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1.
Prostate ; 77(8): 859-865, 2017 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28240424

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) is a distinct histopathologic feature associated with high-grade, advanced prostate cancer. Although studies have shown that IDC-P is a predictor of progression following surgical or radiation treatment for prostate cancer, there are sparse data regarding IDC-P on diagnostic needle biopsy as a prognosticator of prostate cancer mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a population-based study of all prostate cancer patients diagnosed using needle biopsy and without evidence of systemic disease between 1991 and 1999 within a defined geographic region of Norway. Patients were identified by cross-referencing the Norwegian Cancer Registry. Of 318 eligible patients, 283 had biopsy specimens available for central pathology review. Clinical data were obtained from medical charts. We examined whether IDC-P on diagnostic needle biopsy was associated with adverse clinicopathological features and prostate cancer mortality. RESULTS: Patients with IDC-P on diagnostic needle biopsy had a more advanced stage and a higher Gleason score compared to patients without IDC-P. IDC-P was also associated with an intensively reactive stroma. The 10-year prostate cancer-specific survival was 69% for patients with IDC-P on diagnostic needle biopsy and 89% for patients without IDC-P (Log rank P-value < 0.005). The presence of IDC-P on diagnostic needle biopsy remained an independent predictor of prostate cancer mortality after adjustments for clinical prognostic factors and treatment. After adjustment for the newly implemented Grade Group system of prostate cancer, IDC-P showed a strong tendency toward statistical significance. However, IDC-P did not remain a statistically significant predictor in the multivariable analysis. CONCLUSION: IDC-P on diagnostic needle biopsy is an indicator of prostate cancer with a high risk of mortality. Accordingly, a diagnosis of IDC-P on needle biopsy should be reported and considered a feature of high-risk prostate cancer. Moreover, the association between IDC-P and reactive stroma provides evidence in support of the idea that stromal factors facilitate carcinoma invasion to the prostatic acini and ducts. Prostate 77:859-865, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante , Próstata , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Anciano , Biopsia con Aguja/métodos , Biopsia con Aguja/estadística & datos numéricos , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/mortalidad , Carcinoma Intraductal no Infiltrante/patología , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Registros Médicos Orientados a Problemas/estadística & datos numéricos , Mortalidad , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Noruega/epidemiología , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Próstata/patología , Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Medición de Riesgo/métodos
2.
Tumour Biol ; 39(8): 1010428317713671, 2017 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28789597

RESUMEN

Our earlier study revealed that long-term ethidium bromide application causes mitochondrial DNA depletion in human prostate cancer DU145 cell line (DU145MtDP), and this DU145MtDP subline appears to have expanded CD44Bright cell population than its parental wild type DU145 cells (DU145WT). Increasing evidence suggests that CD44Bright cells are highly cancer stem cell like, but it is not clear about their dynamic transition between CD44Dim and CD44Bright phenotypes in prostate cancer cells, and how it is affected by mitochondrial DNA depletion. To address these questions, four cell subpopulations were isolated from both DU145WT and DU145MtDP cell lines based on their CD44 expression level and mitochondrial membrane potential. The cell motility and colony formation capability of the fluorescence activated cell sorting-sorted cell subpopulations were further examined. It was discovered in the DU145WT cells that CD44Dim cells could transit into both CD44Dim and CD44Bright phenotypes and that CD44Bright cells were prone to sustain their CD44Bright phenotype as renewal. However, such transition principle was altered in the DU145MtDP cells, in which CD44Bright cells showed similar capability to sustain a CD44Bright phenotype, while the transition of CD44Dim cells to CD44Bright were suppressed. It is concluded that mitochondrial DNA depletion in the human prostate cancer DU145 cells influences their renewal and CD44 subphenotype transition. Such alterations may be the driving force for the enrichment of CD44Bright DU145 cells after the mitochondrial DNA depletion, although the molecular mechanisms remain unclear.


Asunto(s)
Linaje de la Célula/genética , Proliferación Celular/genética , ADN Mitocondrial/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/genética , Etidio/farmacología , Citometría de Flujo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/genética , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/biosíntesis , Receptores de Hialuranos/genética , Masculino , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología
3.
Prostate ; 76(12): 1088-94, 2016 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27271973

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Previous studies suggest that lymphovascular invasion (LVI) has a weak and variable effect on prognosis. It is uncertain whether LVI, determined by diagnostic prostate biopsy, predicts prostate cancer death. Data from experimental studies have indicated that carcinoma-associated fibroblasts in the reactive stroma could promote LVI and progression to metastasis. Thus, combining LVI with reactive stromal grade may identify prostate cancer patients at high risk of an unfavorable outcome. The purpose of the present study was to examine if LVI, determined by diagnostic biopsy, alone and in combination with reactive stromal grade could predict prostate cancer death. METHODS: This population-based study included 283 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed by needle biopsy in Aust-Agder County (Norway) from 1991 to 1999. Clinical data were obtained by medical charts review. Two uropathologists evaluated LVI and reactive stromal grade. The endpoint was prostate cancer death. RESULTS: Patients with LVI had marginally higher risk of prostate cancer death compared to patients without LVI (hazard ratio: 1.8, P-value = 0.04). LVI had a stronger effect on prostate cancer death risk when a high reactive stromal grade was present (hazard ratio: 16.0, P-value <0.001). Therefore, patients with concomitant LVI and high reactive stromal grade were at particularly high risk for prostate cancer death. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluating LVI together with reactive stromal grade on diagnostic biopsies could be used to identify patients at high risk of death from prostate cancer. Prostate 76:1088-1094, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Asunto(s)
Metástasis Linfática/patología , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia con Aguja , Fibroblastos/patología , Humanos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Masculino , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Próstata/patología , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Factores de Riesgo , Células del Estroma/patología
4.
Prostate ; 76(2): 207-14, 2016 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26477789

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that nerves, tumor epithelium, and stroma interact and promote prostate cancer (PC) progression. Perineural invasion (PNI) is established amidst these interactions and may therefore indicate an aggressive PC phenotype. The purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between PNI, tumor grade, reactive stroma, and PC-specific mortality. METHODS: A population-based study on 318 patients, encompassing all cases of PC diagnosed by needle biopsies and without evidence of systemic metastasis at the time of diagnosis in Aust-Agder County in the period of 1991-1999. Patients were identified by cross-referencing the Cancer Registry of Norway. Clinical data were obtained by review of medical charts. Diagnostic prostate needle biopsies were reviewed with respect to presence of PNI, percentage of biopsy cores with PNI, Gleason score (GS), and reactive stromal grade (RSG). The endpoint was PC-specific mortality. RESULTS: The presence of PNI was significantly associated with high tumor grade and abundant reactive stroma. The 10-year PC-specific survival for patients with and without PNI was 72% and 91%, respectively (P = 0.001, log rank). PNI predicted PC-specific mortality independently of clinical factors, though the effect of PNI was attenuated when adjusting for GS and RSG. However, a percentage of biopsy cores with PNI >50% was found to predict PC-specific mortality independently of other clinicopathologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The present population-based study shows that PNI on diagnostic prostate needle biopsy is associated with increased risk of PC-specific mortality. Our findings demonstrate that the prognostic effect of PNI is dependent on an association with high grade carcinoma and reactive stroma. However; the impact of PNI on clinical outcome becomes stronger and independent of other clinicopathologic factors upon increased percentage of PNI positive biopsy cores. Thus, our study highlights the importance of PNI and microenvironmental interactions for the long-term outcome of PC.


Asunto(s)
Nervios Periféricos/patología , Vigilancia de la Población , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Masculino , Mortalidad/tendencias , Clasificación del Tumor/métodos , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Noruega/epidemiología , Células del Estroma/patología
5.
Tumour Biol ; 37(9): 12133-12140, 2016 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27220319

RESUMEN

Wee1 is a nuclear kinase regulating cell cycle progression, and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target in cancer. Expression of Wee1 has been associated with poor outcome in certain tumor types, but the prognostic impact and clinical significance in colorectal cancer is unknown. The expression of Wee1 was examined by immunohistochemistry in primary colorectal carcinomas from a prospectively collected patient cohort, and associations with clinicopathological parameters and outcome were investigated. Cell culture experiments were performed using the cell lines RKO and SW620, and the relationship with the metastasis-promoting protein S100A4 was investigated. Nuclear expression was detected in 229 of the 258 tumors analyzed (89 %). Wee1 staining was associated with low pT stage, but no other significant associations with demographic or histopathological variables were found. Moderate Wee1 staining intensity was a predictor of favorable metastasis-free and overall survival compared to strong intensity and no or weak staining. The fraction of positive cells was not a prognostic factor in the present cohort. Inhibition of Wee1 expression using siRNA or treatment with the Wee1 inhibitor MK-1775 reduced expression of the metastasis-promoting protein S100A4, but no relationship between Wee1 and S100A4 was found in the patient samples. In conclusion, Wee1 is highly expressed in primary colorectal carcinomas, but few relevant associations with clinicopathological parameters or outcome were found. The lack of clinical significance of Wee1 expression could indicate that other tumor types might be better suited for further development of Wee1 inhibitors.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/análisis , Neoplasias Colorrectales/química , Proteínas Nucleares/análisis , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/análisis , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inhibidores , Línea Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Pirazoles/farmacología , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Pirimidinonas , Proteína de Unión al Calcio S100A4/análisis
6.
BMC Cancer ; 16(1): 894, 2016 11 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27852261

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cancer cells exhibit an altered metabolism, which is characterized by a preference for aerobic glycolysis more than mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 (MPC2) play a bottleneck role by transporting pyruvate into mitochondrial through the mitochondrial inner membrane. Therefore, their protein expression in cancers may be of clinical consequences. There are studies showing low levels of MPC1 expression in colon, kidney and lung cancers, and the expression of MPC1 correlates with poor prognosis. However, the expression status of MPC1 and MPC2 in prostate cancer (PCA) is unclear. METHODS: In this study, expression of MPC1 and MPC2 in LNCaP and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines was examined by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blotting. Compared to the LNCaP cells, lower levels of MPC1 and MPC2 expression in the DU145 cell line was identified. We then extended our study to 88 patients with prostate cancer who underwent transurethral electro-vaporization of prostate or radical prostatectomy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China. Patient-derived paraffin embedded PCA specimens were collected for immunohistochemistry (IHC). Correlations with clinicopathologic factors were evaluated by Chi-square or Fisher´s exact probability tests. Overall survival (OS) rates were determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used in univariate analysis and multivariate analysis to identify factors significantly correlated with prognosis. RESULTS: Linear regression analysis revealed that MPC1 expression level was positively correlated with MPC2 expression (r = 0.375, P = 0.006) in the prostate cancers. MPC1 expression was negatively associated with UICC stage (P = 0.031). While UICC stage (P < 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002) were negatively associated with MPC2 expression. Positive MPC1 or MPC2 expression in cancer tissues was significantly associated with higher OS (P < 0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that both MPC1 and MPC2 expressions in PCA were independent prognostic factors for higher OS (For MPC1: RR = 0.654, 95% CI: 0.621-0690, P < 0.001; For MPC2: RR = 0.696, 95% CI: 0.660-0.734, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that MPC1 and MPC2 expressions are of prognostic values in PCAs and that positive expression of MPC1 or MPC2 is a predictor of favorable outcome.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Transporte de Anión/genética , Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana Mitocondrial/genética , Proteínas Mitocondriales/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Línea Celular , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Transportadores de Ácidos Monocarboxílicos , Clasificación del Tumor , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico
7.
Prostate ; 75(6): 662-71, 2015 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25620661

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Reactive tumor stroma has been shown to play an active role in prostatic carcinogenesis. A grading system for reactive stroma in prostate cancer (PC) has recently been established and found to predict biochemical recurrence and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) in prostatectomized patients. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no study investigating the prognostic value of reactive stromal grading (RSG) with regard to PCSM when evaluated in diagnostic prostate needle biopsies. METHODS: A population-based study on 318 patients, encompassing all cases of PC diagnosed by needle biopsies and without evidence of systemic metastasis at the time of diagnosis in Aust-Agder County in the period 1991-1999. Patients were identified by cross-referencing the Cancer Registry of Norway. Clinical data were obtained by review of medical charts. The endpoint was PCSM. RSG was evaluated on haematoxylin and eosin stained sections according to previously described criteria; grade 0, 0-5% reactive stroma; grade 1, 6-15%; grade 2, 16-50%; grade 3, 51-100%. RESULTS: RSG could be evaluated in 278 patients. The median follow- up time was 110 months (interquartile range: 51-171). The 10-year PC - specific survival rate for RSGs of 0, 1, 2, and 3 was 96%, 81%, 69%, and 63%, respectively (P < 0.005). RSG remained independently associated with PCSM in a multivariate Cox regression analysis adjusting for prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage, Gleason score, and mode of treatment. The concordance index of the multivariate model was 0.814 CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that RSG in diagnostic prostate needle biopsies predicts PCSM independently of other evaluable prognostic factors. Hence, RSG could be used in addition to traditional prognostic factors for prognostication and treatment stratification of PC patients.


Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja , Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Anciano , Humanos , Masculino , Clasificación del Tumor , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Neoplasias de la Próstata/mortalidad
8.
BMC Cancer ; 15: 502, 2015 Jul 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26148881

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) is widely used as a specific cancer stem cell marker in a variety of cancers, and may become a promising target for cancer therapy. However, the role of its expression in tumor cells and the microenvironment in different cancers is still controversial. METHODS: To clarify the clinicopathological effect of ALDH1 expression in ovarian carcinoma, a series of 248 cases of paraffin-embedded formalin fixed ovarian carcinoma tissues with long term follow-up information were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The immunostaining of ALDH1was variably detected in both tumor cells and the stromal cells, although the staining in tumor cells was not as strong as that in stromal cells. Statistical analyses showed that high ALDH1 expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with histological subtypes, early FIGO stage, well differentiation grade and better survival probability (p < 0.05). The expression of ALDH1 in the stromal cells had no clinicopathological associations in the present study (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIOMS: High expression of cancer stem cell marker ALDH1 in ovarian carcinoma cells may thus portend a favorable prognosis, but its expression in tumor microenvironment may have no role in tumor behavior of ovarian carcinomas. More studies are warranted to find out the mechanisms for this.


Asunto(s)
Expresión Génica , Isoenzimas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/genética , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1 , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/mortalidad , Pronóstico , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto Joven
9.
J Oral Pathol Med ; 44(7): 515-22, 2015 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25224722

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Expression of the stem cell transcription factor SOX2 is often used to imply stemness and poor prognosis in cancer. However, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is not fully elucidated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tumour tissues from 62 patients with primary, node negative and non-metastatic OSCCs were used to evaluate SOX2 expression by immunohistochemistry. The results were correlated to clinicopathology, treatment and disease recurrences. RESULTS: The majority of the OSCCs (88%) expressed SOX2. Patients with higher nuclear SOX2 staining intensity in the invasive front compared to the adjacent normal epithelium, had a remarkable longer disease-free period if they received adjuvant post-operative radiotherapy (P = 0.001). This was in particular evident for highly differentiated OSCCs, as none of the high SOX2-expressing tumours reoccurred in contrast to all low SOX2-expressing OSCCs. CONCLUSIONS: High nuclear SOX2 expression in the invasive front was associated with dramatic longer disease-free period than low SOX2-expressing carcinomas after post-operative radiotherapy in small OSCCs. The result suggested that high nuclear SOX2 expression at the invasive front may predict radiosensitivity.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Boca/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción SOXB1/biosíntesis , Biomarcadores de Tumor/biosíntesis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Línea Celular , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Boca/patología , Neoplasias de la Boca/radioterapia , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia
10.
BMC Cancer ; 14: 602, 2014 Aug 20.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25139714

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We have previously reported overexpression of the immunoregulatory protein B7-H3 in colorectal cancer and that nuclear expression predicted poor outcome in colon cancer patients. The present study was performed to examine the prognostic role of B7-H3 in an independent colorectal cancer cohort. METHODS: Using tissue microarrays from 731 colorectal cancer patients, tumour B7-H3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome were investigated. RESULTS: Nuclear expression of B7-H3 in cancer cells was present in 27% of the samples in the total study cohort, while cytoplasmic/membrane and stromal expression was seen in 86% and 77% of the samples, respectively. Nuclear B7-H3 had no prognostic relevance in the complete outcome cohort, neither in colon cancer patients. However, nuclear B7-H3 was significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free survival in TNM stage I colorectal cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of B7-H3 in colorectal cancer was confirmed, but in contrast to previous results, nuclear B7-H3 was not a strong prognostic biomarker in this cohort. The discrepancy might be related to the use of single-core tissue microarrays for detection of the heterogeneously expressed B7-H3, and the role of B7-H3 in colorectal cancer still needs further examination.


Asunto(s)
Antígenos B7/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares
11.
Urol Int ; 93(3): 289-95, 2014.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25170745

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To establish predictors of clinical failure in patients operated with radical prostatectomy (RP) for clinically localized prostate cancer (PC) by analyzing the pathological characteristics of positive surgical margins (PSM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The RP specimens of 303 consecutive patients operated with RP between 1985 and 2009 were reviewed. PSM were analyzed with regard to the PSM length, location and multifocality and the Gleason score (GS) at the PSM. RESULTS: Of the 163 patients with PSM, 79 (48%) progressed to clinical failure compared to 30 (22%) in the negative-margin-status group. In univariate analysis, a GS at the PSM ≥4 + 3 = 7 (p = 0. 013) and a PSM length >3.0 mm (p < 0.005) were significantly associated with higher clinical failure rates compared to a GS at the PSM ≤3 + 4 = 7 and ≤3.0 mm in extent, respectively. A linear extent of the PSM ≤3.0 mm appeared to have the same clinical outcome as in the group with a negative margin status. In multivariate analysis, a PSM length >3.0 mm remained an independent predictor of clinical failure. CONCLUSIONS: PSM length is an independent predictor of clinical failure following RP.


Asunto(s)
Prostatectomía/métodos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/etiología , Pronóstico , Dosis de Radiación , Proyectos de Investigación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento
12.
Int J Cancer ; 133(1): 149-55, 2013 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23280694

RESUMEN

Detection of pretreatment disseminated cells (pre-DTC) reflecting its homing to bone marrow (BM) in prostate cancer (PCa) might improve the current model to predict recurrence or survival in men with nonmetastatic disease despite of primary treatment. Thereby, pre-DTC may serve as an early prognostic biomarker. Post-treatment DTCs (post-DTC) finding may supply the clinician with additional predictive information about the possible course of PCa. To assess the prognostic impact of DTCs in BM aspirates sampled before initiation of primary therapy (pre-DTC) and at least 2 years after (post-DTC) to established prognostic factors and survival in patients with PCa. Available BM of 129 long-term follow-up patients with T1-3N0M0 PCa was assessed in addition to 100 BM of those in whom a pretreatment BM was sampled. Patients received either combined therapy [n = 81 (63%)], radiotherapy (RT) with different duration of hormone treatment (HT) or monotherapy with RT or HT alone [n = 48 (37%)] adapted to the criteria of the SPCG-7 trial. Mononuclear cells were deposited on slides according to the cytospin methodology and DTCs were identified by immunocytochemistry using the pancytokeratin antibodies AE1/AE3. The median age of men at diagnosis was 64.5 years (range 49.5-73.4 years). The median long-term follow-up from first BM sampling to last observation was 11 years. Categorized clinically relevant factors in PCa showed only pre-DTC status as the statistically independent parameter for survival in the multivariate analysis. Pre-DTCs homing to BM are significantly associated with clinically relevant outcome independent to the patient's treatment at diagnosis with nonmetastatic PCa.


Asunto(s)
Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Anciano , Antineoplásicos Hormonales/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Médula Ósea/patología , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Clasificación del Tumor , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/inmunología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/terapia , Radioterapia Adyuvante
13.
Histopathology ; 62(7): 1028-37, 2013 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23570416

RESUMEN

AIMS: To investigate the aberrant expression of CD117 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and its prognostic significance. METHODS AND RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for CD117 was performed on tissue microarray and routine tissue sections from 157 oesophageal SCC patients and 10 normal oesophageal epithelia adjacent to tumour. The positive rate of CD117 expression was 29.9% in oesophageal SCC tissues, whereas no CD117 expression was detected in the 10 normal oesophageal epithelia. CD117 expression was significantly associated with T stage (P < 0.001), distant metastasis (P = 0.015), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.019), and clinical stage (P = 0.021). Progression-free survival in the patients with CD117-positive tumours was shorter than that in the patients with CD117-negative tumours (P = 0.010). In univariate analyses, CD117 expression was the most significant factor for overall survival of oesophageal SCC patients (P < 0.001), followed by lymph node metastasis (P = 0.001), T stage (P = 0.002), clinical stage (P = 0.006), distant metastasis (P = 0.020), and histological grade (P = 0.027). Multivariate analyses verified that CD117 expression was an independent prognostic marker for oesophageal SCC patients (P = 0.002). In addition, CD117 expression predicted poorer survival in patients without distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: CD117 expression in operable oesophageal SCC may be a valuable prognostic marker, and detection of its expression in clinical samples may be useful in defining a subclass of oesophageal SCCs with extremely poor clinical outcome, which may require a specially targeted treatment modality.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , China/epidemiología , Terapia Combinada , Neoplasias Esofágicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Esofágicas/mortalidad , Esofagectomía , Femenino , Humanos , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Tasa de Supervivencia , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares
14.
BMC Cancer ; 13: 288, 2013 Jun 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23767999

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer form with increasing incidence rate and few treatment options. Wee1 is a central regulator of the G2/M DNA-damage checkpoint, and has in previous studies been described as a prognostic biomarker and a potential target for therapy in other cancer forms. METHODS: In the present study we analyzed the expression of Wee1 in a panel of 297 vulvar tumors by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, siRNA transfections were carried out in two vulvar cancer cell lines (SW-954 and CAL-39) in order to study the effect on cell cycle distribution (flow cytometry) and proteins (western blot) involved in DNA damage response and apoptosis. RESULTS: Wee1 kinase is increased in vulvar squamous cell carcinomas, as compared to expression in normal epithelium, and a high Wee1 expression is associated with markers of malignancy, such as lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation. Our in vitro results showed that siRNA mediated Wee1 silencing only led to a modest reduction in viability, when examined in vulvar cancer cell lines. Nonetheless, a marked increase in DNA damages, as assessed by augmented levels of γ-H2AX, was observed in both cell lines in the absence of Wee1. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Wee1 may be involved in the progression of vulvar carcinomas. Based on our in vitro results, Wee1 is unlikely to function as a target for mono-treatment of these patients.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/biosíntesis , Proteínas Nucleares/biosíntesis , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Vulva/metabolismo , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Western Blotting , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/análisis , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Nucleares/análisis , Pronóstico , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas/análisis , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Transfección , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología
15.
BMC Cancer ; 13: 506, 2013 Oct 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24165149

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Increased vascularity is a crucial event in the tumor progression and has prognostic significance in various cancers. However, the ultimate role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of vulvar carcinoma patients is still not settled. METHODS: Tumor vascularity using CD34 stained slides measured by Chalkley counting method as well as hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) immunoexpression was examined in 158 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Associations between vascular Chalkley count, HIF-1α and VEGF expression and clinicopathological factors and clinical outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: High CD34 Chalkley count was found to correlate with larger tumor diameter (P = 0.002), deep invasion (P < 0.001) and HIF-1α (P = 0.04), whereas high VEGF expression correlate significantly with poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.007). No significant association between CD34 Chalkley counts and VEGF expression and disease-specific survival was observed. High HIF-1α expression showed better disease specific survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A significant association between high tumor vascularity and larger tumor size as well as deeper tumor invasion suggests an important role of angiogenesis in the growth and progression of vulvar carcinomas. HIF-1α expression in vulvar carcinomas was a statistically independent prognostic factor.


Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vulva/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos CD34/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Vulva/mortalidad
16.
Acta Oncol ; 52(1): 91-101, 2013 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22934555

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Over-treatment of low-risk early breast cancer patients with adjuvant systemic therapies is an important clinical challenge. Better techniques are required which can be used to distinguish between the large group of patients with no residual disease after surgery and consequently no benefit of adjuvant treatment, from the smaller group with high relapse risk. A better integration of available prognostic factors might contribute to improved prediction of clinical outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current study included 346 unselected pT1pN0 patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic treatment. In Norway, no patients with this stage were recommended systemic treatment at the time of the study (1995-1998). Histological type, tumour size, grade, vascular invasion (VI), hormone receptor (HR) status, HER2 and Ki67 (cut-off 10%) were analysed. Median follow-up was 86 months for relapse and 101 months for death. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients experienced relapse, 31 with distant metastasis. Twenty-one patients died of breast cancer. In univariate analysis grade, HER2, HR, VI and Ki67 had impact on clinical outcome (p < 0.005, log rank). In multivariate analysis, only grade 1-2 vs. grade 3, HER2, VI, and Ki67 status were significant for disease free survival, distant disease free survival, and/or breast cancer specific survival. These factors were used in combination, to separate patients into groups based on the number of unfavourable factors present [combined prognostic score (CPS) 0-4]. Close to 2/3 of the patients (61.4%) had no unfavourable factor (CPS0), whilst 18.4% had CPS ≥ 2. Only 3.6% of those with CPS0 developed metastasis (p < 0.001). The outcome was clearly worse for patients with CPS ≥ 2 (p < 0.001), systemic relapse was detected in approximately 40%. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the combined use of grade, VI, HER2 and Ki67 identifies a subgroup of breast cancer patients with a relapse risk that may question the benefit of adjuvant systemic therapy.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Clasificación del Tumor , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Radioterapia Adyuvante
17.
Breast Cancer Res ; 14(4): R117, 2012 Aug 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22889108

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in bone marrow (BM) and circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood (PB) predicts reduced survival in early breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of and alterations in DTC- and CTC-status in locally advanced breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and to evaluate their prognostic impact. METHODS: Bone marrow and peripheral blood were collected before NACT (BM1: n = 231/PB1: n = 219), at surgery (BM2: n = 69/PB2: n = 71), and after 12 months from start of NACT (BM3: n = 162/PB3: n = 141). Patients were included from 1997 to 2003 and followed until 2009 (or ten years follow-up). DTC- and CTC-status were determined by morphological evaluation of immunocytochemically detected cytokeratin-positive cells. The prognostic significance of DTCs/CTCs was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox-regression analyses. RESULTS: Before NACT, DTCs and CTCs were detected in 21.2% and 4.9% of the patients, respectively. At surgery, 15.9% and 1.4% had DTC- and CTC-presence, compared to 26.5% and 4.3% at 12 months from start of NACT. Of patients for whom DTC results both before NACT and at 12 months were available, concordant results were observed in 68%, and 14 out of 65 had positive DTC-status at both time points. Presence of ≥ 1 DTC 12 months from start of NACT, but not at other time points, predicted reduced disease-free survival (DFS; HR 2.3, p = 0.003), breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS; HR 3.0, p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS; HR 2.8, p < 0.001). Before NACT, presence of ≥ 3 DTCs was also associated with unfavorable outcome, and reduced BCSS was observed for CTC-positive patients (HR 2.2, p = 0.046). In multivariate analysis, DTC status (

Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Médula Ósea/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Pronóstico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Resultado del Tratamiento
18.
Histopathology ; 61(3): 350-64, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22690749

RESUMEN

AIMS: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR-1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) play a role in breast cancer growth and angiogenesis. We examined the expression and relationship with clinical outcome and other prognostic factors. METHODS AND RESULTS: Tumour sections from 468 breast cancer patients were immunostained for VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2, and their relationships with tumour vascularity, disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in bone marrow and other clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 immunoreactivities were observed in invasive breast carcinoma cells. VEGF expression was significantly associated with VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 expression (P < 0.001). High-level cytoplasmic expression of VEGFR-1 was associated with significantly reduced distant disease-free survival (DDFS) (P = 0.017, log-rank) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.005, log-rank) for all patients, and for node-negative patients without systemic treatment (DDFS, P = 0.03, log-rank; BCSS, P = 0.009, log-rank). VEGFR-1 expression was significantly associated with histopathological markers of aggressiveness (P < 0.05). Significantly reduced survival was observed in DTC-positive patients as compared with DTC-negative patients in the combined moderate/high VEGFR-1 group (P < 0.001 for DDFS and BCSS), and the same was true for DDFS in the moderate VEGFR-2 group (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: High-level expression of VEGFR-1 indicates reduced survival. Higher-level expression of VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 in primary breast carcinomas combined with the presence of DTC selects a prognostically unfavourable patient group.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/biosíntesis , Receptor 1 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/biosíntesis , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Carcinoma/patología , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Clasificación del Tumor , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Neovascularización Patológica/patología , Pronóstico
19.
Tumour Biol ; 33(4): 967-78, 2012 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22252524

RESUMEN

Bone marrow metastases are formed in the late phases of prostate cancer disease. Stem cell factor (SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) are present in the microenvironment of the bone marrow and play a vital role in cell biology therein. The present study was to investigate the influence of SCF and G-CSF on stem-like properties in prostate cancer cell lines. Upon stimulation with SCF or G-CSF, higher levels of CD117, ABCG2, and CD44 were observed in PC-3 and DU145 cells examined by flow cytometry. Simultaneously, the expressions of Oct3/4 and Nanog were upregulated. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR verified that the increased Nanog under the stimulations was mostly derived from NANOGP8. In parallel with the increasing expressions of these proteins, higher colony and sphere formation efficiencies were seen in these cells in response to the cytokine stimulations. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of SCF and G-CSF on colony and sphere formations and ABCG2 expression was disclosed. Our results indicate a favorable bone marrow niche for prostate cancer cells where higher levels of cell stemness are maintained at least partly by the cytokines SCF and G-CSF.


Asunto(s)
Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos/farmacología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/efectos de los fármacos , Esferoides Celulares/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Células Madre/farmacología , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2 , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Citometría de Flujo , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Immunoblotting , Masculino , Proteína Homeótica Nanog , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Factor 3 de Transcripción de Unión a Octámeros/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-kit/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Esferoides Celulares/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacos
20.
BMC Cancer ; 12: 201, 2012 May 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22642602

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: To study whether hypoxia influences the stem-like properties of ovarian cancer cells and their biological behavior under hypoxia. METHOD: Ovarian cancer cell lines ES-2 and OVCAR-3 were cultivated in different oxygen tensions for proliferation, cell cycling and invasion analyses. The clonogenic potential of cells was examined by colony formation and sphere formation assays. Stem cell surface markers, SP and CD44bright and CD44dim cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Protein expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, Ot3/4 and Sox2 were investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS: Both cell lines cultivated at hypoxic condition grew relatively slowly with extended G0/G1 phase. However, if the cells were pre-treated under 1% O2 for 48 hrs before brought back to normoxia, the cells showed significantly higher proliferation rate with higher infiltration capability, and significant more colonies and spheres, in comparison to the cells always cultivated under normoxia. CD44bright cells expressed significantly higher levels of Oct3/4 and Sox2 than the CD44dim cells and formed significantly more clones and spheres examined in vitro. Hypoxic treatment of the cells resulted in stronger CD44 expression in both cell lines, and stronger CD133 expression in the OVCAR-3 cell line. In parallel with these findings, significantly increased number of side population (SP) cells and up-regulated expression of Oct3/4 and Sox2 in both ES-2 and OVCAR-3 cell lines were observed. CONCLUSION: We conclude that ovarian cancer cells survive hypoxia by upgrading their stem-like properties through up-regulation of stemness-related factors and behave more aggressively when brought back to higher oxygen environment.


Asunto(s)
Células Madre Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral , Antígeno AC133 , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular , Hipoxia de la Célula , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Femenino , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Péptidos/metabolismo , Fenotipo , Células de Población Lateral/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo
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