Eating styles profiles in Chilean women: A latent Profile analysis.

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of women based on their levels of emotional, external and restraint eating, and to determine differences in these eating styles profiles based on nutritional status, sociodemographic characteristics, stress, social support, and satisfaction with the body image. Questionnaires were administered to 884 women aged 20 to 60 living in two Chilean cities. Questionnaires included the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), the Medical Outcomes Study-Social Support Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Satisfaction with body image was assessed using a body-image-related single question. Nutritional status and sociodemographic characteristics were also assessed. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to identify profiles based on the three eating styles measured by the DEBQ. LPA allowed to distinguish four eating styles profiles: "women with medium emotional and external eating, high dietary restraint" (Profile 1, 36.64%); "women with low emotional, external and restraint eating" (Profile 2, 25.25%), "women with high emotional, external and restraint eating" (Profile 3, 21.85%); and "women with very low emotional and external eating, low dietary restraint" (Profile 4, 16.26%). Profile 1 had a greater proportion of women moderately satisfied with their body image. Profiles 2 and 4 scored higher in perceived social support and had greater proportions of women satisfied with their body image. Profile 4 had a higher proportion of married or cohabiting women. Profile 3 scored higher in the PSS and had higher proportion of obese and unsatisfied with their body image women. These results suggest that interventions to reduce emotional, external and restraint eating should not only involve the women, but also their family members.

Factor structure and reliability of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire in Chilean youth.

The aim of this study was to ascertain the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) for a sample of youth in Chile. Cross-sectional survey was conducted with 451 participants. A non-clinical sample of adolescents and young adults between 15 and 25 years responded the MBSRQ and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Factorial analysis identified seven factors and provided empirical evidence that supports the use of these factors to evaluate body perception in Chilean youth. Scores exhibited good reliability in three factors (over 0.80) and acceptable reliability in the other four (over 0.70). Findings suggest that the Spanish MBSRQ was psychometrically sound, with 7 factors which are largely consistent with those identified in the original version and validation study of this scale. These factors possess sufficient internal consistency to make it plausible for use in research and screening with Chilean youth, and potentially useful as an adjunctive measure in the context of clinical decision making.

Effectiveness of web-based feedback interventions for people with overweight and obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Web-based delivered interventions have become an innovative option to treat health problems, like obesity. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of web-based behavioral treatments for adults with overweight and obesity. Web-based interventions and comparison interventions (traditional weight control programs) were classified according to the following feedback characteristics: frequency, personalization, and provider (human versus machine). METHOD: From the initial 1789 studies, 15 were included in this review. A network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the efficacy of web-based programs with traditional interventions, considering direct and indirect comparisons. The main outcome was the weight loss mean difference (kg) between baseline and post-treatment. Heterogeneity and consistency assumptions were validated to conduct the network meta-analysis. RESULTS: Network meta-analysis showed comparisons between different treatment options. The main results were that Intensive Contact Web-based programs were more effective than wait-list (Mean Difference - 1.86 kg; 95% Confidence Interval: - 3.61, - 0.12). Moreover, Intensive Contact Web-based programs were more effective than the other web-based options and self-help traditional interventions. However, the only significant comparison was Intensive Contact Web-based programs versus Guided Self-Help Web-based programs (Mean Difference - 4.31 kg; 95% Confidence Interval: - 5,22, - 3,41). Intensive Contact Web-based programs were the most effective treatment option according the obtained results, achieving the first place in the ranking provided by the network meta-analysis with 98.5% of probabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive Contact Web-based interventions have obtained the first position in the ranking, proving the relevance of frequent, personalized, and professional feedback and their association with a better prognosis for people with overweight and obesity. These results provide relevant information to design more effective treatments for people with overweight and obesity, in a new format especially appropriate for the current situation.

The number of people with overweight and obesity has tripled worldwide since 1975. Obesity has become a serious problem for public health. For that reason, the design of innovative treatments for people with overweight and obesity is an urgent need. This systematic review and network meta-analysis assesses the effectiveness of innovative interventions, concretely web-based programs for overweight and obesity, comparing them with traditional behavioral treatments and wait-list groups. Both web-based and traditional behavioral treatments were classified according to three feedback characteristics: personalization, frequency, and provider (human versus machine). The literature has suggested that a frequent feedback is an indicator of good prognosis in traditional interventions. The results of this study showed that for web-based interventions, an intensive and personalized feedback provided by a healthcare professional was the treatment option that led to a better prognosis. The second and third option were web-based guided self-hep programs and traditional self-help programs. These interventions empowered the participants, providing more sense of self-efficacy. Web-based minimal-contact programs, web-based self-help programs and wait-list were the last options. An accurate ranking of available treatment options only can be provided by a network meta-analysis, the statistic technique used in this study.

[Eating styles of Chilean university students: What´s new?] / Estilos de ingesta de estudiantes universitarios chilenos: ¿qué hay de nuevo?

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: in the student population, the transition from the school system to the university system often involves a normative life crisis; one of the central challenges of this stage is the shift from an external normative system in permanent operation to individual self-regulation of behavior. One of the areas most affected by this change are self-care habits, including the changes associated with the eating behavior of students, which tend to have a greater impact on accelerated body weight gain, especially during the first years. Objective: to characterize the presence of eating styles-restrictive eating, emotional eating, and external eating-in a sample of Chilean university population. Methods: this was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1230 university students (59.1 % women, 41.9 % men) with a mean age of 21 years (SD ± 3.32). The version adapted to the Chilean population of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was applied. Results: the average scores of the total population for restrictive eating, emotional eating, and external eating were 2.56, 2.48, and 3.13, respectively. Gender differences were observed for all three styles. Discussion: External eating appears as the dominant intake style. This is key to understand the factors affecting the eating behavior of Chilean university students, and then develop effective interventions to consolidate eating habits appropriate for adult life.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en la población estudiantil, el paso desde el sistema escolar al sistema universitario supone muchas veces una crisis vital normativa; uno de los desafíos centrales de esta etapa consiste en mutar desde un sistema normativo externo en permanente funcionamiento hacia la autorregulación individual del comportamiento. Uno de los ámbitos que se ven más afectados con este cambio son los hábitos de autocuidado, entre los que destacan los cambios asociados al comportamiento alimentario de los estudiantes; su mayor repercusión suele ser una ganancia de peso corporal acelerada, especialmente en los primeros años de estudio. Objetivo: caracterizar la presencia de los estilos de ingesta ­la restricción alimentaria, el comer emocional y el comer externo­ en una muestra de población universitaria chilena. Métodos: estudio exploratorio de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra se compuso de 1230 estudiantes universitarios (59,1 % mujeres, 41,9 % hombres) con un promedio de edad de 21 años (DE ± 3,32). Se aplicó la versión adaptada a la población chilena del cuestionario Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. Resultados: los puntajes promedio de la población total para restricción alimentaria, comer emocional y comer externo fueron de 2,56, 2,48 y 3,13, respectivamente. Se observaron diferencias de género en los tres estilos de ingesta. Discusión: el comer externo aparece como estilo de ingesta dominante sobre los otros dos. Lo anterior sería fundamental para comprender los factores que inciden en la conducta alimentaria de los estudiantes universitarios chilenos y así poder desarrollar intervenciones efectivas para consolidar hábitos alimentarios apropiados para la vida adulta.

[Cross-cultural study of the different components of body dissatisfaction in community samples from Spain and Chile]. / Estudio transcultural de los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal en muestras comunitarias de España y Chile.

INTRODUCTION: Background: the study of body dissatisfaction has been focused on their perceptual and cognitive-behavioral components, being the affective component the least analyzed, both in Spain and Chile. Until now, it has been observed more presence of body dissatisfaction in overweight women. This fact has been related with the thinness beauty ideal established by society. Objective: to compare the different components of body dissatisfaction (perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and affective) in adults in a community sample of both sexes of Spain and Chile. Method: the sample consisted of 390 participants and has been divided in two samples by country (n = 179 Chileans; n = 211 Spanish). At the same time, these groups were divided in two groups by body mass index (BMI) and also by sex. The different components of body dissatisfaction were evaluated using specific questionnaires for each of them. Results and conclusion: both in Spain and in Chile, people with overweight show more dissatisfaction in the perceptual and affective areas, especially women. However, cognitive-behavioral component is the only one where differences between countries were found, showing overweight Spanish women more dissatisfaction. These results verify a higher presence of body dissatisfaction in women with overweight (t = 4.14, p < 0.001, d = 0.72, IC = 0.22-1.12), related to the greater pressure on appearance in the female population.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el estudio de la insatisfacción corporal se ha centrado sobre todo en sus componentes perceptual y cognitivo-conductual, habiendo sido menos analizado el componente afectivo, tanto en España como en Chile. Hasta el momento, se ha observado mayor presencia de insatisfacción corporal en la población femenina y con sobrepeso. Esto se ha relacionado en gran parte con la mujer delgada y definida como ideal de belleza. Objetivo: comparar los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal (perceptual, cognitivo-conductual y afectivo) en la edad adulta en una muestra comunitaria de ambos sexos de España y de Chile. Método: se utilizó una muestra de 390 participantes, la cual se dividió en dos muestras según el país (n = 179 chilenos; n = 211 españoles). A su vez, los grupos por países se dividieron en dos grupos en función del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y también en función del sexo. Se evaluaron los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal mediante cuestionarios específicos para cada uno de ellos. Resultados y conclusión: tanto en España como en Chile, las personas con sobrepeso muestran mayor insatisfacción en las áreas perceptual y afectiva, especialmente las mujeres. Sin embargo, el componente cognitivo-conductual es el único en el que se hallaron diferencias entre países, mostrándose las mujeres con sobrepeso españolas más insatisfechas (t = 4,14, p < 0,001, d = 0,72, IC = 0,22-1,12). Estos resultados constatan la mayor presencia de insatisfacción corporal en mujeres con sobrepeso, asociada a la mayor presión sobre la apariencia en la población femenina.

[DAILY AND ABNORMAL EATING BEHAVIORS IN A COMMUNITY SAMPLE OF CHILEAN ADULTS]. / COMPORTAMIENTOS ALIMENTARIOS COTIDIANOS Y ANÓMALOS EN UNA MUESTRA COMUNITARIA DE ADULTOS CHILENOS.

AIMS: this research aimed to characterize the daily eating behavior in a sample of Chilean adults according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender and to analyze the possible links between these variables and abnormal eating behaviors. METHODS: 657 participants (437 women and 220 men, age range 18-64 years) were evaluated with a battery of self-administered questionnaires. Mean BMI was 25.50 kg/m2 (women 24.96 kg/m2, men 26.58 kg/m2), being significantly higher the mean of BMI in the men group, being the BMI mean of the total sample and that of the male group in the overweight range. RESULTS: participants with overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2), in contrast with normal-weight group, tended to do more frequently the following behaviors: skip meals, follow a diet, eat less homemade food, eat faster and in greater quantities, in addition to do a greater number of abnormal eating behaviors of various kinds and to rate significantly higher in clinical scales that evaluated eating restraint and overeating. Men showed significantly more eating behaviors linked with overeating, and women performed more behaviors related with eating restraint and emotional eating. DISCUSSION: the results suggest that, besides "what" people eat, "how" people eat, in terms of specific behaviors, may contribute to the rapid increase of overweight in Chilean population.

Objetivos: los objetivos del estudio fueron caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario cotidiano de una muestra de población adulta chilena, en función del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el género de los participantes, así como analizar la posible relación de estas variables con comportamientos alimentarios anómalos. Métodos: 657 participantes (437 mujeres y 220 hombres de 18 a 64 años) fueron evaluados con una batería de cuestionarios autoadministrados. El IMC promedio fue 25,50 kg/m2 (24,96 kg/m2 mujeres y 26,58 kg/m2 hombres), siendo el IMC promedio de los hombres significativamente mayor y ubicándose el promedio total y el del grupo de hombres en el rango de sobrepeso. Resultados: los participantes con sobrepeso (IMC ≥ 25 kg/m2), en comparación con el grupo de normopeso, tendían a realizar con mayor frecuencia las siguientes conductas: saltarse comidas, seguir dietas, comer menos comida casera, comer rápido y grandes cantidades; además de realizar más conductas alimentarias anómalas de distintos tipos y puntuar más en las escalas clínicas que evaluaban restricción alimentaria y sobreingesta. Los hombres mostraban significativamente más conductas alimentarias vinculadas a la sobreingesta, mientras que las mujeres realizaban más conductas relacionadas con la restricción alimentaria y la ingesta emocional. Discusión: los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, además de "qué" se come, el "cómo" se come, en términos de conductas específicas, puede estar incidiendo en el incremento acelerado del exceso de peso de la población chilena.

Estilos de ingesta de estudiantes universitarios chilenos: ¿qué hay de nuevo? / Eating styles of Chilean university students: what's new?

INTRODUCCIÓN: en la población estudiantil, el paso desde el sistema escolar al sistema universitario supone muchas veces una crisis vital normativa; uno de los desafíos centrales de esta etapa consiste en mutar desde un sistema normativo externo en permanente funcionamiento hacia la autorregulación individual del comportamiento. Uno de los ámbitos que se ven más afectados con este cambio son los hábitos de autocuidado, entre los que destacan los cambios asociados al comportamiento alimentario de los estudiantes; su mayor repercusión suele ser una ganancia de peso corporal acelerada, especialmente en los primeros años de estudio. OBJETIVO: caracterizar la presencia de los estilos de ingesta -la restricción alimentaria, el comer emocional y el comer externo- en una muestra de población universitaria chilena. MÉTODOS: estudio exploratorio de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal. La muestra se compuso de 1230 estudiantes universitarios (59,1 % mujeres, 41,9 % hombres) con un promedio de edad de 21 años (DE ± 3,32). Se aplicó la versión adaptada a la población chilena del cuestionario Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire. RESULTADOS: los puntajes promedio de la población total para restricción alimentaria, comer emocional y comer externo fueron de 2,56, 2,48 y 3,13, respectivamente. Se observaron diferencias de género en los tres estilos de ingesta. CONCLUSIÓN: el comer externo aparece como estilo de ingesta dominante sobre los otros dos. Lo anterior sería fundamental para comprender los factores que inciden en la conducta alimentaria de los estudiantes universitarios chilenos y así poder desarrollar intervenciones efectivas para consolidar hábitos alimentarios apropiados para la vida adulta

INTRODUCTION: in the student population, the transition from the school system to the university system often involves a normative life crisis; one of the central challenges of this stage is the shift from an external normative system in permanent operation to individual self-regulation of behavior. One of the areas most affected by this change are self-care habits, including the changes associated with the eating behavior of students, which tend to have a greater impact on accelerated body weight gain, especially during the first years. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the presence of eating styles-restrictive eating, emotional eating, and external eating-in a sample of Chilean university population. METHODS: this was an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 1230 university students (59.1 % women, 41.9 % men) with a mean age of 21 years (SD ± 3.32). The version adapted to the Chilean population of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire was applied. RESULTS: the average scores of the total population for restrictive eating, emotional eating, and external eating were 2.56, 2.48, and 3.13, respectively. Gender differences were observed for all three styles. CONCLUSION: External eating appears as the dominant intake style. This is key to understand the factors affecting the eating behavior of Chilean university students, and then develop effective interventions to consolidate eating habits appropriate for adult life

Estudio transcultural de los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal en muestras comunitarias de España y Chile / Cross-cultural study of the different components of body dissatisfaction in community samples from Spain and Chile

Introducción: el estudio de la insatisfacción corporal se ha centrado sobre todo en sus componentes perceptual y cognitivo-conductual, habiendo sido menos analizado el componente afectivo, tanto en España como en Chile. Hasta el momento, se ha observado mayor presencia de insatisfacción corporal en la población femenina y con sobrepeso. Esto se ha relacionado en gran parte con la mujer delgada y definida como ideal de belleza. Objetivo: comparar los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal (perceptual, cognitivo-conductual y afectivo) en la edad adulta en una muestra comunitaria de ambos sexos de España y de Chile. Método: se utilizó una muestra de 390 participantes, la cual se dividió en dos muestras según el país (n = 179 chilenos; n = 211 españoles). A su vez, los grupos por países se dividieron en dos grupos en función del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y también en función del sexo. Se evaluaron los diferentes componentes de la insatisfacción corporal mediante cuestionarios específicos para cada uno de ellos. Resultados y conclusión: tanto en España como en Chile, las personas con sobrepeso muestran mayor insatisfacción en las áreas perceptual y afectiva, especialmente las mujeres. Sin embargo, el componente cognitivo-conductual es el único en el que se hallaron diferencias entre países, mostrándose las mujeres con sobrepeso españolas más insatisfechas (t = 4,14, p < 0,001, d = 0,72, IC = 0,22-1,12). Estos resultados constatan la mayor presencia de insatisfacción corporal en mujeres con sobrepeso, asociada a la mayor presión sobre la apariencia en la población femenina

Background: the study of body dissatisfaction has been focused on their perceptual and cognitive-behavioral components, being the affective component the least analyzed, both in Spain and Chile. Until now, it has been observed more presence of body dissatisfaction in overweight women. This fact has been related with the thinness beauty ideal established by society. Objective: to compare the different components of body dissatisfaction (perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and affective) in adults in a community sample of both sexes of Spain and Chile. Method: the sample consisted of 390 participants and has been divided in two samples by country (n = 179 Chileans; n = 211 Spanish). At the same time, these groups were divided in two groups by body mass index (BMI) and also by sex. The different components of body dissatisfaction were evaluated using specific questionnaires for each of them. Results and conclusion: both in Spain and in Chile, people with overweight show more dissatisfaction in the perceptual and affective areas, especially women. However, cognitive-behavioral component is the only one where differences between countries were found, showing overweight Spanish women more dissatisfaction. These results verify a higher presence of body dissatisfaction in women with overweight (t = 4.14, p < 0.001, d = 0.72, IC = 0.22-1.12), related to the greater pressure on appearance in the female population

Comparación de mujeres jóvenes con obesidad y normopeso: vivencia corporal, hábitos saludables y regulación emocional / Comparison of young women with and without obesity: body experience, healthy habits and emotional regulation

RESUMEN La obesidad es un problema de salud pública, siendo especialmente importante entre mujeres jóvenes. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar la vivencia corporal, los hábitos saludables y regulación emocional entre mujeres jóvenes chilenas con obesidad y normopeso. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cualitativo, de alcance exploratorio y diseño descriptivo-analítico. Para describir la muestra se usó el Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) que mide imagen corporal, el Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) para evaluar ingesta emocional, y el Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), que mide sintomatología psicológica. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, que fueron analizadas utilizando codificación abierta de la Grounded Theory. Los resultados indican que ambos grupos presentan insatisfacción con la forma y peso de sus cuerpos, predominando en las participantes con obesidad al percibir limitaciones corporales. Las mujeres con obesidad describieron que regularon emociones negativas a través de la alimentación. Las participantes normopeso se caracterizaron por hábitos saludables, como actividad física y alimentación balanceada y en ambos grupos valorizan el cuidado del cuerpo y la estética personal, aunque sólo participantes normopeso presentaron conductas de cuidado efectivas.

ABSTRACT Obesity is a public health problem and is especially important among young women. The objective of this study was to compare the body experience, food habits and emotional regulation among young women with and without obesity. The study had a qualitative approach, was exploratory in scope and had a descriptive-analytical design. To describe the sample, the Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ) was used to measure body image, the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) to assess emotional intake, and the Derogatis Symptom Checklist (SCL-90), which measures psychological symptoms. In-depth interviews were conducted, which were analyzed using Grounded Theory's open theory. The results indicated that both groups showed dissatisfaction with the shape and weight of their bodies, with women with obesity reporting perceived body limitations. Women with obesity reported regulating negative emotions through food. Non-obese participants reported healthy habits, such as physical activity and a balanced diet, and in both groups, body care and personal aesthetics were valued, although only non-obese participants reported effective care behaviors.

Eating behaviors are risk factors for the development of overweight.

This research aimed to characterize eating behavior in a sample of Chilean adults according to their gender and body mass index and to analyze the possible links between these variables and abnormal eating behaviors. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in the eating behavior of normal-weight and overweight people, and also between men and women. Further, we hypothesized that overweight participants would show more abnormal eating behaviors than their normal-weight counterparts. Two hundred ninety-two participants (205 women and 87 men, age range 18-64 years) were evaluated with a battery of self-administered questionnaires. Mean body mass index was 26.58 kg/m² (women 26.22 kg/m², men 27.41 kg/m²), that is, within the overweight range. Participants with overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) tended to eat faster and in greater quantities, selected more hyper-calorie foods, and engaged in a greater number of abnormal eating behaviors of various kinds. The results suggest that, in addition to what people eat, the question of how people eat may also contribute to the rapid increase in the levels of overweight and obesity in the Chilean population.

Insatisfacción corporal y comportamientos alimentarios anómalos en una muestra comunitaria de adultos chilenos / Body dissatisfaction and abnormal eating behaviors in a community sample of Chilean adults

Resumen En Latinoamérica se han realizado estudios dirigidos a evaluar la insatisfacción corporal y los comportamientos alimentarios anómalos (CAA), sin embargo se han enfocado principalmente en adolescentes o estudiantes universitarios. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el porcentaje de insatisfacción con el peso corporal (INCP) en una muestra de hombres y mujeres adultos chilenos, analizando la relación de este factor con distintas variables sociodemográficas, psicológicas y conductuales, entre las que figuraron los CAA. Participaron 654 adultos de 18-64 años de edad (436 mujeres, 218 hombres ; con rango de edad de 18-64 años, índice de masa corporal promedio de 25.49 kg/m2), quienes fueron evaluados con base a una batería de cuestionarios de autoreporte. La INCP estuvo presente en 45.9% de la muestra, resultando significativamente mayor en las mujeres que en los varones. Fueron identificadas diferencias significativas en las escalas que evaluaron CAA, en función del índice de masa corporal y el sexo de los participantes, registrando puntuaciones significativamente mayores las mujeres y los participantes con obesidad. Al comparar entre participantes con vs. sin INCP, los primeros mostraron más CAA y menor actividad física. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que la INCP puede interactuar e influir sobre los hábitos alimentarios y la práctica de ejercicio físico.

Abstract The aims of this research were to estimate the percentage of body weight dissatisfaction in males and females Chilean adults, assessing its relationship with different sociodemographic, behavioral and psychological variables, and analyzing whether the presence of body weight dissatisfaction acts as a risk factor for some disordered eating behaviors. The 654 participants (436 women, 218 men; age range 18-64 years, mean body mass index [BMI] 25.49 kg/m2) were evaluated with a battery of self-administered questionnaires. The percentage of body weight dissatisfaction in the whole sample was 45.9% and significantly higher in women than men. Significant differences were observed in the clinical scales that evaluated disordered eating in function of the BMI of the participants; in those scales females also showed higher scores than males. Comparing participants with and without body weight dissatisfaction, the first one showed more unhealthy eating behaviors. The results of this study show how body weight dissatisfaction can interact and influence healthy habits, such as a daily eating behaviors and physical exercise.

Eating behaviors in a male and female community sample: psychometric properties of the DEBQ / Comportamientos alimentarios en una muestra comunitaria de hombres y mujeres: propiedades psicométricas del DEBQ

The aim of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) in a community sample of chilean adults. The sample comprised 627 participants who completed a battery of questionnaires. The mean age of the sample was 36.07 years (SD =12.49), and 66.2% of them were women. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 25.61 kg/m2 (SD =4.20). Item analysis suggested that one item yielded very low corrected item-total correlation. The internal structure analysis revealed that the three-factor model showed a good fit. Internal structure was adequate. A gender effect was found in DEBQ scores, and there was a positive significant association between BMI and DEBQ scores. The correlation analysis supported the adequate convergent validity of the scale. The present study provides evidence to support the adequate reliability and validity of the DEBQ when applied in a chilean population.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) en una muestra comunitaria de adultos chilenos. La muestra se compuso por 627 participantes que completaron una batería de cuestionarios. La media de edad fue de 36.07 años (DT=12.49), y el 66.2% fueron mujeres. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue 25.61 kg/m2 (DT=4.20). Uno de los ítems presentó una inadecuada correlación ítem-total corregida. El análisis de la estructura interna mostró un buen ajuste al modelo de tres factores. La consistencia interna fue adecuada. Se detectó un efecto de género en las puntuaciones del DEBQ y hubo una asociación positiva significativa entre el IMC y las puntuaciones del DEBQ. El análisis de correlaciones puso de manifiesto la adecuada validez convergente de la escala. El presente estudio proporciona evidencia para apoyar la adecuada fiabilidad y validez del DEBQ cuando se aplica a población chilena.

Ley de etiquetado de alimentos: opiniones de una muestra de chilenos / FOOD LABELING LAW: OPINIONS OF A CHILEAN SAMPLE

Frente a la expansión de la obesidad en Chile, se promulgó la ley de etiquetado de alimentos, que consiste en agregar en la cara frontal del producto etiquetas negras que señalen si excede en uno o más aspectos las indicaciones nutricionales recomendadas (sodio, azúcares, grasa saturada y calorías). El objetivo de este estudio es identificar las opiniones de personas acerca de la ley. Es un estudio mixto, con 296 participantes de ambos sexos, de distintas regiones de Chile, y de 15 o más años, que contestaron un cuestionario online. Un 53% sugería como mejora que se entregara más información acerca de las implicaciones concretas, un 43,9% señaló que la ley no impactaría sus conductas alimentarias y un 45,6% que sí las cambiaría. Existe consenso de que aún falta más información; los participantes, en su mayoría, estaban interesados en tener más conocimiento sobre lo que significa la alimentación saludable

Faced with the expansion of obesity in Chile, the food labeling law was enacted. Which consists in adding on the front of the product black labels that indicate if it exceeds in one or more aspects the recommended nutritional indications (sodium, sugars, saturated fat and calories). The aim of this study is to identify the opinions of people about this law. This study is upon a population of 296 participants of both genders and 15 years old and above, from different regions of Chile, who answered an online questionnaire. A further 53% suggested that more information be given about the specific implications, 43.9% said that the law would not switch their dietary behaviors and 45.6% would change them. The majority of participants think that they need more information and they would like to know the real meaning of healthy eating.

Comportamientos alimentarios cotidianos y anómalos en una muestra comunitaria de adultos chilenos / Daily and abnormal eating behaviors in a community sample of Chilean adults

Objetivos: los objetivos del estudio fueron caracterizar el comportamiento alimentario cotidiano de una muestra de población adulta chilena, en función del Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el género de los participantes, así como analizar la posible relación de estas variables con comportamientos alimentarios anómalos. Métodos: 657 participantes (437 mujeres y 220 hombres de 18 a 64 años) fueron evaluados con una batería de cuestionarios autoadministrados. El IMC promedio fue 25,50 kg/m2 (24,96 kg/m2 mujeres y 26,58 kg/m2 hombres), siendo el IMC promedio de los hombres significativamente mayor y ubicándose el promedio total y el del grupo de hombres en el rango de sobrepeso. Resultados: los participantes con sobrepeso (IMC≥25 kg/m2), en comparación con el grupo de normopeso, tendían a realizar con mayor frecuencia las siguientes conductas: saltarse comidas, seguir dietas, comer menos comida casera, comer rápido y grandes cantidades; además de realizar más conductas alimentarias anómalas de distintos tipos y puntuar más en las escalas clínicas que evaluaban restricción alimentaria y sobreingesta. Los hombres mostraban significativamente más conductas alimentarias vinculadas a la sobreingesta, mientras que las mujeres realizaban más conductas relacionadas con la restricción alimentaria y la ingesta emocional. Discusión: los resultados obtenidos sugieren que, además de “qué” se come, el “cómo” se come, en términos de conductas específicas, puede estar incidiendo en el incremento acelerado del exceso de peso de la población chilena (AU)

Aims: this research aimed to characterize the daily eating behavior in a sample of Chilean adults according to their Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender and to analyze the possible links between these variables and abnormal eating behaviors. Methods: 657 participants (437 women and 220 men, age range 18-64 years) were evaluated with a battery of self-administered questionnaires. Mean BMI was 25.50 kg/m2 (women 24.96 kg/m2 , men 26.58 kg/m2 ), being significantly higher the mean of BMI in the men group, being the BMI mean of the total sample and that of the male group in the overweight range. Results: participants with overweight (BMI≥25 kg/m2), in contrast with normal-weight group, tended to do more frequently the following behaviors: skip meals, follow a diet, eat less homemade food, eat faster and in greater quantities, in addition to do a greater number of abnormal eating behaviors of various kinds and to rate significantly higher in clinical scales that evaluated eating restraint and overeating. Men showed significantly more eating behaviors linked with overeating, and women performed more behaviors related with eating restraint and emotional eating. Discussion: the results suggest that, besides “what” people eat, “how” people eat, in terms of specific behaviors, may contribute to the rapid increase of overweight in Chilean population (AU)