Association of severe mental illness and septic shock case fatality rate in patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A national population-based cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Patients with severe mental illness (SMI) (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder) have been reported to have excess mortality rates from infection compared to patients without SMI, but whether SMI is associated with higher or lower case fatality rates (CFRs) among infected patients remains unclear. The primary objective was to compare the 90-day CFR in septic shock patients with and without SMI admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), after adjusting for social disadvantage and physical health comorbidity. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted a nationwide, population-based cohort study of all adult patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU in France between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, using the French national hospital database. We matched (within hospitals) in a ratio of 1:up to 4 patients with and without SMI (matched-controls) for age (5 years range), sex, degree of social deprivation, and year of hospitalization. Cox regression models were conducted with adjustment for smoking, alcohol and other substance addiction, overweight or obesity, Charlson comorbidity index, presence of trauma, surgical intervention, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score, organ failures, source of hospital admission (home, transfer from other hospital ward), and the length of time between hospital admission and ICU admission. The primary outcome was 90-day CFR. Secondary outcomes were 30- and 365-day CFRs, and clinical profiles of patients. A total of 187,587 adult patients with septic shock admitted to the ICU were identified, including 3,812 with schizophrenia, 2,258 with bipolar disorder, and 5,246 with major depressive disorder. Compared to matched controls, the 90-day CFR was significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia (1,052/3,269 = 32.2% versus 5,000/10,894 = 45.5%; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65,0.75, p < 0.001), bipolar disorder (632/1,923 = 32.9% versus 2,854/6,303 = 45.3%; aHR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.63,0.76, p < 0.001), and major depressive disorder (1,834/4,432 = 41.4% versus 6,798/14,452 = 47.1%; aHR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.81,0.90, p < 0.001). Study limitations include inability to capture deaths occurring outside hospital, lack of data on processes of care, and problems associated with missing data and miscoding in medico-administrative databases. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that, after adjusting for social disadvantage and physical health comorbidity, there are improved septic shock outcome in patients with SMI compared to patients without. This finding may be the result of different immunological profiles and exposures to psychotropic medications, which should be further explored.

Mortality among inpatients with bipolar disorders and COVID-19: a propensity score matching analysis in a national French cohort study.

BACKGROUND: It remains unknown whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with bipolar disorders (BDs) are at an increased risk of mortality. We aimed to establish whether health outcomes and care differed between patients infected with COVID-19 with BD and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all patients with identified COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms who were hospitalized in France between February and June 2020. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. We used propensity score matching to control for confounding factors. RESULTS: In total, 50 407 patients were included, of whom 480 were patients with BD. Patients with BD were 2 years older, more frequently women and had more comorbidities than controls without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. Patients with BD had an increased in-hospital mortality rate (26.6% v. 21.9%; p = 0.034) and similar ICU admission rate (27.9% v. 28.4%, p = 0.799), as confirmed by propensity analysis [odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (OR, 95% CI) for mortality: 1.30 (1.16-1.45), p < 0.0001]. Significant interactions between BD and age and between BD and social deprivation were found, highlighting that the most important inequalities in mortality were observed in the youngest [OR, 95% CI 2.28 (1.18-4.41), p = 0.0015] and most deprived patients with BD [OR, 95% CI 1.60 (1.33-1.92), p < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients with BD were at an increased risk of mortality, which was exacerbated in the youngest and most deprived patients with BD. Patients with BD should thus be targeted as a high-risk population for severe forms of COVID-19, requiring enhanced preventive and disease management strategies.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 hospital mortality in patients with schizophrenia: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

It remains unknown to what degree resource prioritization toward SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) coronavirus (COVID-19) cases had disrupted usual acute care for non-COVID-19 patients, especially in the most vulnerable populations such as patients with schizophrenia. The objective was to establish whether the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 hospital mortality and access to hospital care differed between patients with schizophrenia versus without severe mental disorder. We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study of all non-COVID-19 acute hospitalizations in the pre-COVID-19 (March 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019) and COVID-19 (March 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020) periods in France. We divided the population into patients with schizophrenia and age/sex-matched patients without severe mental disorder (1:10). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we performed multivariate patient-level logistic regression models (adjusted odds ratio, aOR) with adjustment for complementary health insurance, smoking, alcohol and substance addiction, Charlson comorbidity score, origin of the patient, category of care, intensive care unit (ICU) care, major diagnosis groups and hospital characteristics. A total of 198,186 patients with schizophrenia were matched with 1,981,860 controls. The 90-day hospital mortality in patients with schizophrenia increased significantly more versus controls (aOR = 1.18; p < 0.001). This increased mortality was found for poisoning and injury (aOR = 1.26; p = 0.033), respiratory diseases (aOR = 1.19; p = 0.008) and for both surgery (aOR = 1.26; p = 0.008) and medical care settings (aOR = 1.16; p = 0.001). Significant changes in the case mix were noted with reduced admission in the ICU and for several somatic diseases including cancer, circulatory and digestive diseases and stroke for patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. These results suggest a greater deterioration in access to, effectiveness and safety of non-COVID-19 acute care in patients with schizophrenia compared to patients without severe mental disorders. These findings question hospitals' resilience pertaining to patient safety and underline the importance of developing specific strategies for vulnerable patients in anticipation of future public health emergencies.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with an increased incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome in a large French region.

INTRODUCTION: Air pollution exposure is suspected to alter both the incidence and mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The impact of chronic air pollutant exposure on the incidence and mortality of ARDS from various aetiologies in Europe remains unknown. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence of ARDS in a large European region, 90-day mortality being the main secondary outcome. METHODS: The study was performed in the Provence-Alpes-Cote-d'Azur (PACA) region. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) and ozone (O3) were measured. The Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information (PMSI), which captures all patient hospital stays in France, was used to identify adults coded as ARDS in an intensive care unit. RESULTS: From 2016 to 2018, 4733 adults with ARDS treated in intensive care units were analysed. The incidence rate ratios for 1-year average exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 were 1.207 ([95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.145-1.390]; P < 0.01) and 1.168 (95% CI, 1.083-1.259; P < 0.001), respectively. The same trend was observed for both 2- and 3-year exposures, while only chronic 1- and 2-year exposure NO2 exposures were related to a higher incidence of ARDS. Increased PM2.5 exposure was associated with a higher 90-day mortality for both 1- and 3-year exposures (OR 1.096 (95% CI, 1.001-1.201) and 1.078 (95% CI, 1.009-1.152), respectively). O3 was not associated with either of incidence nor mortality. CONCLUSIONS: While chronic exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and PM10 was associated with an increased ARDS incidence and a higher mortality rate (for PM2.5) in those patients presenting with ARDS, further research on this topic is required.

Intensive end-of-life care in acute leukemia from a French national hospital database study (2017-2018).

BACKGROUND: A better understanding of how the care of acute leukemia patients is managed in the last days of life would help clinicians and health policy makers improve the quality of end-of-life care. This study aimed: (i) to describe the intensity of end-of-life care among patients with acute leukemia who died in the hospital (2017-2018) and (ii) to identify the factors associated with the intensity of end-of-life care. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of decedents based on data from the French national hospital database. The population included patients with acute leukemia who died during a hospital stay between 2017 and 2018, in a palliative care situation (code palliative care Z515 and-or being in a inpatient palliative care support bed during the 3 months preceding death). Intensity end-of-life care was assessed using two endpoints: High intensive end-of-life (HI-EOL: intensive care unit admission, emergency department admission, acute care hospitalization, intravenous chemotherapy) care and most invasive end-of-life (MI-EOL: orotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, artificial feeding, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, gastrostomy, or hemodialysis) care. RESULTS: A total of 3658 patients were included. In the last 30 days of life, 63 and 13% of the patients received HI-EOL care and MI-EOL care, respectively. Being younger, having comorbidities, being care managed in a specialized hospital, and a lower time in a palliative care structure were the main factors associated with HI-EOL. CONCLUSIONS: A large majority of French young adults and adults with acute leukemia who died at the hospital experienced high intensity end-of-life care. Identification of factors associated with high-intensity end-of-life care, such as the access to palliative care and specialized cancer center care management, may help to improve end-of-life care quality.

Palliative and high-intensity end-of-life care in schizophrenia patients with lung cancer: results from a French national population-based study.

Schizophrenia is marked by inequities in cancer treatment and associated with high smoking rates. Lung cancer patients with schizophrenia may thus be at risk of receiving poorer end-of-life care compared to those without mental disorder. The objective was to compare end-of-life care delivered to patients with schizophrenia and lung cancer with patients without severe mental disorder. This population-based cohort study included all patients aged 15 and older who died from their terminal lung cancer in hospital in France (2014-2016). Schizophrenia patients and controls without severe mental disorder were selected and indicators of palliative care and high-intensity end-of-life care were compared. Multivariable generalized log-linear models were performed, adjusted for sex, age, year of death, social deprivation, time between cancer diagnosis and death, metastases, comorbidity, smoking addiction and hospital category. The analysis included 633 schizophrenia patients and 66,469 controls. The schizophrenia patients died 6 years earlier, had almost twice more frequently smoking addiction (38.1%), had more frequently chronic pulmonary disease (32.5%) and a shorter duration from cancer diagnosis to death. In multivariate analysis, they were found to have more and earlier palliative care (adjusted Odds Ratio 1.27 [1.03;1.56]; p = 0.04), and less high-intensity end-of-life care (e.g., chemotherapy 0.53 [0.41;0.70]; p < 0.0001; surgery 0.73 [0.59;0.90]; p < 0.01) than controls. Although the use and/or continuation of high-intensity end-of-life care is less important in schizophrenia patients with lung cancer, some findings suggest a loss of chance. Future studies should explore the expectations of patients with schizophrenia and lung cancer to define the optimal end-of-life care.

End-of-Life Care Among Patients With Bipolar Disorder and Cancer: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe end-of-life (EOL) care in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) who died of cancer compared with mentally healthy individuals. METHODS: This was a nationwide cohort study of all adult individuals who died of cancer in hospitals in France between 2013 and 2016. Outcomes were compared between individuals with BD and mentally healthy individuals in the last month of life including palliative care and high-intensity EOL care (chemotherapy, artificial nutrition, and other interventions). A subanalysis explored differences between patients with BD and patients with schizophrenia. RESULTS: The study included 2015 individuals with BD and 222,477 mentally healthy controls. Compared with the controls, individuals with BD died 5 years earlier, more often had comorbidities and thoracic cancer, and had fewer metastases, but did not have shorter delays from cancer diagnosis to death. After matching and adjustment for covariates, individuals with BD more often received palliative care in the last 3 days of life (25% versus 13%, p < .001) and less high-intensity care (e.g., chemotherapy 12% versus 15%, p = .004), but more artificial nutrition (6% versus 4.6%, p = .003). Compared with the schizophrenia comparison group, chemotherapy was received more by individuals with BD in the last 14 days of life (12.5% for BD versus 9.4%, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with BD were more likely to receive palliative care and less likely to receive high-intensity EOL care, except for artificial nutrition. These results may not be specific to BD, as no difference was found between patients with BD and schizophrenia except for chemotherapy.

Trauma-related mortality of patients with severe psychiatric disorders: population-based study from the French national hospital database.

BACKGROUND: Most research on mortality in people with severe psychiatric disorders has focused on natural causes of death. Little is known about trauma-related mortality, although bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have been associated with increased risk of self-administered injury and road accidents. AIMS: To determine if 30-day in-patient mortality from traumatic injury was increased in people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia compared with those without psychiatric disorders. METHOD: A French national 2016 database of 144 058 hospital admissions for trauma was explored. Patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia were selected and matched with mentally healthy controls in a 1:3 ratio according to age, gender, social deprivation and region of residence. We collected the following data: sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, trauma severity characteristics and trauma circumstances. Study outcome was 30-day in-patient mortality. RESULTS: The study included 1059 people with bipolar disorder, 1575 people with schizophrenia and their respective controls (n = 3177 and n = 4725). The 30-day mortality was 5.7% in bipolar disorder, 5.1% in schizophrenia and 3.3 and 3.8% in the controls, respectively. Only bipolar disorder was associated with increased mortality in univariate analyses. This association remained significant after adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics and comorbidities but not after adjustment for trauma severity. Self-administered injuries were associated with increased mortality independent of the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with bipolar disorder are at higher risk of 30-day mortality, probably through increased trauma severity. A self-administered injury is predictive of a poor survival prognosis regardless of psychiatric diagnosis.

High-intensity end-of-life care among children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer who die in the hospital: A population-based study from the French national hospital database.

BACKGROUND: Efforts to improve the quality of end-of-life (EOL) care depend on better knowledge of the care that children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer receive, including high-intensity EOL (HI-EOL) care. The objective was to assess the rates of HI-EOL care in this population and to determine patient- and hospital-related predictors of HI-EOL from the French national hospital database. METHODS: This was a population-based, retrospective study of a cohort of patients aged 0 to 25 years at the time of death who died at hospital as a result of cancer in France between 2014 and 2016. The primary outcome was HI-EOL care, defined as the occurrence of ≥1 chemotherapy session <14 days from death, receiving care in an intensive care unit ≥1 time, >1 emergency room admission, and >1 hospitalization in an acute care unit in the last 30 days of life. RESULTS: The study included 1899 individuals from 345 hospitals; 61.4% experienced HI-EOL care. HI-EOL was increased with social disadvantage (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.65; P = .028), hematological malignancies (AOR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.57-2.77; P < .001), complex chronic conditions (AOR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.23-2.09; P = .001) and care delivered in a specialty center (AOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.22-2.36; P = .001). HI-EOL was reduced in cases of palliative care (AOR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.24-0.41; P < .001). CONCLUSION: A majority of children, adolescents, and young adults experience HI-EOL care. Several features (eg, social disadvantage, cancer diagnosis, complex chronic conditions, and specialty center care) were associated with HI-EOL care. These findings should now be discussed with patients, families, and professionals to define the optimal EOL.

[Characteristics of subjects under opiate maintenance treatment in primary care using the OPEMA data 2013]. / Caractéristiques des sujets sous traitement de substitution vus en médecine générale d'après l'enquête nationale OPEMA 2013.

AIM: The objective of the study is to describe the characteristics of subjects under opiate maintenance treatment by general practionners (GPs). METHOD: Data analysis from observatory for pharmacodependency in ambulatory medicine survey (observation des pharmacodépendances en médecine ambulatoire [OPEMA]) program in 2013 of the subjects under high dosage buprenorphine (HDB) and methadone prescribed or obtained illegally reported by GPs in France. RESULTS: Survey concerned consumers with 862, 433 and 429 of high dosage buprenorphine and respectively methadone. The average age is 39±9 years respectively, and 36±8 years; over 70% are male; 55% have paid employment and over 30% report social benefits; 9% are in temporary housing. In both groups, more than 50% have anxiety and depression; over 25% have associated somatic disorders and digestive diseases, respiratory, pain is the most common. Almost 99% use oral route; nearly 100% have a daily consumption and about 20% of the alcohol concomitantly; 24% of HDB use benzodiazepines and 18% of the methadone group (P=0.06); 33% of the population using methadone consume illicit psychoactive substances and 21% for HDB population (P<0.0001), in particular cannabis (P<0.0001). Heroin and cocaine are also consumed. CONCLUSION: The population consuming opiate maintenance treatments shows social, somatic and psychiatric vulnerability. Misuse associated forms and consumption of other psychoactive substances and illegal drugs are observed. Despite the complexity of management of these patients, general practitioners have a major role to play.

Total hip arthroplasty reduces the risk of dislocation after femoral neck fracture.

INTRODUCTION: Femoral neck fracture in the elderly patient can either be managed using hemi-arthroplasty (HA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this study was to explore the rate of three selected complications in each procedure: is the dislocation rate higher with HA compared to THA? Is the blood transfusion rate higher with THA compared to HA? Do the patients who underwent THA require more ICU transfer than the patients who underwent HA? Is the ICU transfer correlated to the use of cement for stem fixation? METHOD: Based on a national health-care database, a comparative and retrospective study was conducted. 96,184 patients were included after having a surgery for femoral neck fracture between 2014 and 2017. The mean follow up was 3.5 years (Min. 2 years-Max. 5 years). The population was divided into two groups: hemiarthroplasty (HA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA). The primary outcome was the dislocation rate and the secondary outcomes were the blood transfusion rate and the need for ICU after surgery. RESULTS: At two years of follow up in the Hemiarthroplasty group, 3647 patients had a dislocation episode over 64,106 patients: 5.69%. In the Total Hip Arthroplasty group: 1904 patients had a dislocation episode over 32,078 patients: 5.94% (p=0.26711). The percentage of deceased patient without dislocation was 17.76% in the HA group and 11.56% in the THA group (p<0.001). The univariate hazard ratio for dislocation was higher in the THA group: HR 1.063 IC 95% (0.993-1.138) p=0.077. The multivariate analysis calculating competitive risk with death and dislocation found THA to be a protective factor of dislocation HR 0.926 IC 95% (0.866-0.991) p=0.0266. The rate of blood transfusion was 5.59% in the THA group and 7.03% in the HA group (p<0.001), The multivariate analysis found HR=1.062 IC 95% (0.99-1.139) p=0.0955. The need for ICU transfer after the surgery was 7.04% in the HA group and 8.08% in the THA group (p<0.001). The multivariate analysis found HR 0.995 IC 95% (0.921-1.076) p=0.9094. Finally, only cement was found as an independent risk factor of ICU transfer after surgery: HR 1.254 IC 95% (1.164-1.35) p<0.0001. CONCLUSION: THA for femoral neck fracture allows to reduce the risk of dislocation compared to hemiarthroplasty. The multivariate analysis failed to prove the superiority of one procedure over the other regarding blood transfusion risk and the need for ICU transfer. The use of cemented stem appears to be a risk factor of ICU transfer after hip arthroplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, Retrospective comparative study.

Machine-learning prediction for hospital length of stay using a French medico-administrative database.

INTRODUCTION: Prolonged Hospital Length of Stay (PLOS) is an indicator of deteriorated efficiency in Quality of Care. One goal of public health management is to reduce PLOS by identifying its most relevant predictors. The objective of this study is to explore Machine Learning (ML) models that best predict PLOS. METHODS: Our dataset was collected from the French Medico-Administrative database (PMSI) as a retrospective cohort study of all discharges in the year 2015 from a large university hospital in France (APHM). The study outcomes were LOS transformed into a binary variable (long vs. short LOS) according to the 90th percentile (14 days). Logistic regression (LR), classification and regression trees (CART), random forest (RF), gradient boosting (GB) and neural networks (NN) were applied to the collected data. The predictive performance of the models was evaluated using the area under the ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS: Our analysis included 73,182 hospitalizations, of which 7,341 (10.0%) led to PLOS. The GB classifier was the most performant model with the highest AUC (0.810), superior to all the other models (all p-values <0.0001). The performance of the RF, GB and NN models (AUC ranged from 0.808 to 0.810) was superior to that of the LR model (AUC = 0.795); all p-values <0.0001. In contrast, LR was superior to CART (AUC = 0.786), p < 0.0001. The variable most predictive of the PLOS was the destination of the patient after hospitalization to other institutions. The typical clinical profile of these patients (17.5% of the sample) was the elderly patient, admitted in emergency, for a trauma, a neurological or a cardiovascular pathology, more often institutionalized, with more comorbidities notably mental health problems, dementia and hemiplegia. DISCUSSION: The integration of ML, particularly the GB algorithm, may be useful for health-care professionals and bed managers to better identify patients at risk of PLOS. These findings underscore the need to strengthen hospitals through targeted allocation to meet the needs of an aging population.

COVID-19 among undocumented migrants admitted to French intensive care units during the 2020-2021 period: a retrospective nationwide study.

BACKGROUND: Before the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in France, undocumented migrants had a higher risk than general population for being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) because of acute respiratory failure or severe infection. Specific data concerning the impact of COVID-19 on undocumented migrants in France are lacking. We aimed to analyze the mortality and respiratory severity of COVID-19 in this specific population. We retrospectively included all undocumented adult migrants admitted in French ICUs from March 2020 through April 2021 using the French nationwide hospital information system (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information). We focused on admissions related to COVID-19. Undocumented migrants were compared to the general population, first in crude analysis, then after matching on age, severity and main comorbidities. The primary outcome was the ICU mortality from COVID-19. Secondary objectives were the incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the need for mechanical ventilation (MV), the duration of MV, ICU and hospital stay. RESULTS: During the study period, the rate of ICU admission among patients hospitalized for COVID-19 was higher for undocumented migrants than for general population (463/1627 (28.5%) vs. 81 813/344 001 (23.8%); p < 0.001). Although ICU mortality was comparable after matching (14.3% for general population vs. 13.3% for undocumented migrants; p = 0.50), the incidence of ARDS was higher among undocumented migrants (odds ratio, confidence interval (OR (CI)) 1.25 (1.06-1.48); p = 0.01). Undocumented migrants needed more frequently invasive MV (OR (CI) 1.2 (1.01-1.42); p = 0.04 than general population. There were no differences between groups concerning duration of MV, ICU and hospital length of stay. CONCLUSION: During the first waves of COVID-19 in France, undocumented migrants had a mortality similar to the general population but a higher risk for ICU admission and for developing an ARDS. These results highlight the need for reinforcing prevention and improving primary healthcare access for people in irregular situation.

Reduced mortality associated to cementless total hip arthroplasty in femoral neck fracture.

Mortality related to femoral neck fractures remains a challenging health issue, with a high mortality rate at 1 year of follow-up. Three modifiable factors appear to be under control of the surgeon: the choice of the implant, the use of cement and the timing before surgery. The aim of this research project was to study the impact on mortality each of these risk factors play during the management of femoral neck fractures. A large retrospective epidemiological study was performed using a national database of the public healthcare system. The inclusion criteria were patients who underwent joint replacement surgery after femoral neck fracture during the years 2015 to 2017. All data points were available for at least 2 years after the fracture. The primary outcome was mortality within 2 years following the surgery. We evaluated the association between mortality and the type of the implant hemiarthroplasty (HA) versus total hip arthroplasty (THA), cemented versus non cemented femoral stem as well as the timing from fracture to surgical procedure. A multivariate analysis was performed including age, gender, comorbidities/autonomy scores, social category, and obesity. We identified 96,184 patients who matched the inclusion criteria between 2015 and 2017. 64,106 (66%) patients underwent HA and 32,078 (33.4%) underwent THA. After multivariate analysis including age and comorbidities, patients who underwent surgery after 72 h intra-hospital had a higher risk of mortality: Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.119 (1.056-1.185) p = 0.0001 compared to the group who underwent surgery within 24 h. THA was found to be a protective factor HR = 0.762 (0.731-0.795) p < 0.0001. The use of cement was correlated with higher mortality rate: HR = 1.107 (1.067-1.149) p < 0.0001. Three key points are highlighted by our study in the reduction of mortality related to femoral neck fracture: the use of hemiarthroplasty a surgery performed after 48 h and the use of cement for femoral stem fixation adversely affect mortality risk.

Misuse of buprenorphine maintenance treatment since introduction of its generic forms: OPPIDUM survey.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to compare, using data from Observation of Illicit Psychotropic Substances or Non-medical Used Medications (OPPIDUM) surveys, first, the profile of buprenorphine users and their modalities of buprenorphine use from 2006 to 2008 and, second, two subgroups: brand-name and generic buprenorphine users in 2008. METHODS: OPPIDUM is an annual, nationwide, multicentric, cross-sectional survey, including buprenorphine users followed in specialised centres dedicated to drug dependence. The evolution of the profile during three consecutive years (2006, 2007 and 2008) was analysed using Cochran-Armitage test for trend. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the use of generic compared with brand-name buprenorphine in 2008. RESULTS: In OPPIDUM, 1311 individuals used buprenorphine in 2006, 1688 in 2007 and 1696 in 2008. The proportion of users of generic buprenorphine increased from 4.2% in 2006 to 31.7% in 2008. From 2006 to 2008, a decrease in intravenous use and higher than recommended dosage, with an increase in occupation, have been observed. According to the multivariate analysis, factors associated with being generic buprenorphine user compared with brand-name buprenorphine user in 2008 were younger age, more education, absence of use of alcohol with buprenorphine, absence of heroin and/or cocaine use and absence of nasal route for buprenorphine. CONCLUSION: Three years after the launch of the buprenorphine generic, the health professionals' and buprenorphine users' perception of generic can still change. Additionally, the long-term impact of generic medications with abuse potential has not yet been studied. Thus, continued monitoring of buprenorphine is needed.

[General Practitioners' Contribution to Dependence Assessment: the OPEMA Programme]. / Observation des pharmacodépendances en médecine ambulatoire : le programme OPEMA.

Aim. This study presents the OPEMA (Observation des pharmacodépendances en médecine ambulatoire) programme and the main results of its last annual survey (november 2010). Method. Collected data concern mainly subjects' sociodemographic situation, their state of health and their current consumption of psychoactive substance. Results. In 2010, 1394 subjects have been included, describing 2 450 consumptions of psychoactive susbtance. Their mean age is 38,2±12,7 years. Eighty-six per cent have a stable accomodation and 52% are in employment. Fifty-six percent of included subjects present a psychiatric comorbidity. Among included subjects, HIV and HVC prevalence is respectively 3% and 20%. Fourty-five percent of included subjects have been using intraveinous route, 6% of whom using it currently. Eighty-two percent consume opiate maintenance treatment and 29% benzodiazepines. Conclusion. The OPEMA programme supplement the french pharmacodependence assessment system with collecting data from general practitioners, and promotes a global knowledge of dependent subjects' state of health.

Undocumented migrants in French intensive care units in 2011-2018: retrospective nationwide study.

PURPOSE: Whether undocumented migrants admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) have specific features is unknown. We aimed to determine the features and outcomes of undocumented migrants admitted to French ICUs. METHODS: We retrospectively included all undocumented adult migrants admitted in 2011-2018 and compared them to the general ICU population. We also compared these two groups matched on age, sex, severity, comorbidities, reason for ICU admission and public/private hospital. RESULTS: We identified 14,554 ICU stays, with an increase from 2 to 4‰ of all ICU admissions over time. Shock (16.7%), post-operative care (13.8%), and trauma (10.5%) were the main reasons for ICU admission. Compared to general ICU patients, migrants were younger and had greater disease severity. After adjustment on age and sex, the following were more common in migrants: shock (OR 1.2 [1.14-1.25]; P < 0.0001), infections (1.48 [1.38-1.54]; P < 0.001), acute respiratory failure (1.09 [1.03-1.15]; P = 0.006), acute kidney injury (1.12 [1.05-1.19]; P < 0.001), obstetric events (1.53 [1.66-1.81]; P < 0.0001), and neurological deficits (1.19 [1.12-1.27]; P < 0.0001). In the matched study, migrants more often required vasopressors, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy; had longer ICU stays (median 4 [2-8] vs. 4 [2-7] days; P < 0.0001) and hospital stays (10 [5-20] vs. 8 [4-15]; P < 0.0001) and had higher hospital costs (14.2 ± 23.6 vs. 13.4 ± 11.5 K€; P < 0.0001). Hospital mortality was similar (6.7% vs. 6.6%; P = 0.69). CONCLUSION: Admissions of undocumented migrants to French ICUs doubled from 2011 to 2018. The patients were younger and, although sicker, achieved similar outcomes to those in general ICU patients.

Risk Factors for Intrauterine Tamponade Failure in Postpartum Hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with intrauterine tamponade failure after vaginal or cesarean delivery. METHODS: This was a nationwide population-based cohort study that used data from the French Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information. This study compared the failure and effectiveness of intrauterine tamponade among all women who received the procedure in France from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. Failure was defined as the use of a second-line method (uterine artery embolization, conservative or radical surgery, or death) within 7 days of intrauterine tamponade. Factors associated with intrauterine tamponade failure were identified by univariate analyses and tested using multivariate generalized logistic regression models (with a random intercept on institution) to obtain adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% CI statistics. RESULTS: A total of 39,193 patients presented with postpartum hemorrhage in 474 French maternity wards. Of these patients, 1,761 (4.5%) received intrauterine tamponade for persistent bleeding. The effectiveness rate of intrauterine tamponade was 88.9%. For 195 women (11.1%), a second-line method was indicated. Patients for whom intrauterine tamponade failed had a higher maternal age, a lower mean gestational age, and more frequent instances of placental abnormalities, preeclampsia, cesarean birth, and uterine rupture. The multivariate analysis revealed that cesarean birth (aOR 4.2; 95% CI 2.9-6.0), preeclampsia (aOR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3-4.0), and uterine rupture (aOR 14.1; 95% CI 2.4-83.0) were independently associated with intrauterine tamponade failure. CONCLUSION: Cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, and uterine rupture are associated with intrauterine tamponade failure in the management of postpartum hemorrhage.

Septic shock: incidence, mortality and hospital readmission rates in French intensive care units from 2014 to 2018.

INTRODUCTION: Septic shock is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Its evolution over the last few years and the leverage points for action to improve associated outcomes remain unclear. Our aim was to determine trends in the incidence and mortality of septic shock and associated risk factors in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and readmission rates after hospital discharge. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study using data from the French national hospitalisation database, including adult patients with septic shock from 2014 to 2018. Primary outcomes were the incidence of septic shock and the hospital mortality rate at 30, 90 and 365 days. Secondary outcomes were all-cause hospital readmission. RESULTS: Septic shock was identified in 187,587 ICU stays. The age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate of septic shock per 100 ICU admissions increased from 6.5% to 6.8% (P < .001); age- and sex-adjusted hospital mortality rates decreased from 47.3% to 44.5% (P < .001). The hospital readmission rate at 365 days was 65.0%. Older age, higher Charlson score, occurrence of organ failure and previous hospitalisation were associated with increased risk of mortality. Identification of a specific microorganism and a time between hospitalisation and ICU admission of less than one day were associated with a decreased risk of death. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed an increase in the incidence of septic shock and a decrease in mortality rates. Pathogen identification and rapid admission to the ICU were associated with better outcomes. The rate of hospital readmission increased, raising questions about the discharge criteria for these patients.

National incidence rate and related mortality for acute respiratory distress syndrome in France.

INTRODUCTION: Despite many efforts to improve mechanical ventilation strategies and the use of rescue strategies, ARDS-related mortality remains high. The primary objective of this study was to determine the incidence and 90-day mortality of ARDS patients admitted to all French ICUs following the introduction of the Berlin definition of ARDS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data source for this nationwide cohort study was the French national hospital database (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Information (PMSI)), which systematically collects administrative and medical information related to all patients hospitalised and hospital stays. Patient-level data were obtained from the PMSI database for all patients admitted to an ICU from the 1st of January 2017, through the 31st of December 2017. The inclusion criteria were as follows: ICU patients ≥ 18 years old with at least one International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10) diagnosis code of J80 (ARDS), either as a primary diagnosis or a secondary diagnosis, during their ICU stay. RESULTS: A total of 12,846 ICU adult patients with ARDS were included. The crude incidence of ARDS was 24.6 per 100,000 person-years, varying with age from 6.7 per 100,000 person-years for those 18 through 40 years of age to 51.9 per 100,000 person-years for those 68 through 76 years of age. The in-hospital mortality rate was 51.1%. Day-90 mortality (day-1 being the ICU admission) was 51.2% and increased with age from 29.0% for patients 18 through 40 years of age to 69.3% for patients 77 years of age or older (p < 0.001). Only 53.9% of the survivors were transferred home directly after hospital discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and mortality of ARDS in adults in France are higher than that generally reported in other countries.