RESUMEN
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a painful thyroiditis that often requires steroid therapy. Here, we report the first case of severe SAT in a patient who received the first dose of mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. A 34-year-old man without a viral prodrome felt a lump when swallowing 5 days after his first dose of mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination. Ten days after vaccination, the patient visited the hospital and was advised to rest and take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. He revisited the hospital 10 days later as symptoms aggravated with anterior neck pain, headache, fatigue, muscle weakness, and weight loss. Thyroid hormone levels and inflammatory markers were consistent with thyrotoxicosis. A thyroid ultrasound scan revealed typical SAT findings. His symptoms rapidly improved after receiving prednisone. A week later, the patient successfully completed his second dose of the vaccine. The thyroid function test results were nearly normal 1 month after the completion of the vaccination. We report this case to raise awareness of the occurrence of SAT after COVID-19 vaccination. As the risk of COVID-19 outweighs the minor risks of the vaccine, managing the side effects of the first vaccine dose is crucial to complete COVID-19 vaccination.
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Vacuna nCoV-2019 mRNA-1273/efectos adversos , Tiroiditis Subaguda/etiología , Vacunación/efectos adversos , Adulto , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Since the implementation of the nationwide coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination campaign, emergency departments (EDs) have had an increasing number of patients reporting postvaccination cardiovascular adverse effects. We investigated the clinical features of patients who visited the ED for cardiovascular adverse reactions after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study in two EDs. Patients with cardiovascular adverse reactions after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination who visited EDs between June 1, 2021, and October 15, 2021, were selected. The clinical data of these patients were collected by reviewing medical records. RESULTS: Among 683 patients, 426 (62.4%) were female. The number of patients in their 20s was the highest (38.9% of males, 28.2% of females) (P < 0.001). More patients visited the ED for adverse reactions following the first vaccine dose than following the second dose (67.6% vs. 32.2%). Chief complaints were chest pain/discomfort (74.4%), dyspnea (14.3%) and palpitation (11.3%). The final diagnosis was a nonspecific cause (63.1%), and 663 (97.1%) patients were discharged from the ED. The admission rate was higher in males than in females (3.9% vs. 1.9%). Myocarditis was diagnosed in four males, who showed mild clinical progression and were discharged within 5 hospital days. CONCLUSION: Most patients who visited the ED with cardiovascular adverse reactions were discharged from the ED, but some were admitted for other medical diseases as well as adverse vaccine reactions. Therefore, further surveillance and a differential diagnosis of cardiovascular adverse events after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination should be considered by emergency physicians.
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COVID-19 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/genética , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunación/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Two angucyclines, pseudonocardones D (1) and E (2), were isolated from Streptomyces sp. KCB15JA151. The planar structure was elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configuration of the sugar unit was determined based on the basis of coupling constants, ROESY, chemical derivatization and HPLC analysis. The biological activities of compounds 1 and 2 were examined by performing a computational target prediction, which led to tests of the antiestrogenic activity. The result suggested that compound 1 might be an ERα antagonist.
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Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Glucurónico/farmacología , Streptomyces/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Receptor alfa de Estrógeno/metabolismo , Ácido Glucurónico/química , Ácido Glucurónico/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study was performed to compare the viral load and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in saliva with those in standard nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs. METHODS: Fifteen patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection from four hospitals were prospectively enrolled and matched samples of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs and saliva were collected at Day 1 of admission and every other day till consequently negative for two times. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was performed to detect the envelope (E) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) genes. RESULTS: The cycle threshold values of saliva were comparable to those of NP/OP swabs overall (P = 0.720, Mann-Whitney U test). However, the overall sensitivity of rRT-PCR using saliva was 64% (34/53), which is lower than the 77% (41/53) using NP/OP swabs. The sensitivity of rRT-PCR using saliva was especially lower in early stage of symptom onset (1-5 days; 8/15; 53%) and in patients who did not have sputum (12/22; 55%). CONCLUSION: Saliva sample itself is not appropriate for initial diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to replace NP/OP swabs, especially for the person who does not produce sputum. COVID-19 cannot be excluded when the test using saliva is negative, and it is necessary to retest using NP/OP swabs.
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Betacoronavirus/genética , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Saliva/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Betacoronavirus/aislamiento & purificación , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nasofaringe/virología , Pandemias , Neumonía Viral/virología , Estudios Prospectivos , ARN Viral/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , República de Corea , SARS-CoV-2 , Carga Viral , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Human natural killer T (NKT) cells are known to serve as regulatory and/or effector cells in infectious diseases. However, little is known about the role of NKT cells in Orientia tsutsugamushi infection. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to examine the level and function of NKT cells in patients with scrub typhus. Methods: This study included 62 scrub typhus patients and 62 healthy controls (HCs). NKT cell level and function in peripheral blood samples were measured by flow cytometry. Results: Proliferation of NKT cells and their ability to produce interferon-γ and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were significantly lower in scrub typhus patients compared to those in HCs. However, circulating NKT cell levels were comparable between patients and HCs. Expression levels of CD69, programmed death-1 (PD-1), lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), and T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) were significantly increased in scrub typhus patients. Elevated expression of CD69, PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3, impaired proliferation, and decreased IL-4 production by NKT cells were recovered in the remission phase. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that circulating NKT cells are numerically preserved but functionally impaired in scrub typhus patients. In addition, NKT cell dysfunction is recovered in the remission phase.
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Células T Asesinas Naturales , Tifus por Ácaros , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Proliferación Celular , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Células T Asesinas Naturales/inmunología , Células T Asesinas Naturales/metabolismo , Orientia tsutsugamushi/inmunología , Tifus por Ácaros/inmunología , Tifus por Ácaros/metabolismo , Tifus por Ácaros/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The incidence of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) has decreased markedly in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The occurrence of two ADCs is rare in people living with HIV or AIDS (PWHA) who are severely immunosuppressed or have incomplete virologic suppression. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of dual primary ADCs, especially NHL followed by KS, in a 70-year-old HIV-infected man who was on antiretroviral therapy and had successful virologic suppression. During HAART, he presented with generalized myalgia and abdominal pain. Multiple liver masses were detected and a biopsy revealed Burkitt's lymphoma. After three cycles of anticancer chemotherapy with a favorable response, he was diagnosed with cytomegalovirus retinitis and the anti-cancer chemotherapy was discontinued. Despite successful virologic suppression with HAART, human herpes virus-8 associated Kaposi's sarcoma was diagnosed in his right thigh. He underwent radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that multiple ADCs can occur in PWHA who are receiving HAART and have successful virologic suppression. Healthcare providers caring for PWHA should maintain vigilance for the development of a broad spectrum of cancers.
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Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Linfoma de Burkitt/diagnóstico , Linfoma de Burkitt/etiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Sarcoma de Kaposi/diagnóstico , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/virología , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Biomarcadores , Biopsia , Linfoma de Burkitt/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/virología , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Sarcoma de Kaposi/tratamiento farmacológico , Minorías Sexuales y de Género , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Often a sick or an anxious person can experience pain or anxiety relief if another person holds his or her hand. In this study, we conducted investigations to determine whether hand-holding during cystoscopy decreases patient anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction while at the same time increasing patient comfort and tolerance during the procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty-six male patients who underwent flexible cystoscopy between November 2015 and March 2017 were randomized as follows: hand-holding (group I, n = 43) or non-hand-holding (group II, n = 43) during the procedure. Before flexible cystoscopy, lidocaine gel was instilled in the urethra. Patients' anxiety levels were quantified using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A visual analog scale (0-10) was used for self-assessment of satisfaction, discomfort, and willingness to undergo repeat cystoscopy. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics, mean age, procedure duration, procedure indications, and preprocedural analyses did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. In group I, the postprocedural mean anxiety level, pain score, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were significantly lower compared with those in group II (p = 0.009, p = 0.003, p = 0.022, and p = 0.014, respectively). In group I, postprocedural mean satisfaction score were higher, and patients were more likely to undergo a repeat cystoscopy, compared with those in group II (p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Hand-holding during cystoscopy significantly reduced patients' feelings of anxiety, pain, discomfort, and dissatisfaction. Hand-holding served as a simple, inexpensive, and effective adjunct to sedation during cystoscopy.
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Ansiedad/prevención & control , Cistoscopía , Mano , Dolor/prevención & control , Satisfacción del Paciente , Relaciones Médico-Enfermero , Tacto , Ansiedad/diagnóstico , Ansiedad/etiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Cistoscopía/efectos adversos , Cistoscopía/psicología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/diagnóstico , Dolor/etiología , Dolor/psicología , Dimensión del Dolor , Proyectos Piloto , República de Corea , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether listening to music during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided 12-core needle prostate biopsy decreases anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction among patients and results in a more comfortable and better tolerated procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 76 male patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy between March 2013 and June 2014 were randomized into the following groups: no music (group I, n = 38) or classical music (group II, n = 38) during the procedure. Before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy, lidocaine gel was instilled into the rectum. Patient anxiety levels were quantified using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. A visual analog scale (0-10) was used for self-assessment of satisfaction, discomfort and willingness among patients to have a repeat TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. RESULTS: Demographic characteristics, mean age, procedure duration and procedure indications did not differ statistically between the two groups. The mean anxiety level and mean pain score of group II were significantly lower than those of group I (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Group II also had a significantly higher mean satisfaction score than group I (p = 0.007). Before the procedure, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were similar in groups I and II; however, after the procedure, levels were lower in group II than in group I (heart rate, p = 0.014; systolic blood pressure, p = 0.011). CONCLUSION: Listening to music during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy significantly reduced patients' feelings of pain, discomfort and dissatisfaction. Music can serve as a simple, inexpensive and effective adjunct to sedation during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. We recommend playing music during TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.
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Ansiedad/prevención & control , Biopsia con Aguja/métodos , Música , Dolor/prevención & control , Próstata/patología , Anciano , Biopsia , Humanos , Lidocaína/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Satisfacción del Paciente , Proyectos Piloto , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagen , Recto , Ultrasonografía , Escala Visual AnalógicaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Pancreatitis is the most common complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The aim of this prospective trial was to compare the effect of ulinastatin and nafamostat on the prophylaxis of post-ERCP complications. METHODS: A total of 159 patients who underwent ERCP were divided into ulinastatin (n = 53), nafamostat (n = 53) and control (n = 53) groups. Each patient received ulinastatin (150,000 units), nafamostat (20 mg), or placebo from 2-4 h before ERCP to 6-8 h after ERCP. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PEP, and the secondary endpoints were the incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia, hyperlipasemia and abdominal pain. RESULTS: The overall incidence of PEP was 6.3% (10/159) and no significant differences were observed between ulinastatin and nafamostat groups in terms of the incidences of PEP (1.9% and 3.8%, P = 0.560), hyperamylasemia, hyperlipasemia, and abdominal pain, although these were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference for preventing PEP between ulinastatin and nafamostat and both drugs were efficacious for preventing post-ERCP complications.
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Colangiopancreatografia Retrógrada Endoscópica/efectos adversos , Glicoproteínas/uso terapéutico , Guanidinas/uso terapéutico , Pancreatitis/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Inhibidores de Proteasas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Benzamidinas , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/complicaciones , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
The Korean Association of Urogenital Tract Infection and Inflammation and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency regularly update, revise, and develop new content for the Korean sexually transmitted infection (STI) guidelines. These professional bodies respond to changing epidemiological trends and evolving scientific evidence, and consider advances in laboratory diagnostics and research. The principal recommendations of the 2023 Korean STI guidelines in terms of viral infection follow: 1) If genital herpes recurs more than 4-6 times annually, suppressive therapy with acyclovir 400 mg orally 2 times/day or famciclovir 250 mg orally 2 times/day or valacyclovir 500 mg orally once a day (for patients with <10 episodes/year) or valacyclovir 1 g orally once daily (for patients with ≥10 episodes/year) is recommended to prevent recurrence; 2) molecular human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is not recommended as a routine test for STI status, nor for determination of HPV vaccination status; and 3) patients should inform their current sexual partners about anogenital warts because the types of HPV that cause such warts can be passed to partners. These guidelines will be updated every 5 years and will be revised when new knowledge on STIs becomes available and there is a reasonable need to improve the guidelines. Physicians and other healthcare providers can use the guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of STIs.
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Herpes Genital , Infecciones por Papillomavirus , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Virosis , Verrugas , Humanos , Herpes Genital/tratamiento farmacológico , Valaciclovir/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/tratamiento farmacológico , República de CoreaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To determine the effect of an ethanol-treated mid-peripheral epithelium on wound healing of the corneal epithelium. METHODS: Epithelial removal was performed on 18 rabbit eyes, which were divided into three groups of six eyes each as follows: group 1, an 8.0-mm diameter treated with balanced salt solution (BSS) and an 8.0-mm removal; group 2, an 8.0-mm diameter treated with 20% ethanol for 30 seconds and an 8.0-mm removal; and group 3, a 9.0-mm diameter treated with ethanol and an 8.0-mm removal (barrier zone setting group). The corneal defect area was analyzed post-operatively. The concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in tears were determined pre-operatively and post-operatively. Healed corneal tissues were examined with light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed to estimate the expression of EGF receptors in healed corneal tissue. RESULTS: The epithelial healing rate in group 3 was faster than that in the two other groups (p < 0.05). The expression of VEGF and EGF in group 3 was higher than that in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Light microscopy revealed clear healing of the corneal epithelium in all groups except for some cases in group 1. Electron microscopy revealed a relatively intact microstructure of the healed corneal tissues, especially in group 2 and 3 when compared with group 1. Meanwhile, in the immunohistochemistry, group 3 showed significantly higher expression of EGFR when compared with the other groups. Furthermore, EGFR expression had a tendency to be stronger in the mid-peripheral corneal area than in the central corneal area. CONCLUSIONS: The preserved mid-peripheral epithelial layer treated with ethanol (barrier zone) promoted corneal epithelial healing. It appeared to be correlated with elevated tear VEGF and EGF levels in the post-operative period.
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Antiinfecciosos Locales/farmacología , Epitelio Corneal/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/farmacología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/análisis , Epitelio Corneal/metabolismo , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Conejos , Lágrimas/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/análisis , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The early identification of severe acute pancreatitis is important for the management and for improving outcomes. The bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) has been considered as an accurate method for risk stratification in patients with acute pancreatitis. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative usefulness of the BISAP. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 303 patients with acute pancreatitis diagnosed at our hospital from March 2007 to December 2010. BISAP, APACHE-II, Ranson criteria, and CT severity index (CTSI) of all patients were calculated. We stratified the number of patiants with severe pancreatitis, pancreatic necrosis, and organ failure as well as the number of deaths by BISAP score. We used the area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) to compare BISAP with other scoring systems, C-reactive protein (CRP), hematocrit, and body mass index (BMI) with regard to prediction of severe acute pancreatitis, necrosis, organ failure, and death. RESULTS: Of the 303 patiants, 31 (10.2%) were classified as having severe acute pancreatitis. Organ failure occurred in 23 (7.6%) patients, pancreatic necrosis in 40 (13.2%), and death in 6 (2.0%). A BISAP score of 2 was a statistically significant cutoff value for the diagnosis of severe acute pancreatitis, organ failure, and mortality. AUCs for BISAP predicting severe pancreatitis and death were 0.80 and 0.86, respectively, which were similar to those for APACHE-II (0.80, 0.87) and Ranson criteria (0.74, 0.74) and greater than AUCs for CTSI (0.67, 0.42). The AUC for organ failure predicted by BISAP, APACHE-II, Ranson criteria, and CTSI was 0.93, 0.95, 0.84 and 0.57, respectively. AUCs for BISAP predicting severity, organ failure, and death were greater than those for CRP (0.69, 0.80, 0.72), hematocrit (0.45, 0.35, 0.14), and BMI (0.41, 0.47, 0.17). CONCLUSION: The BISAP predicts severity, death, and especially organ failure in acute pancreatitis as well as APACHE-II does and better than Ranson criteria, CTSI, CRP, hematocrit, and BMI.
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Puntuaciones en la Disfunción de Órganos , Pancreatitis/diagnóstico , Pancreatitis/metabolismo , Sistemas de Atención de Punto , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Enfermedad Aguda , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Femenino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pancreatitis/mortalidad , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Bones are the most common site of prostate cancer metastasis. Other common sites of metastases include the distant lymph nodes, liver, thorax, brain, and digestive system. However, cutaneous metastases from prostate cancer are extremely rare. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case of a 61-year-old man with scalp nodules without any cancer history. DIAGNOSIS: The patient was diagnosed with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma through an incisional biopsy for his scalp nodules. The patient presented with a serum prostate-specific antigen level of 10.2 ng/mL; imaging examinations revealed extraprostatic extension, lymph node involvement, and multiple bone metastases. INTERVENTION: The patient was treated with androgen deprivation therapy with leuprolide acetate (7.5 mg every month) and abiraterone acetate (1000 mg daily). OUTCOMES: The scalp metastases resolved without adverse effects, and the serum prostate-specific antigen level decreased to 0.02 ng/mL. LESSONS: Cutaneous metastasis, especially scalp metastasis from prostate cancer, is extremely rare. If there is a rash or nodule on the skin, it is necessary to evaluate it carefully and to confirm it through a biopsy.
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Neoplasias de la Próstata , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Masculino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Antagonistas de Andrógenos , Cuero Cabelludo/patología , Biopsia , Neoplasias Cutáneas/secundarioRESUMEN
Background/Aims: The prevalence of GERD and treatment costs are continuously rising in Korea, and the importance of primary health care clinics where the most treatment of actual patients is conducted is increasing. In this study, the diagnosis of GERD, selection of therapeutic drugs, and treatment methods in primary health care clininics were investigated through a large-scale multi-dimensional surveys. Methods: From January 2015 to December 2018, the study data of 18,010 patients with GERD were retrospectively investigated based on eletronic medical record at 542 primary health care clinics in Korea. Results: Among all GERD patients, endoscopy was used for diagnosis in 16.11% of cases, and the most frequently performed in gastroenterology department (28.85%). The average BMI and the proportion of patients in stages 1 to 3 of obesity were highest in the ERD group, and the majority of the severity of ERD group was mild. Symptoms of the patients with GERD were mainly heartburn, gastric acid reflux, and chest pain. Drug treatment was performed in most of the patients with GERD, and PPI was the main drug, and Esomeprazol was prescribed the most among the main ingredients, and the ratio of PPI alone was high. The rate of symptom improvement after GERD treatment was slightly higher in the ERD group (75.91%) and the NERD group (74.36%) than in the GERD diagnosed without endoscopy group (63.89%). Conclusions: In domestic primary health care clinics, the majority were diagnosed with GERD without endoscopy on the basis of symptoms. The most preferred treatment for GERD was PPI, which was prescribed alone in the majority.
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Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/diagnóstico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/tratamiento farmacológico , Reflujo Gastroesofágico/epidemiología , Pirosis , República de Corea , Atención Primaria de Salud , Inhibidores de la Bomba de Protones/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the epidemiological factors of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among South Korean troops including the prevalence, therapeutic methods, and sexual risk behaviors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical records of the STIs diagnosed troops at the Armed Forces Capital Hospital (AFCH) for 36 months (between January 2018 and December 2020) were retrospectively reviewed. The data collection for the study began after obtaining research approvals from the institutional ethics committee of AFCH. The patients were classified into two subgroups, pre-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 groups. The clinical parameters of the patients including STI-related symptoms and underlying diseases were analyzed. The sociosexual conduct of the two study groups was evaluated and compared by using a survey questionnaire. RESULTS: Overall, 138 STI patients with mean age of 21.2 years were included (pre-COVID-19: 106 patients/COVID-19: 32 patients). 32.6% of the patients received college education before the military service. Regarding previous history of STIs, 24 patients (17.4%) had previous experience of STIs, which occurred before participation in the current study. Initial urine analysis results showed that 95 (68.8%) and 79 patients (57.2%) showed pyuria and bacteriuria, respectively. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (29.7%) was the most commonly identified pathogen. Each pathogen was treated with the therapies recommended by the current treatment guidelines, and no patient showed any recurrence of the disease during follow-up. Both pre-COVID-19 (91.5%) and COVID-19 (93.8%) groups showed high rates of binge drinking during off-duty. The pre-COVID-19 group had a greater number of patients (21.7%) having multiple sex partners (during the past 12 months) than the COVID-19 group (15.6%). The COVID-19 group had 18.8% of the troops involved in sexual activity even after the onset of STI-related clinical symptoms, whereas the rate was significantly higher than 2.8% of the pre-COVID-19 group (P = .001). The COVID-19 groups showed a significantly higher number of patients (four patients, 12.5%) experiencing suicidal ideation than the pre-COVID-19 group (two patients, 1.9%) (P = .010). Both groups showed <40% of condom use rates at the last sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: The soldiers with STIs showed high rates of binge alcohol consumption, while the rates of engaging in safe sex by using condoms are markedly low. Although the COVID-19 group was under influence of social distancing and military base lockdown, the soldiers' sociosexual conduct was not significantly different in the pre-COVID-19 group. The importance of education on alcohol misuse and safe sexual relationships should be taken more seriously within the military.
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COVID-19 , Personal Militar , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Prevalencia , Pandemias , Estudios Retrospectivos , COVID-19/epidemiología , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/diagnóstico , Conducta Sexual , Asunción de Riesgos , República de Corea/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Cancer is a well-recognized cause of fever, which is related to cytokines produced by malignant cells. Prostate cancer presenting with fever and other inflammatory markers as a paraneoplastic syndrome rarely occurs. PATIENTS CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES: We describe the case of high fever and lower-urinary tract symptoms that progressed 1 month prior to presentation. A 78-year-old man had been diagnosed with prostate cancer 8 months ago. He received androgen deprivation therapy with leuprolide acetate 22.5 mg for every 3 months. Castration-resistant prostate cancer was diagnosed due to elevated prostate specific antigen (1639 ng/mL) and cancer fever. INTERVENTION: The patient received docetaxel-based systemic chemotherapy 50 mg/mm2 biweekly. Naproxen 500 mg was administered twice a day. OUTCOMES: After one cycle of systemic chemotherapy, the patient had no major side effects, no more fever was observed, and the systemic condition improved. CONCLUSION: Differentiating cancer-related fever from infection-related fever is important for appropriate patient management. In this case, fever appeared as the first symptom of castration-resistant prostate cancer and was managed by naproxen and resolved with systemic chemotherapy.
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Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Anciano , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Docetaxel/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Leuprolida/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Naproxeno/uso terapéutico , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We conducted an in vitro investigation of the activity of rifamycins against planktonic and biofilm states of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from patients with prosthetic joint infections (PJIs), characterised their rpoB gene mutations, and analysed the clinical outcomes of rifampicin-resistant isolates. METHODS: A total of 110 staphylococcal isolates were collected from patients with PJI. Antimicrobials tested using the broth microdilution method included rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine and rifaximin. We evaluated rpoB gene mutations to identify rifampicin resistance mechanisms. Clinical outcomes were assessed in rifampicin-resistant isolates. RESULTS: The 110 staphylococcal isolates included 85 S. aureus (55% methicillin-resistant) and 25 S. epidermidis (100% methicillin-resistant). Seven S. aureus isolates and two S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to rifampicin [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≥2 µg/mL] and these isolates exhibited rpoB gene mutations. Among the 78 rifampicin-susceptible S. aureus isolates and 23 S. epidermidis isolates, 76 S. aureus isolates (97.4%) and all S. epidermidis isolates (100%) were highly susceptible (MIC ≤ 0.06 µg/mL) to other rifamycins. The minimum biofilm bactericidal concentrations for ≥50% of isolates (MBBC50) to rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine and rifaximin were 4, 1, 2 and 4 µg/mL for S. aureus and 1, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 µg/mL for S. epidermidis, respectively, among rifampicin-susceptible isolates. Among nine patients bearing rifampicin-resistant isolates, only three (33%) had successful outcomes. CONCLUSION: Rifamycins other than rifampicin show promising antistaphylococcal activity, including antibiofilm activity. Rifamycin-resistant staphylococci exhibit rpoB gene mutations.
Asunto(s)
Rifamicinas , Staphylococcus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Mutación , Rifabutina/farmacología , Rifampin/farmacología , Rifamicinas/farmacología , Rifaximina , Staphylococcus/genética , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Staphylococcus epidermidis/genéticaRESUMEN
Six ansamycin derivatives were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. KCB17JA11, including four new hygrolansamycins A-D (1-4) and known congeners divergolide O (5) and hygrocin C (6). Compounds 1-5 featured an unusual six-membered O-heterocyclic moiety. The isolation workflow was guided by a Molecular Networking-based dereplication strategy. The structures of 1-4 were elucidated using NMR and HRESIMS experiments, and the absolute configuration was established by the Mosher's method. Compound 2 exhibited mild cytotoxicity against five cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 24.60 ± 3.37 µM to 49.93 ± 4.52 µM.
Asunto(s)
Streptomyces , Streptomyces/química , Macrólidos/química , Estructura Molecular , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Lactamas MacrocíclicasRESUMEN
Two new polyketide glycosides jejuketomycins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from a culture of Streptomyces sp. KCB15JA151. Their chemical structures including the absolute configurations were determined by detailed analyses of the NMR and HRMS data and ECD calculations and spectral data. Compounds 1 and 2 possess an unusual 6/6/8 tricyclic ring system. Biological evaluation with the wound healing assay and time-lapse cell tracking analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 2 have significant inhibitory activities against cancer cell migration with low cytotoxicity.
RESUMEN
The clonal dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) bacteremia is a serious clinical problem worldwide. However, the factors related to the emergence and replacement of predominant CRAB clones in nosocomial settings are unclear. By multilocus sequence typing (MLST), we evaluated the genetic relatedness of CRAB bloodstream isolates at a tertiary care hospital over a 3.5-year period and investigated the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of the predominant sequence types (STs). One hundred and seventy-nine CRAB bloodstream isolates were collected from June 2016 to December 2019, and their MLSTs according to Oxford scheme and clinical data were obtained. The predominant STs were assessed for in vitro growth, competitive growth, and virulence in a mouse model of intraperitoneal infection. Two dominant clones-ST369 (n = 98) and ST191 (n = 48)-belonging to international clone 2 (IC2) were recovered from patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) or wards. ST191 predominated (61%, 27/43) from June 2016 to July 2017, whereas ST369 (72%, 98/136), which was first isolated from a patient admitted to the emergency room, replaced ST191 (15%, 21/136) after August 2017. In a multivariate analysis, leukopenia (OR = 3.62, 95% CI 1.04-12.6, p = 0.04) and ST191 or 369 (OR = 5.32, 95% CI 1.25-22.65, p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for 7-day mortality. Compared with non-ST369, ST369 was associated with a shorter time to bacteremia from ICU admission (7 vs. 11 days, p = 0.01), pneumonia as an origin of bacteremia (67 vs. 52%, p = 0.04), leukopenia (28 vs. 11%, p < 0.01), and a lower 7-day survival rate (41 vs. 70%, p < 0.01). In vitro, ST 369 isolates had significantly higher growth rates and enhanced competitive growth compared to ST191. Finally, ST369 had greater virulence and a higher mortality rate than other STs in a mouse infection model. We report almost-complete replacement of the predominant ST191 clone by ST369 within an 8-month period at our hospital. ST369 had a high incidence density rate of CRAB bacteremia, a short time to bacteremia after ICU admission, and a high early mortality rate, which may be in part explained by its faster competitive growth rate and higher virulence than ST191.