan extrapolado los resultados analíticos a la realidad de los deportistas. Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido determinar el efecto del ejercicio intenso sobre dos marcadores inflamatorios conocidos: la activación del Complemento y de la Proteína C-reactiva. Métodos: Diez deportistas sanos y bien entrenados fueron sometidos, después de firmar el consentimiento informado, a tres series consecutivas de 800 metros a velocidad máxima con intervalos de 60 segundos entre series en pista abierta. Inmediatamente antes y después del ejercicio se tomaron muestras de sangre venosa para determinación de CK, pH, Lactato, Complemento y Proteína C-reactiva. Tres días antes, en el Laboratorio de Medicina Deportiva se realizó un estudio Antropométrico y cálculo de V02max. Resultados: Se obtuvieron incrementos significativos en CK plasmática (114,7 ± 80,3, p = 0,005) y en lactato (17,27 ± 5,5,p = 0.005) tras la realización de la prueba en pista. Ambos parámetros, el aumento de CK y lactato después del ejercicio, se correlacionaron significativamente (r = 0,751, r2 = 0,574, p = 0,012). El incremento de CK actuó como factor predictor de la elevación de la fracción C3 del Complemento (p = 0,003). La Proteína C-reactiva no se incrementó tras el ejercicio. Conclusión: El ejercicio intenso funcionó como factor de activación inmediato de la respuesta inflamatoria sistémica medida en términos de elevación de las fracciones C3 y 4 del complemento. Se requieren nuevos estudios para determinar el beneficio fisiológico de esta activación y discriminar los efectos perjudiciales que esta activación podría causar en otros entornos (AU)

The influence of exercise in the systemic inflammatory response has been a subject of debate for over ten years. However very few original studies have analyzed their activation and are practically nonexistent translational studies that have extrapolated the analysis results to the reality of athletes. Purpose: We aimed to determine the effect of exhaustive exercise on two known inflammatory markers, the complement system and C-reactive protein, as a result of exhaustive exercise consisting of three intermittent bouts of 800 m at max speed interspersed with 30-s recovery intervals. Methods: Ten healthy volunteers were recruited. Anthropometric and V02max data were obtained in the laboratory and venous parameters of basal and immediate post-exercise CK, pH, lactate, complement and C-reactive protein were obtained on an open-air running track three days later. Results: Significant increases in plasma CK (114.7±80.3, p=0.005) and lactate (17.27±5.5, p=0.005) were noted. Both parameters, increased CK and lactate post-exercise, correlated significantly (r=0.751, r2=0.574, p=0.012). The complement system was activated, with the increase in CK predicting the increase in C3 (p=0.003). No post-exercise increase in C-reactive protein was found. Conclusion: The systemic inflammatory response measured in terms of increases of the complement C3 and 4 was activated by exhaustive exercise. New studies are required to determine the physiological benefit of this activation, and discriminate it from the prejudicial effects this activation could cause in other settings (AU)

Síndrome de Paget-Schroetter. A proposito de un caso en un jugador de balonmano / The Palet-schroetter syndrome. A report of a case of a handballplayer

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