Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on amphotericin-B induced acute renal failure in rats.

AIM: Acute renal injury may occur after amphotericin B (AmB) administration. The hypothesized injury mechanism is renal vasoconstriction and direct toxic damage. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is indicated for treatment of many ischemic events but not for acute renal failure (ARF). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of HBO therapy in AmB induced ARF. METHODS: ARF was induced in 41 Sprague-Dawley rats by a single dose of 75 mg/kg AmB. The rats were randomly divided into two groups; one group was treated with daily HBO for 3 consecutive days. The control group received no HBO treatment. Parameters of renal function were taken on the 5th day after AmB administration. RESULTS: Forty-one rats were treated with AmB, 21 received HBO and 20 served as controls. Body weight loss following the administration of AmB was 13.5+14.7% in the HBO treated rats, as opposed to 24.6+5% in the control group (P=0.004). Serum creatinine and urea were 0.49+0.13 mg/dL and 200.63+87.82 mg/dL in the treatment group and 0.70+0.22 mg/dL and 368.01+169.35 mg/dL, respectively in the control (P=0.001). CONCLUSION: In this model of AmB-induced ARF, HBO treatment alleviated renal injury as reflected by changes in serum creatinine and urea levels.

Automated circuit fabrication and direct characterization of carbon nanotube vibrations.

Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes have fascinated many researchers due to their unprecedented properties. However, a major drawback in utilizing carbon nanotubes for practical applications is the difficulty in positioning or growing them at specific locations. Here we present a simple, rapid, non-invasive and scalable technique that enables optical imaging of carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotube scaffold serves as a seed for nucleation and growth of small size, optically visible nanocrystals. After imaging the molecules can be removed completely, leaving the surface intact, and thus the carbon nanotube electrical and mechanical properties are preserved. The successful and robust optical imaging allowed us to develop a dedicated image processing algorithm through which we are able to demonstrate a fully automated circuit design resulting in field effect transistors and inverters. Moreover, we demonstrate that this imaging method allows not only to locate carbon nanotubes but also, as in the case of suspended ones, to study their dynamic mechanical motion.