RESUMEN
The homozygous jaundiced (jj) Gunn rat exhibits hepatic microsomal enzyme activities which vary from markedly decreased to normal when compared with the non-jaundiced (JJ) Gunn rat. In order to determine if an alteration in microsomal lipid might be related to these observations, cholesterol, phospholipid, fatty acid and fluorescence polarization determinations were carried out in Gunn rats of both genotypes. Significant differences in microsomal palmitic, stearic and arachidonic acid composition were present, but these were not striking. Fluorescence polarization data best fit a two-phase linear model for both genotypes with no significant differences in breakpoint temperatures. In jj rats, the anisotrophy parameter ((r0/r)-1)-1 was significantly greater than that seen in JJ rats at both 25 and 37 degrees C, indicating a decreased membrane fluidity in the jaundiced animals. Alterations in enzyme microenvironment due to subtle changes in lipid composition may be related to the different enzyme activities observed in Gunn rats.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Glucuronosiltransferasa , Microsomas Hepáticos/análisis , Animales , Hexosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Homocigoto , Ictericia/genética , Masculino , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Proteínas/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Gunn , Espectrometría de FluorescenciaRESUMEN
Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid composition of total lipids extracted from plasma and erythrocytes of five patients who had received an hepatic portoenterostomy for treatment of extrahepatic biliary atresia. Three patients, including one with successful surgery, demonstrated evidence of essential fatty acid deficiency, including decreased levels of linoleic and arachidonic acids with concomitant increases in palmitoleic and oleic acids. In two of these patients, the ratio of 5,8 11-eicosatrienoic acid to arachidonic acid ("triene/tetraene") exceeded 0.3, diagnostic of essential fatty acid deficiency. Even patients with successful hepatic portoenterostomy are at risk to develop essential fatty acid deficiency.
Asunto(s)
Conductos Biliares/anomalías , Ácidos Grasos Esenciales/deficiencia , Intestinos/cirugía , Hígado/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Complicaciones PosoperatoriasRESUMEN
Microsomal glutathione S-transferase (mGST) was purified to homogeneity from male Sprague-Dawley rat liver, as determined by SDS-PAGE. Removal of Triton X-100 and further separation by reversed phase HPLC revealed two proteins, mGST 1 and mGST 2, in a 1:3 ratio. Analysis of mGST 1 and mGST 2 by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry determined their molecular weights to be 17,354.2 +/- 6.6 and 17,397.9 +/- 6.6, respectively. mGST 1 was in close agreement with the calculated molecular weight of 17,348, as predicted by the previously reported cDNA sequence. Cyanogen bromide digestion and peptide mapping by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) localized the mass increase to the N-terminal peptide, 1-7. FAB-tandem mass spectrometry of this peptide in conjunction with Edman reactions on the intact protein demonstrated the N-terminal alanine to be acetylated.
Asunto(s)
Glutatión Transferasa/análisis , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Animales , Bromuro de Cianógeno , Glutatión Transferasa/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Espectrometría de Masas , Mapeo Peptídico , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Rat hepatic microsomes catalyzed the formation of two distinct glutathione conjugates of bilirubin dimethylester (DMB). The two conjugates were identical to those isolated from the bile of Gunn rats infused with DMB. The microsomal reaction was dependent on NADPH, oxygen and glutathione and was inhibited by nitrogen and the cytochrome P450 inhibitors metyrapone, 1-benzyl-imidazole, and alpha-naphthoflavone. Conjugate formation was inducible with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) but not phenobarbital pretreatment. The rate of formation of conjugates was not affected by washings of the microsomal pellet or by the presence of superoxide dismutase and/or catalase. Cation fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) of the conjugates indicated a molecular ion of 937 atomic mass units (amu). Fragmentation revealed a loss of 307 amu, consistent with glutathione, and a residual mass of 629 amu suggesting a hydroxylated derivative of DMB (612 amu). Cation FAB/MS/MS of conjugates formed in vitro under an atmosphere of oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 demonstrated the incorporation of molecular oxygen by a difference of 2 amu in the respective molecular ions. Our results suggest that DMB is oxidized by the cytochrome P450 IA gene family to an epoxide intermediate which is then subsequently conjugated with glutathione.
Asunto(s)
Bilirrubina/análogos & derivados , Glutatión/metabolismo , Microsomas Hepáticos/metabolismo , Animales , Bilirrubina/química , Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Catalasa/farmacología , Citosol , Femenino , Glutatión/química , Espectrometría de Masas , Dibenzodioxinas Policloradas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Gunn , Ratas Endogámicas , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacología , gamma-Glutamiltransferasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Although hemin is known to exert toxic effects on a variety of cell types, its possible participation in the genesis of cerebral vasospasm has received little attention. The authors measured the concentration of hemin in experimental subarachnoid clot and studied its effects on the morphology and 45Ca++ uptake of vascular smooth-muscle cells dissociated from canine carotid artery. Craniectomies were performed in five dogs under general anesthesia, and 3 to 5 ml of autologous whole blood was deposited in the supraclinoid subarachnoid compartment. The concentration of hemin recovered by Folch extraction from clotted material removed 7 days after surgery was 390 +/- 247 microM (mean +/- standard error of the mean). Mean vascular smooth-muscle cell length after 40 minutes of exposure to 50 microM hemin was 37.3 +/- 1.2 microns (control 51.6 +/- 1.6 microns) (p < 0.01). The mean percent permeation of 45Ca++, measured by a dual label technique, of cells exposed to hemin was 200.9% +/- 23% (control 102.9% +/- 4.3%) (p < 0.01). These findings indicate that hemin accrues in subarachnoid hematoma, that it exerts a constrictive effect on vascular smooth-muscle cells, and that this effect is associated with an increased uptake of Ca++. This study demonstrates that hemin should be included in the list of potential agents that participate in the development of cerebral vasospasm.
Asunto(s)
Calcio/metabolismo , Hematoma/metabolismo , Hemina/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/metabolismo , Animales , Perros , Hematoma/patología , Hemina/fisiología , Técnicas In Vitro , Músculo Liso Vascular/ultraestructura , Hemorragia Subaracnoidea/patologíaAsunto(s)
Bilirrubina/análogos & derivados , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Glucuronosiltransferasa/metabolismo , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Animales , Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía DEAE-Celulosa , Glucuronosiltransferasa/aislamiento & purificación , Nitrofenoles/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasAsunto(s)
Bilirrubina/metabolismo , Bilirrubina/toxicidad , Adolescente , Animales , Bilirrubina/análisis , Bilirrubina/sangre , Bilirrubina/orina , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ictericia/metabolismo , Riñón/fisiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/análisis , Modelos Biológicos , Unión Proteica , Albúmina Sérica/análisisAsunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Central/etiología , Hiperbilirrubinemia Hereditaria/complicaciones , Adolescente , Bilirrubina/sangre , Resina de Colestiramina/uso terapéutico , Consanguinidad , Electroencefalografía , Humanos , Hiperbilirrubinemia Hereditaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Pruebas de Inteligencia , Masculino , Diálisis Peritoneal , Trometamina/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Hepatomegalia/etiología , Enfermedades de Niemann-Pick/genética , Esplenomegalia/etiología , Amniocentesis , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/genética , Femenino , Enfermedades Fetales/complicaciones , Enfermedades Fetales/genética , Humanos , Hipertelorismo , Lactante , Hígado/ultraestructura , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Enfermedades de Niemann-Pick/complicaciones , Osteoporosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo , RadiografíaAsunto(s)
Bilirrubina/toxicidad , Unión Proteica , Adsorción , Unión Competitiva , Resina de Colestiramina/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Gentamicinas/sangre , Humanos , Lactante , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Salicilatos/sangre , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Espectrofotometría UltravioletaAsunto(s)
Hipocalcemia/etiología , Ictericia Neonatal/terapia , Fototerapia/efectos adversos , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas GunnRESUMEN
A microsomal activator of the UDP-glucuronyltransferase for bilirubin has been isolated from lubrol solubilized and salt fractionated liver microsomes. The activator has been partially purified by anion exchange and molecular sieving chromatography and found to have a molecular weight of about 60 kDa. The activator is present in liver from normal and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase deficient Gunn rats. When tested with purified UDP-glucuronyltransferase for bilirubin it accelerated the conjugation rate 10 fold but with the purified UDP-paranitrophenol transferase the rate of conjugation was increased only 1.5 times.
Asunto(s)
Glucuronosiltransferasa , Hexosiltransferasas/metabolismo , Ictericia/enzimología , Microsomas Hepáticos/enzimología , Proteínas/fisiología , Animales , Activación Enzimática , Hexosiltransferasas/aislamiento & purificación , Cinética , Proteínas/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Gunn , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Monochromatic light was provided by a continuous wave Argon ion laser. We chose to study the in vitro effects of light at 457.9, 465.8, 476.5, 488.0, 501.7, and 514.5 nm as representative of a reasonably evenly spaced sampling across the blue-green spectrum. The in vivo experiments were conducted at 457.9, 476.5, 488.0, and 514.5 nm. In vitro light at 488.0 nm appeared to be more effective than the others studied. After 24 h of irradiance, the in vivo decline in serum bilirubin concentration produced by light at 488.0 nm was one-and-one-half, two, and four times as effective as light at 457.9, 476.5 and 514.5 nm, respectively. By 48 h of exposure, the declines produced by light at 457.9 nm and 488.0 nm are significantly superior to that at 476.5 nm and 514.5 nm, but they do not differ from one another.
Asunto(s)
Bilirrubina/sangre , Ictericia Neonatal/terapia , Terapia por Láser , Luz , Animales , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Recién Nacido , Ictericia Neonatal/sangre , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Gunn , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Littermate homozygous (jj) and heterozygous (Jj) Gunn rats, were irradiated with blue fluorescent light for 18 hours continuously. The incident irradiance was 1.5 mWatts/cm2 in the 420--480 nm band pass. The influence of the irradiance on circulating erthrocytes was studied by testing their osmotic fragility before and after the irradiance. The non-jaundiced, Jj, animals did not exhibit any increase in the osmotic fragility of their erythrocytes. The osmotic fragility of the erythrocytes from jaundiced, jj, animals was the same as the Jj animals prior irradiance. However, the fragility of the erythrocytes from the jj animals was significantly increased after the 18 hours of irradiance. The results indicated that the photodynamic action of bilirubin may be present in vivo.