Translation and validation into Brazilian Portuguese of the English version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-MLUTS).

OBJECTIVES: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the English version of the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire for Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-MLUTS) into Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate its psychometric properties. INTRODUCTION: Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are frequent and commonly assessed with questionnaires. The ICIQ-MLUTS is a robust instrument that investigates the main aspects of LUTS in men and their impact on quality of life. Although highly recommended, Grade A is not as popular as the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and remained untranslated and unvalidated for Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS: After authorization by the Advisory Board of the International Consultation on Incontinence (ICIQ) the translation process was conducted according to the standard guidelines and the ICIQ validation protocol. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's ⍺ coefficient and values > 0.7 were considered satisfactory. To assess test-retest reliability and reproducibility, Spearman's correlation coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient were used. For group data, a Spearman correlation coefficient or an intraclass correlation coefficient of at least 0.70 demonstrates good test-retest reliability. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-six, aged 61.41 ± 11.01 years, suffering from LUTS participated in the study between January 2021 and October 2022. Cronbach's ⍺, 0.875, demonstrated the internal consistency of the Portuguese version of ICIQ-MLUTS. The intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.912 (0.882; 0.935 - 95% CI) for the test-retest evidenced the stability and validity of the instrument. Likewise, Spearman's correlation coefficient highlighted the agreement between IPSS and ICIQ-MLUTS, 0.906, <0.001. DISCUSSION: The Portuguese version of the ICIQ-MLUTS demonstrated internal consistency, stability, and validity, in addition to agreement with the IPSS. CONCLUSION: The ICIQ-MLUTS, translated and validated into Brazilian Portuguese, is a robust and reliable instrument to assess LUTS in Brazilian men and can be used in the evaluation of treatment and research.

Adhesion molecules of detrusor muscle cells are influenced by a hypercholesterolemic diet or bladder outlet obstruction in a Wistar rat model.

BACKGROUND: Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are essential for maintaining tissue integrity by regulating intercellular and cell to extracellular matrix interactions. Cadherins and catenins are CAMs that are located on the cell membrane and are important for adherens junction (AJ) function. This study aims to verify if hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) or bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) promotes structural bladder wall modifications specific to alterations in the expression of cadherins and catenins in detrusor muscle cells. METHODS: Forty-five 4-week-old female Wistar rats were divided into the following three groups: group 1 was a control group that was fed a normal diet (ND); group 2 was the BOO model and was fed a ND; and group 3 was a control group that was fed a HCD (1.25% cholesterol). Initially, serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and body weight were determined. Four weeks later, groups 1 and 3 underwent a sham operation; whereas group 2 underwent a partial BOO procedure that included a suture tied around the urethra. Six weeks later, all rats had their bladders removed, and previous exams were repeated. The expression levels of N-, P-, and E-cadherin, cadherin-11 and alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenins were evaluated by immunohistochemistry with a semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS: Wistar rats fed a HCD (group 3) exhibited a significant increase in LDL cholesterol levels (p=0.041) and body weight (p=0.017) when compared to both groups that were fed a normal diet in a ten-week period. We found higher ß- and γ-catenin expression in groups 2 and 3 when compared to group 1 (p = 0.042 and p = 0.044, respectively). We also observed Cadherin-11 overexpression in group 3 when compared to groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A HCD in Wistar rats promoted, in addition to higher body weight gain and increased serum LDL cholesterol levels, overexpression of ß- and γ-catenin in the detrusor muscle cells. Similar finding was observed in the BOO group. Higher Cadherin-11 expression was observed only in the HCD-treated rats. These findings may be associated with bladder dysfunctions that occur under such situations.

Robot-Assisted Infratrigonal Vesicovaginal Fistula Repair.

BACKGROUND: Although relatively rare, vesicovaginal fistula is the most common genitourinary fistula, causing a significant decrease in patients' quality of life. Location of fistula is major supratrigonal, with some cases located in the trigone and rarely below it. Disease treatment is surgical, and repair can be performed by several techniques, including robot-assisted. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a patient who developed an infratrigonal vesicovaginal fistula after treatment of a cervical cancer. The patient was submitted to robotic repair of the vesicovaginal fistula. CONCLUSION: The use of robot-assisted laparoscopy is expanding over all areas of urology and its applicability to repair vesicovaginal fistulas brings good results.

Contemporary surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in adult men and its incidence increases progressively with aging. It has an important impact on the individual's physical and mental health and its natural progression can lead to serious pathological situations. Although the initial treatment is pharmacological, except in specific situations, the tendency of disease progression causes a considerable portion of the patients to require surgical treatment. In this case, there are several options available today in the therapeutic armamentarium. Among the options, established techniques, such as open surgery and endoscopic resection using monopolar energy, still prevail in the choice of surgeons because they are more accessible, both from a socioeconomic standpoint in the vast majority of medical services and in terms of training of medical teams. On the other hand, new techniques and technologies arise sequentially in order to minimize aggression, surgical time, recovery and complications, optimizing results related to the efficacy/safety dyad. Each of these techniques has its own peculiarities regarding availability due to cost, learning curve and scientific consolidation in order to achieve recognition as a cutting-edge method in the medical field. The use of bipolar energy in endoscopic resection of the prostate, laser vaporization and enucleation techniques, and videolaparoscopy are examples of new options that have successfully traced this path. Robot-assisted surgery has gained a lot of space in the last decade, but it still needs to dodge the trade barrier. Other techniques and technologies will need to pass the test of time to be able to conquer their space in this growing market.

Contemporary surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia / Tratamento cirúrgico contemporâneo da hiperplasia prostática benigna

Summary Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in adult men and its incidence increases progressively with aging. It has an important impact on the individual's physical and mental health and its natural progression can lead to serious pathological situations. Although the initial treatment is pharmacological, except in specific situations, the tendency of disease progression causes a considerable portion of the patients to require surgical treatment. In this case, there are several options available today in the therapeutic armamentarium. Among the options, established techniques, such as open surgery and endoscopic resection using monopolar energy, still prevail in the choice of surgeons because they are more accessible, both from a socioeconomic standpoint in the vast majority of medical services and in terms of training of medical teams. On the other hand, new techniques and technologies arise sequentially in order to minimize aggression, surgical time, recovery and complications, optimizing results related to the efficacy/safety dyad. Each of these techniques has its own peculiarities regarding availability due to cost, learning curve and scientific consolidation in order to achieve recognition as a cutting-edge method in the medical field. The use of bipolar energy in endoscopic resection of the prostate, laser vaporization and enucleation techniques, and videolaparoscopy are examples of new options that have successfully traced this path. Robot-assisted surgery has gained a lot of space in the last decade, but it still needs to dodge the trade barrier. Other techniques and technologies will need to pass the test of time to be able to conquer their space in this growing market.

Resumo A hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) é uma condição comum em homens adultos, de incidência progressiva com o envelhecimento, com importante impacto nas saúdes física e mental do indivíduo e história natural que pode levar a situações patológicas graves. Embora o tratamento inicial, salvo em situações específicas, seja farmacológico, a tendência de progressão da doença leva uma considerável parcela dos pacientes a necessitar do tratamento cirúrgico. Neste caso, existem diversas opções hoje disponíveis no arsenal terapêutico. Dentre estas, as técnicas consagradas, como as cirurgias por via aberta e a ressecção endoscópica por energia monopolar, ainda ocupam extenso terreno na escolha dos cirurgiões por serem mais acessíveis, tanto do ponto de vista socioeconômico na imensa maioria dos serviços médicos quanto do de aprendizado por parte das equipes médicas. Por outro lado, novas técnicas e tecnologias surgem sequencialmente no intuito de minimizar a agressão, o tempo cirúrgico, as complicações, bem como favorecer a recuperação, otimizando resultados em relação ao binômio eficácia/segurança. Cada uma destas tem seu próprio curso em relação à disponibilidade de acesso em decorrência de custo, curva de aprendizagem e consolidação científica, a fim de atingir conceituação e utilização de ponta no meio médico. O uso da energia bipolar na ressecção endoscópica da próstata, as técnicas de vaporização e enucleação a laser e a videolaparoscopia são exemplos de novas opções que trilharam esse caminho com sucesso. A cirurgia robô-assistida tem conquistado bastante espaço na última década, embora ainda esbarre na barreira comercial. Outras técnicas e tecnologias devem passar pelo crivo do tempo para poderem cavar espaço neste mercado que, tempo após tempo, torna-se mais vasto.

Evaluation of the incidence of bladder perforation after transurethral bladder tumor resection in a residency setting.

PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the actual bladder perforation incidence during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURB) performed by residents and to identify possible predisposing factors to such condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients with bladder tumor were submitted to TURB in our academic institution in April 2006, and were prospectively studied. Procedures were all done by senior residents under an attending direct supervision. All patients had a cystograms performed after the procedure by the injection of 400 mL of saline-diluted contrast solution with low-pressure infusion through the Foley catheter. The cystograms were evaluated blindly by a single radiologist. All patients were examined by cystoscopy and/or CT every 3 months for the first 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: The cystogram showed contrast leaking compatible with bladder perforation in 17 (50%) cases. None of the perforations were recognized intraoperatively by the surgeon. All perforations were extraperitoneal and managed conservatively. There was no significant correlation between the incidence of bladder perforation and the patient age (p = 0.508), the tumor stage (p = 0.998), the tumor grade (p = 0.833), the number of lesions (p = 0.394), and the tumor size (p = 0.651). The only factor that had impact on the development of bladder perforation was tumor localization at the bottom of the bladder (p = 0.035; OR, 6750; 95% CI, 1.14, 39.8). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic perforations of the bladder wall occur very frequently after a TURB procedure performed by residents in training and, most of the time, are not noticed by the surgeon. Localization of the tumor at bladder dome was the only factor that negatively influenced perforation rates.

Influência da dieta hipercolesterolêmica na remodelação do colágeno da matriz extracelular da parede vesical em ratos / Influence of the hypercholesterolemic diet on the collagen remodeling of the bladder wall extracellular matrix in rats

Introdução: A bexiga é responsável em armazenar urina em volume adequado e de esvaziar seu conteúdo de forma plena. Suas propriedades miogênicas intrínsecas e viscoelásticas são as responsáveis por esta função. Disfunções vesicais podem ser decorrentes, dentre outras causas, de anormalidades intrínsecas da musculatura detrusora ou da composição de sua matriz extracelular (MEC). O colágeno corresponde a 50% do estroma vesical, possuindo importante papel na adaptação vesical a condições fisiopatológicas específicas. Os colágenos tipo I e III são os mais comuns, sendo o colágeno tipo III o primeiro a ser sintetizado em processos de reparação e fibrose. Diversas afecções como a obstrução infravesical (OIV) parcial crônica podem induzir estes processos através da remodelação da MEC e conseqüentemente alterar a função vesical. Acredita-se que a hipercolesterolemia também o faça, porém ainda não foi reproduzida tal associação a nível morfológico. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se dieta hipercolesterolêmica promove alterações estruturais vesicais em ratos, especialmente no que diz respeito à remodelação colágena. Método: Foram utilizadas 45 ratas da raça Wistar, de quatro semanas de idade, divididas em três grupos: 1) controle com dieta comum padrão para roedores (DN); 2) modelo de OIV com DN e 3) controle com dieta de alto teor lipídico (DATL 1,25% colesterol). Análise sérica do colesterol e fração LDL e medição do peso corporal foram realizadas em todos os animais inicialmente e no final do estudo. Com quatro semanas de estudo, as ratas dos grupos 1 e 3 foram submetidas à cirurgia simulada, enquanto os animais do grupo 2 foram efetivamente submetidos à cirurgia de OIV parcial. Após dissecção da uretra, fez-se uma ligadura parcial com Nylon 5-0, com um lúmen residual de aproximadamente 1 mm. Após seis semanas, todos os animais foram submetidos à remoção de suas bexigas e então sacrificados. Análise morfológica foi realizada através da coloração...

Purpose: Preserved bladder function is defined as the adequate storage and emptying of its urinary content. Compliance is an important factor for these functions and is directly related to the extracellular matrix composition. Its abnormalities can lead to bladder dysfunctions. The collagen represents 50% of bladder stroma, playing an important role in the bladder adaptation to specific pathologic conditions. Types I and III collagens are the most prevalent in bladder wall whereas type III collagen is the first synthesized in reparation and fibrosis processes. Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) promotes this process and hypercholesterolemia is also believed to create conditions for it, although no morphologic association has already been demonstrated. In this study we aimed to verify if hypercholesterolemic diet promotes structural bladder wall modifications, regarding the collagen remodeling. Methods: Forty-five female heterogenic Wistar 4 weeks-old rats were divided into three groups: 1) control fed on a normal diet (ND); 2) BOO model fed on a ND and 3) control fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD 1.25% cholesterol). Initially, serum cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and body weight were measured. Four weeks later groups 1 and 3 underwent a sham operation while group 2 underwent a partial BOO operation. After the urethra was dissected a 5-zero nylon suture was passed and tied loosely around the urethra with a 22G needle besides it. Six weeks later the bladders of all animals were removed, serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol analysis was performed, body weight was measured and then they were sacrificed. Morphological analysis was performed by Picrosirius red staining and immunohistochemistry for types I and III collagen. Statistical analysis was done comparing groups by the Oneway-Anova method and Tukey multiple comparisons when needed. Significance was considered when p < 0.05. Results: Wistar rats fed on a HC diet had a significant increase...