Creating one-dimensional nanoscale periodic ripples in a continuous mosaic graphene monolayer.

In previous studies, it has proved difficult to realize periodic graphene ripples with wavelengths of a few nanometers. Here we show that one-dimensional (1D) periodic graphene ripples with wavelengths from 2 nm to tens of nanometers can be implemented in the intrinsic areas of a continuous mosaic (locally N-doped) graphene monolayer by simultaneously using both the thermal strain engineering and the anisotropic surface stress of the Cu substrate. Our result indicates that the constraint imposed at the boundaries between the intrinsic and the N-doped regions play a vital role in creating these 1D ripples. We also demonstrate that the observed rippling modes are beyond the descriptions of continuum mechanics due to the decoupling of graphene's bending and tensional deformations. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements indicate that the nanorippling generates a periodic electronic superlattice and opens a zero-energy gap of about 130 meV in graphene. This result may pave a facile way for tailoring the structures and electronic properties of graphene.

Kondo scattering in underdoped Nd1-xSrxNiO2 infinite-layer superconducting thin films.

The recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates generates tremendous research endeavors, but the ground state of their parent compounds is still under debate. Here, we report experimental evidence for the dominant role of Kondo scattering in the underdoped Nd1-xSrxNiO2 thin films. A resistivity minimum associated with logarithmic temperature dependence in both longitudinal and Hall resistivities are observed in the underdoped Nd1-xSrxNiO2 samples before the superconducting transition. At lower temperatures down to 0.04 K, the resistivities become saturated, following the prediction of the Kondo model. A linear scaling behavior [Formula: see text] between anomalous Hall conductivity [Formula: see text] and conductivity [Formula: see text]is revealed, verifying the dominant Kondo scattering at low temperature. The effect of weak (anti-)localization is found to be secondary. Our experiments can help in clarifying the basic physics in the underdoped Nd1-xSrxNiO2 infinite-layer thin films.

Angle-dependent van Hove singularities in a slightly twisted graphene bilayer.

Recent studies show that two low-energy van Hove singularities (VHSs) seen as two pronounced peaks in the density of states could be induced in a twisted graphene bilayer. Here, we report angle-dependent VHSs of a slightly twisted graphene bilayer studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show that energy difference of the two VHSs follows ΔE(vhs)∼ℏν(F)ΔK between 1.0° and 3.0° [here ν(F)∼1.1 × 10(6) m/s is the Fermi velocity of monolayer graphene, and ΔK = 2Ksin(θ/2) is the shift between the corresponding Dirac points of the twisted graphene bilayer]. This result indicates that the rotation angle between graphene sheets does not result in a significant reduction of the Fermi velocity, which quite differs from that predicted by band structure calculations. However, around a twisted angle θ∼1.3°, the observed ΔE(vhs)∼0.11 eV is much smaller than the expected value ℏν(F)ΔK∼0.28 eV at 1.3°. The origin of the reduction of ΔE(vhs) at 1.3° is discussed.

Scanning tunnelling microscope studies of angstrom-scale Co3O4 nanowires.

We report the bottom-up assembly of an atomic-scale building block, which consists of four Co(3+) cations, two Co(2+) cations, and eight O(2-) anions, for generating one-dimensional Co(3)O(4) nanostructures with diameters ranging from 0.5 to 3 nm. Controlled experiments were carried out and the growth mechanism of the Co(3)O(4) nanowires was investigated. The effects of a single cation defect on the epitaxial growth of the one-dimensional nanostructures were investigated. We proposed a self-rectifying growth mechanism on the basis of direct experimental observations. This mechanism will help us to understand synthesized crystals usually exhibiting homogeneous composition and uniform morphology, though the existence of defects is inevitable in the growth process.

Influence of In-Gap States on the Formation of Two-Dimensional Election Gas at ABO3/SrTiO3 Interfaces.

We explored in-gap states (IGSs) in perovskite oxide heterojunction films. We report that IGSs in these films play a crucial role in determining the formation and properties of interfacial two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We report that electron trapping by IGSs opposes charge transfer from the film to the interface. The IGS in films yielded insulating interfaces with polar discontinuity and explained low interface carrier density of conducting interfaces. An ion trapping model was proposed to explain the physics of the IGSs and some experimental findings, such as the unexpected formation of 2DEG at the initially insulating LaCrO3/SrTiO3 interface and the influence of substitution layers on 2DEG.

Liquid-assisted tip manipulation: fabrication of twisted bilayer graphene superlattices on HOPG.

We use the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to manipulate single weakly bound nanometer-sized sheets on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface through artificially increasing the tip and sample interaction by pretreatment of the surface using a liquid thiol molecule. By this means it is possible to tear apart a graphite sheet against a step and fold this part onto the HOPG surface and thus generate graphene superlattices with hexagonal symmetry. The tip and sample surface interactions, including the van der Waals force, electrostatic force and capillary attraction force originating from the Laplace pressure due to the formation of a highly curved fluid meniscus connecting the tip and sample, are discussed quantitatively to understand the formation mechanism of a graphene superlattice induced by the STM tip. The capillary force plays a key role in manipulating the graphite surface sheet under humid conditions. Our approach provides a simple and feasible route to prepare controllable superlattices and graphene nanoribbons and also to better understand the process of generation of a graphene superlattice on the surface of HOPG with the tip.

Strain and curvature induced evolution of electronic band structures in twisted graphene bilayer.

It is well established that strain and geometry could affect the band structure of graphene monolayer dramatically. Here we study the evolution of local electronic properties of a twisted graphene bilayer induced by a strain and a high curvature, which are found to strongly affect the local band structures of the twisted graphene bilayer. The energy difference of the two low-energy van Hove singularities decreases with increasing lattice deformation and the states condensed into well-defined pseudo-Landau levels, which mimic the quantization of massive chiral fermions in a magnetic field of about 100 T, along a graphene wrinkle. The joint effect of strain and out-of-plane distortion in the graphene wrinkle also results in a valley polarization with a significant gap. These results suggest that strained graphene bilayer could be an ideal platform to realize the high-temperature zero-field quantum valley Hall effect.

Ultrathin Co3O4 nanowires with high catalytic oxidation of CO.

Ultrathin Co(3)O(4) nanostructures with high catalytic oxidation of CO were synthesized by heating cobalt foils under atmospheric conditions. The Co(3)O(4) nanostructures were selectively exposing (111) planes composed of plenty of Co(3+) cations. We observed ultrahigh catalytic oxidation of CO in Co(3)O(4) nanowires with about 3 nm diameter.