Analysis of non-invasive gait recording under free-living conditions in patients with Parkinson's disease: relationship with global cognitive function and motor abnormalities.

BACKGROUND: We investigated the gait characteristics of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), under free-living conditions, using a wearable device, and assessed their relationships with global cognitive function and motor abnormalities. METHODS: The study subjects comprised patients with PD aged < 80 years, with a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score of ≥20, free of any motor complications. A wearable sensor with a built-in tri-axial accelerometer was waist-mounted on each patient, and continuous, 24-h records were obtained. The mean gait cycle duration and mean gait acceleration amplitude, under free-living conditions, were computed and analyzed to determine their relationship with disease duration, MMSE score, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Part III score, and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) score. RESULTS: The study included 106 consecutive patients with PD. The mean gait cycle duration was 1.18 ± 0.12 s, which was similar to that of the normal controls. However, the mean gait acceleration amplitude of PD patients (1.83 ± 0.36 m/s2) was significantly lower than that of the control (p < 0.001). In PD patients, the mean gait acceleration amplitude correlated with the MMSE (ß = 0.197, p = 0.028), UPDRS Part III (ß = - 0.327, p < 0.001), and PIGD (ß = - 0.235, p = 0.008) scores. CONCLUSIONS: The gait rhythm of PD patients is preserved at levels similar to those of normal subjects. However, the mean gait acceleration amplitude was significantly reduced in patients with PD. The results indicate that gait acceleration amplitude correlates with the severity of motor disorders and global cognitive function.

Randomized phase 2 study of perampanel for sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of perampanel in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS). METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, phase 2 clinical study was conducted at 12 sites. Patients with probable or definite ALS as defined by revised El Escorial criteria were enrolled. Sixty-six patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to receive placebo, 4 mg perampanel, or 8 mg perampanel daily for 48 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were recorded throughout the trial period. The primary efficacy outcome was the change in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score after 48 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: One patient withdrew before starting the treatment. Of 65 patients included, 18 of 22 patients randomized to placebo (82%), 14 of 22 patients randomized to 4 mg perampanel (64%), and 7 of 21 patients randomized to 8 mg perampanel (33%) completed the trial. There was a significant difference in the change of ALSFRS-R scores [- 8.4 (95% CI - 13.9 to - 2.9); p = 0.015] between the placebo and the perampanel 8 mg group, primarily due to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the perampanel 8 mg group. Serious AEs were more frequent in the perampanel 8 mg group than in the placebo group (p = 0.0483). CONCLUSIONS: Perampanel was associated with a significant decline in ALSFRS-R score and was linked to worsening of the bulbar subscore in the 8 mg group.

Cerebral Infarction and Myalgia in a 75-year-old Man with Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare condition of systemic vasculitis of small to medium-sized blood vessels. We herein report the case of a 75-year-old man who presented with hemiplegia on his right side due to cerebral infarction following myalgia and a high fever. He had no history of asthma or allergic rhinitis. He was diagnosed with EGPA based on the presence of eosinophilia, sinusitis suggested by magnetic resonance imaging, and muscle pathology. His hemiplegia improved rapidly after corticosteroid therapy. This case suggests that EGPA should be a differential diagnosis of cerebral infarction with myalgia and eosinophilia.

[A case of meningeal carcinomatosis mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage on MRI].

We report a case of meningeal carcinomatosis that needed to be distinguished from subarachnoid hemorrhage. A 67-year-old female with acute severe headache was admitted to a previous hospital. Since high intensity signal was detected within the parietal cerebral sulci on the right side on brain FLAIR MRI, cerebral angiography was performed due to suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, no vascular abnormality was observed. Then, cerebral spinal fluid was collected, which showed an increase in cell count, suggesting meningitis. She was transferred to our hospital for evaluation of neurological disease. After admission to our hospital, there was an episode of hematemesis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed, and advanced gastric cancer was found. She was diagnosed as having meningeal carcinomatosis due to gastric cancer. Meningeal carcinomatosis should be considered in addition to subarachnoid hemorrhage when a patient with acute headache shows high intensity signal within the cerebral sulci on brain FLAIR MRI.