Clinical and anthropometric evolution of individuals with cystic fibrosis during COVID-19 pandemic: A 24-month cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the evolution of clinical and anthropometric characteristics of children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF) over 24 months, including the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A longitudinal study with data collection from May 2018 to November 2020 in physical and electronic records from a pediatric reference center, including individuals with CF aged up to 18 years. RESULTS: The sample encompassed 72 individuals. Weight (p < 0.01), height (p < 0.01), and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.043) were higher in 2020 than in 2018. There were no significant changes in BMI-Z (p = 0.977) and in percentiles of weight (p = 0.540), height (p = 0.458), and BMI percentile (p = 0.454) between both periods. Pancreatic insufficiency was observed in 91.7% of patients in 2020, and there were twice as many confirmed cases of diabetes compared to 2018. There was a 9.7% increase in individuals colonized by the oxacillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (OSSA) (p = 0.039) and an 11.1% reduction in non-colonized individuals (p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Although there was an increase in weight, height, and BMI from 2018 to 2020, there were no significant changes in BMI-Z and in percentiles of weight, height, and BMI percentile, suggesting that the anthropometric aspects of nutritional status did not change in this period of 2 years. Moreover, there was an increase in the prevalence of individuals colonized by OSSA and a reduction in the prevalence of individuals non-colonized with any bacteria.

Inoculation of yeast and bacterium in wet-processed Coffea canephora.

This study evaluated the inoculation of Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Bacillus licheniformis, separately or in co-culture, in wet-processed conilon coffee. Wet fermentation was conducted for 48 h. Mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi were counted during fermentation. The inoculation of B. licheniformis and M. guilliermondii stimulated the multiplication of lactic acid bacteria. Acetic, citric, lactic, oxalic, malic, succinic, tartaric acids, glucose, and fructose were identified in all treatments at different concentrations. Methyl salicylate, 2-heptanol, 2-nonanol, and heptanone were found during fermentation. Methylpyrazine, 2,6-dimethylpyrazine, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine identified after roasting assigned notes of "almond" and "chocolate" to the beverages. All treatments were classified as "premium," with the B. licheniformis treatment receiving the highest score. Bacillus licheniformis obtained better performance in fermentation, increasing coffee score and producing volatile compounds that provided positive sensory notes to the beverage.

High-Q asymmetrically cladded silicon nitride 1D photonic crystals cavities and hybrid external cavity lasers for sensing in air and liquids.

In this paper we show a novel design of high Q-factor silicon nitride (SiN) 1D photonic crystal (PhC) cavities side-coupled to curved waveguides, operating with both silica and air cladding. The engineering of the etched 1D PhC cavity sidewalls angle allows for high Q-factors over a wide range of upper cladding compositions, and the achievement of the highest calculated Q-factor for non-suspended asymmetric SiN PhC structures. We show the employment of these type of SiN PhC cavities in hybrid external cavity laser (HECL) configuration, with mode-hop free single mode laser operation over a broad range of injected currents (from 25 mA to 65 mA), milliwatts of power output (up to 9 mW) and side-mode suppression ratios in the range of 40 dB. We demonstrate the operation of these devices as compact and energy efficient optical sensors that respond to refractive index changes in the surrounding medium the measurement of sodium chloride (from 0% to 25%) and sucrose (from 0% to 25%) in aqueous solution. In HECL configuration, the RI sensor exhibits a 2 orders of magnitude improvement in detection limit compared to the passive microcavity. We also discuss the possibility for applying these devices as novel transducers for refractive index changes that are induced by analyte specific absorption of infrared radiation by the target analytes present in gas or liquid phase.

Interprofessional relationships of a patient assistance team in critical care.

OBJECTIVES: to identify perceptions of teamwork according to the professionals of an Adult Intensive Care Unit. METHODS: descriptive research with qualitative approach. The methodological framework was thematic content analysis. The theoretical framework of the work process was used to guide the interpretation of the data. Data collection: A semi-structured interview was conducted with 38 professionals in a public teaching hospital in the state of Minas Gerais. Results: three thematic categories emerged from the interviews: Work Organization, which is related to work performed through tasks/routines, with or without coordinated actions; Non-material Work Instruments, which reveal that teamwork is based on communication/collaboration; Insufficient Material Resources, which indicate that lack of material creates conflicts between professionals. CONCLUSIONS: Teamwork requires effective communication and collaboration, integrated work and appropriate professional training. On the other hand, fragmentation and rigidity at work, poor collaboration/communication and lack of material make teamwork difficult. We emphasize the need to revise the curriculum of health courses, with a view to including and/or improving discussions about teamwork in order to train professionals for a more integrated and perhaps even sympathetic health practice.

Interprofessional relationships of a patient assistance team in critical care / Relaciones interprofesionales de un equipo de asistencia al paciente en cuidados críticos / Relações interprofissionais de uma equipe de assistência ao paciente em cuidados críticos

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify perceptions of teamwork according to the professionals of an Adult Intensive Care Unit. Methods: descriptive research with qualitative approach. The methodological framework was thematic content analysis. The theoretical framework of the work process was used to guide the interpretation of the data. Data collection: A semi-structured interview was conducted with 38 professionals in a public teaching hospital in the state of Minas Gerais. Results: three thematic categories emerged from the interviews: Work Organization, which is related to work performed through tasks/routines, with or without coordinated actions; Non-material Work Instruments, which reveal that teamwork is based on communication/collaboration; Insufficient Material Resources, which indicate that lack of material creates conflicts between professionals. Conclusions: Teamwork requires effective communication and collaboration, integrated work and appropriate professional training. On the other hand, fragmentation and rigidity at work, poor collaboration/communication and lack of material make teamwork difficult. We emphasize the need to revise the curriculum of health courses, with a view to including and/or improving discussions about teamwork in order to train professionals for a more integrated and perhaps even sympathetic health practice.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar las percepciones del trabajo en equipo según los profesionales de una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos para Adultos. Métodos: se trata de una investigación descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo. Se utilizó como guía metodológica el análisis de contenido y la modalidad temática y el marco teórico del proceso de trabajo para guiar la interpretación de los datos. La recolección de los datos se llevó a cabo mediante entrevista semiestructurada con 38 profesionales en un hospital-escuela público, ubicado en el interior de Minas Gerais. Resultados: de las entrevistas surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Organización del trabajo, que evidencia la labor realizada con tareas/rutinas, habiendo o no acciones coordinadas; Instrumentos no materiales de trabajo, que demuestran que el trabajo en equipo está fundamentado en la comunicación/colaboración; Recursos materiales insuficientes, que provocan conflictos entre los profesionales. Conclusiones: el trabajo en equipo requiere una comunicación y una colaboración eficaces, una labor integradora y una formación profesional adecuada. Por otro lado, la fragmentación y rigidez del trabajo, la escasa colaboración/comunicación y la falta de materiales dificultan el trabajo en equipo. Es necesario una revisión curricular de los cursos de salud con miras a la inserción y/o mejora de los debates sobre el trabajo en equipo, con el fin de instrumentar a los profesionales de la salud para una práctica sanitaria mejor coordinada y quizás, incluso, solidaria.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar as percepções do trabalho em equipe segundo os profissionais de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Adulto. Métodos: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se como orientação metodológica a análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Recorreu-se ao referencial teórico de processo de trabalho para guiar a interpretação dos dados. Coleta de dados: Realizada entrevista semiestruturada, com 38 profissionais em hospital público de ensino, localizado no interior de Minas Gerais. Resultados: das entrevistas, emergiram três categorias temáticas: Organização do trabalho, que evidencia trabalho realizado por meio de tarefas/rotinas, havendo ou não ações articuladas; Instrumentos não materiais do trabalho, os quais revelam que o trabalho em equipe fundamenta-se na comunicação/colaboração; Recursos materiais insuficientes, que indicam que falta de material gera conflitos entre profissionais. Conclusões: O trabalho em equipe requer comunicação e colaboração efetivas, trabalho integrado e formação profissional adequada. Por outro lado, fragmentação e rigidez no trabalho, pouca colaboração/comunicação e falta de material dificultam a realização do trabalho em equipe. Aposta-se na necessidade de revisão curricular dos cursos da saúde com vistas à inserção e/ou aprimoramento das discussões sobre trabalho em equipe a fim de instrumentalizar os profissionais para um fazer em saúde mais articulado e quem sabe até solidário.

Herd-level prevalence and associated risk factors for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in cattle in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil.

A cross-sectional study based on a planned sampling was carried out to determine herd-level and animal-level prevalences, and to identify risk factors associated with herd-level prevalence for bovine paratuberculosis in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil. The state was divided into three sampling groups: sampling stratum 1 (mesoregion of Sertão), sampling stratum 2 (mesoregion of Borborema), and sampling stratum 3 (mesoregions of Zona da Mata and Agreste). For each sampling stratum, herd-level and animal-level prevalences were estimated by a two-stage sampling survey. In the first stage, a pre-established number of herds (primary sampling units) were randomly selected; in the second stage, a pre-established number of cows aged ≥24 months were randomly selected (secondary sampling units). Ten animals were sampled in herds with up to 99 cows aged over 24 months; 15 animals were sampled in herds with 100 or more cows aged over 24 months; and all animals were sampled in those with up to 10 cows aged over 24 months. In total, 2504 animals were sampled from 480 herds. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) test kits were used for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) antibody detection. A herd was deemed positive for the presence of MAP if it included at least one positive animal in herds of up to 24 females, and two positive animals in herds with more than 24 females. The herd-level prevalence in the State of Paraíba was 34.5% (95% CI=30.2-39.1%), 26.6% (95% CI=20.2-34.2%) in the region of Borborema, 30.5% (95% CI=23.9-38.0%) in Agreste/Mata, and 41.4% (95% CI=34.0-49.1%) in Sertão. The animal-level prevalence was 10.7% (95% CI=7.3-15.4%) in the State of Paraíba, 7.9% (95% CI=5.2-11.7%) in the region of Borborema, 9.4% (95% CI=7.3-12.1%) in Sertão, and 13.9% (95% CI=6.2--28.3%) in Agreste/Mata. The frequency of seropositive animals per herd ranged from 6.7% to 100% (median of 20%). The risk factors identified were as follows: Sertão region (OR=1.9), more than 12 adult animals in the herd (OR=1.9), and not using maternity pens (OR=1.7). Our findings suggest that MAP herd-level seroprevalence in the State of Paraíba, Northeastern Brazil, is high, and support the idea that the use of maternity pens will be important for preventing transmission of MAP in the herds.