RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Enhanced recovery after surgery is a modality of perioperative management with the purpose of improving results and providing a faster recovery of patients. This kind of protocol has been applied frequently in colorectal surgery, presenting less available experience and evidence in gastric surgery. METHODS: According to the RICA guidelines published in 2015, a review of the bibliography and the consensus established in a multidisciplinary meeting in Zaragoza on the 9th of October 2015, we present a protocol that contains the basic procedures of fast-track for resective gastric surgery. RESULTS: The measures to be applied are divided in a preoperative, perioperative and postoperative stage. This document provides recommendations concerning the appropriate information, limited fasting and administration of carbohydrate drinks 2hours before surgery, specialized anesthetic strategies, minimal invasive surgery, no routine use of drainages and tubes, mobilization and early oral tolerance during the immediate postoperative period, as well as criteria for discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a protocol of enhanced recovery after surgery in resective gastric surgery can improve and accelerate the functional recovery of our patients, requiring an appropriate multidisciplinary coordination, the evaluation of obtained results with the application of these measures and the investigation of controversial topics about which we currently have limited evidence.
Asunto(s)
Gastrectomía/rehabilitación , Protocolos Clínicos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Grupo de Atención al PacienteRESUMEN
Pulmonary complications continue to be the most common adverse event after surgery. The main objective was to carry out two independent predictive models, both for early pulmonary complications in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit and late-onset pulmonary complications after 30 postoperative days. The secondary objective was to determine whether presenting early complications subsequently causes patients to have other late-onset events. This is a secondary analysis of a cohort study. 714 patients were divided into four groups depending on the neuromuscular blocking agent, and spontaneous or pharmacological reversal. Incidence of late-onset complications if we have not previously had any early complications was 4.96%. If the patient has previously had early complications the incidence of late-onset complications was 22.02%. If airway obstruction occurs, the risk of atelectasis increased from 6.88 to 22.58% (p = 0.002). If hypoxemia occurs, the incidence increased from 5.82 to 21.79% (p < 0.001). Based on our predictive models, we conclude that diabetes mellitus and preoperative anemia are two risk factors for early and late-onset postoperative pulmonary complications, respectively. Hypoxemia and airway obstruction in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit increased four times the risk of the development of pneumonia and atelectasis at 30 postoperative days.
Asunto(s)
Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas , Anestésicos , Bloqueo Neuromuscular , Enfermedades Neuromusculares , Atelectasia Pulmonar , Trastornos Respiratorios , Humanos , Bloqueo Neuromuscular/efectos adversos , Estudios de Cohortes , Atelectasia Pulmonar/epidemiología , Atelectasia Pulmonar/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Trastornos Respiratorios/etiología , Enfermedades Neuromusculares/etiología , Hipoxia/etiología , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/etiologíaRESUMEN
In recent years, some studies have generated controversy since they conclude that intraoperatively pharmacological reversal of neuromuscular blockade does not contribute to the reduction of postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade or pulmonary complications. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the incidence of residual neuromuscular blockade and postoperative pulmonary complications according to spontaneous or pharmacological neuromuscular reversal. The secondary aim was to present a prognostic model to predict the probability of having postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade depending on a patient's comorbidities and intraoperative neuromuscular blocking agents management. A single-center, prospective, observational cohort study including patients undergoing surgical procedures with general anesthesia was designed. A total of 714 patients were analyzed. Patients were divided into four groups: cisatracurium with spontaneous reversal, cisatracurium with neostigmine antagonism, rocuronium with spontaneous reversal, and rocuronium with sugammadex antagonism. According to our binomial generalized linear model, none of the studied comorbidities was a predisposing factor for an increase in the residual neuromuscular blockade. However, in our study, pharmacological reversal of rocuronium with sugammadex and, particularly, neuromuscular monitoring during surgery were the factors that most effectively reduced the risk of residual neuromuscular blockade as well as early and late postoperative pulmonary complications.
Asunto(s)
Retraso en el Despertar Posanestésico , Bloqueo Neuromuscular , Fármacos Neuromusculares no Despolarizantes , Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Bloqueo Neuromuscular/efectos adversos , Bloqueo Neuromuscular/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Rocuronio , SugammadexRESUMEN
Delirium after surgery or Postoperative delirium (POD) is an underdiagnosed entity, despite its severity and high incidence. Patients with delirium require a longer hospital stay and present more postoperative complications, which also increases hospital costs. Given its importance and the lack of specific treatment, multifactorial preventive strategies are evidenced based. Our hypothesis is that using general anaesthesia and avoiding the maximum time in excessively deep anaesthetic planes through BIS neuromonitoring device will reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium in patients over the age of 65 and their hospitalization stay. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups: The visible BIS group and the hidden BIS neuromonitoring group. In the visible BIS group, the depth of anaesthesia was sustained between 40 and 60, while in the other group the depth of anaesthesia was guided by hemodynamic parameters and the Minimum Alveolar Concentration value. Patients were assessed three times a day by research staff fully trained during the 72 h after the surgery to determine the presence of POD, and there was follow-up at 30 days. Patients who developed delirium (n = 69) was significantly lower in the visible BIS group (n = 27; 39.1%) than in the hidden BIS group (n = 42, 60.9%; p = 0.043). There were no differences between the subtypes of delirium in the two groups. Patients in the hidden BIS group were kept for 26.6 ± 14.0 min in BIS values < 40 versus 11.6 ± 10.9 min (p < 0.001) for the patients in the visible BIS group. The hospital stay was lower in the visible BIS group 6.56 ± 6.14 days versus the 9.30 ± 7.11 days (p < 0.001) for the hidden BIS group, as well as mortality; hidden BIS 5.80% versus visible BIS 0% (p = 0.01). A BIS-guided depth of anaesthesia is associated with a lower incidence of delirium. Patients with intraoperative neuromonitoring stayed for a shorter time in excessively deep anaesthetic planes and presented a reduction in hospital stay and mortality.
Asunto(s)
Anestesiología , Anestésicos , Delirio , Anestesia General/efectos adversos , Delirio/etiología , Delirio/prevención & control , Humanos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Microlaryngeal surgery (ML) is a short procedure that requires a deep neuromuscular blockade to provide optimum surgical conditions. Succinylcholine is a relaxant widely used but involves numerous complications. One valid alternative is rocuronium, with a specific antagonist, sugammadex. The primary objective was to assess the surgical conditions in ML according to the relaxant. The secondary objectives were to assess intubation conditions and intraoperative and immediate postoperative adverse events. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. METHODS: This was a prospective study of patients scheduled for ML randomized into two groups according to relaxant. Neuromuscular blockade was recorded after administration and during ML surgery. Surgical conditions were assessed using the ML Rating Scale, intubation conditions, remifentanil doses, intraoperative complications, surgery time, emergence time, and complications in the postanesthesia care unit. RESULTS: Two hundred five patients were included (rocuronium = 103, succinylcholine = 102). Train-of-four values were higher for rocuronium, though the otorhinolaryngology surgical conditions were significantly better in that group (rocuronium = 5.54 ± 1.39 points; succinylcholine = 9.13 ± 1.99 points). Intubation conditions were similar in both groups. Remifentanil doses were higher for succinylcholine (P < .001) (rocuronium = 0.102 ± 0.05 µg/kg/min; succinylcholine = 0.201 ± 0.05 µg/kg/min). There were no differences in the duration of surgery, but the time to awakening was significantly longer for succinylcholine (rocuronium = 3.82 ± 1.38 minutes, succinylcholine = 9.18 ± 2.04 minutes, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Rocuronium provides better surgical conditions and allows for the use of lower doses of remifentanil as compared to succinylcholine and cisatracurium in ML. This makes it possible to decrease the time to awakening and the complications associated with high doses of remifentanil. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1b Laryngoscope, 131:E212-E218, 2021.
Asunto(s)
Atracurio/análogos & derivados , Enfermedades de la Laringe/cirugía , Laringe/cirugía , Bloqueo Neuromuscular/métodos , Fármacos Neuromusculares Despolarizantes/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Neuromusculares no Despolarizantes/administración & dosificación , Rocuronio/administración & dosificación , Succinilcolina/administración & dosificación , Sugammadex/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Atracurio/administración & dosificación , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Método Simple Ciego , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/métodosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The evidence currently available from enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programmes concerns their benefits in the immediate postoperative period, but there is still very little evidence as to whether their correct implementation benefits patients in the long term. The working hypothesis here is that, due to the lower response to surgical aggression and lower rates of postoperative complications, ERAS protocols can reduce colorectal cancer-related mortality. The main objective of this study is to analyse the impact of an ERAS programme for colorectal cancer on 5-year survival. As secondary objectives, we propose to analyse the weight of each of the predefined items in the oncological results as well as the quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in patients older than 18 years of age who are scheduled to undergo surgery for colorectal cancer. The study involved 12 hospitals with an implemented enhanced recovery protocol according to the guidelines published by the Spanish National Health Service. The intervention group includes patients with a minimum implementation level of 70%, and the control group includes those who fail to reach this level. Compliance will be studied using 18 key performance indicators, and the results will be analysed using cancer survival indicators, including overall survival, cancer-specific survival and relapse-free survival. The time to recurrence, perioperative morbidity and mortality, hospital stay and quality of life will also be studied, the latter using the validated EuroQol Five questionnaire. The propensity index method will be used to create comparable treatment and control groups, and a multivariate regression will be used to study each variable. The Kaplan-Meier estimator will be used to estimate survival and the log-rank test to make comparisons. A p value of less than 0.05 (two-tailed) will be considered to be significant. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Aragon Ethical Committee (C.P.-C.I. PI20/086) on 4 March 2020. The findings of this study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals (BMJ Open, JAMA Surgery, Annals of Surgery, British Journal of Surgery). Abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international meetings. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04305314.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales , Calidad de Vida , Estudios de Cohortes , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estudios Observacionales como Asunto , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Medicina EstatalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Liver resection surgery has advanced greatly in recent years, and the adoption of fasttrack programs has yielded good results. Combination anesthesia (general anesthesia associated to epidural analgesia) is an anesthetic-analgesic strategy commonly used for the perioperative management of patients undergoing surgery of this kind, though there is controversy regarding the coagulation alterations it may cause and which can favor the development of spinal hematomas. AIM: To study the postoperative course of liver resection surgery, an analysis was made of the outcomes of liver resection surgery due to colorectal cancer metastases in our centre in terms of morbiditymortality and hospital stay according to the anesthetic technique used (general vs combination anesthesia). METHODS: A prospective study was made of 61 colorectal cancer patients undergoing surgery due to liver metastases under general and combination anesthesia between January 2014 and October 2015. The patient characteristics, intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, evolution of hemostatic parameters, and stay in intensive care and in hospital were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 61 patients were included in two homogeneous groups: general anesthesia (n = 30) and combination anesthesia (general anesthesia associated to epidural analgesia) (n = 31). All patients had normal coagulation values before surgery. The international normalized ratio (INR) in both the general and combination anesthesia groups reached maximum values at 2448 h (mean 1.37 and 1.45 vs 1.39 and 1.41, respectively), followed by a gradual decrease. There was less intraoperative bleeding in the combination anesthesia group (769 mL) than in the general anesthesia group (1200 mL) (P < 0.05). Of the 61 patients, 38.8% in the general anesthesia group experienced some respiratory complication vs 6.6% in the combination anesthesia group (P < 0.001). The time to gastrointestinal tolerance was significantly correlated to the type of anesthesia, though not so the stay in critical care or the time to hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia in liver resection surgery was seen to be safe, with good results in terms of pain control and respiratory complications, and with no associated increase in complications secondary to altered hemostasis.
RESUMEN
ERAS is a multimodal perioperative care program which replaces traditional practices concerning analgesia, intravenous fluids, nutrition, mobilization as well as a number of other perioperative items, whose implementation is supported by evidence-based best practices. According to the RICA guidelines published in 2015, a review of the literature and the consensus established at a multidisciplinary meeting in 2015, we present a protocol that contains the basic procedures of an ERAS pathway for resective esophageal surgery. The measures involved in this ERAS pathway are structured into 3areas: preoperative, perioperative and postoperative. The consensus document integrates all the analyzed items in a unique time chart. ERAS programs in esophageal resection surgery can reduce postoperative morbidity, mortality, hospitalization and hospital costs.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos Clínicos , Esofagectomía/rehabilitación , Atención Perioperativa/métodos , Humanos , Guías de Práctica Clínica como AsuntoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Postoperative residual curarization (PORC) is an important complication of neuromuscular blocking drug (NMBD) use. This study evaluates the incidence of PORC in the Postanesthesia Care Unit (PACU), its relation to the type of muscle relaxant and reversal agent used, and its implication in the development of postoperative respiratory complications. METHODS: A prospective observational study of cohorts was made with 558 patients operated under general anesthesia. Data regarding patient history, muscle relaxation (train-of-four [TOF]) monitoring, type of relaxants and reversal agents used, and TOF upon admission to the PACU was collected. Four groups were established: cisatracurium, cisatracurium-neostigmine, rocuronium, and rocuronium-sugammadex. An evaluation was made on the incidence of PORC (TOF ratio [TOFr] <0.9) in PACU, and its relation to the relaxants and reversal agents used and to the development of postoperative respiratory complications - minor and major (pneumonia, atelectasis). RESULTS: From a total of 558 patients, 27.9% presented with PORC. According to the NMBD used and the administration or not of a reversal agent, the incidence of PORC in the four groups was: cisatracurium 34%, cisatracurium-neostigmine 28.6%, rocuronium 34%, and rocuronium-sugammadex 1.15%. The global incidence of minor critical respiratory events (CREs) was 14.5%: cisatracurium 27.5%, cisatracurium-neostigmine 17.4%, rocuronium 10.5%, and rocuronium-sugammadex 2.3%, with statistically significant differences. The global incidence of major CREs was 7.5%, and was significantly higher in patients with TOFr<0.9 upon admission to the PACU. CONCLUSIONS: PORC in the PACU is associated to a greater incidence of major and minor respiratory complications. The use of rocuronium-sugammadex significantly reduces the incidence of PORC in the PACU.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/uso terapéutico , Retraso en el Despertar Posanestésico/tratamiento farmacológico , Retraso en el Despertar Posanestésico/epidemiología , Neostigmina/uso terapéutico , Bloqueo Neuromuscular/efectos adversos , Trastornos Respiratorios/inducido químicamente , gamma-Ciclodextrinas/uso terapéutico , Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia , Atracurio/análogos & derivados , Atracurio/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Monitoreo Neuromuscular , Fármacos Neuromusculares no Despolarizantes/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Trastornos Respiratorios/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Respiratorios/epidemiología , SugammadexRESUMEN
La rehabilitación multimodal constituye un conjunto de medidas perioperatorias que sustituye prácticas tradicionales respecto a la analgesia, la fluidoterapia, la nutrición y la movilización, entre otros. Su implementación está basada en criterios de medicina basada en la evidencia. Con base en la vía recuperación intensificada en cirugía abdominal publicada en el año 2015, una amplia revisión de la bibliografía y el consenso establecido en una reunión multidisciplinar del Grupo de Trabajo de Cirugía Esofagogástrica del Grupo Español de Rehabilitación Multimodal celebrada en 2015, se presenta un protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal en cirugía resectiva esofágica. Las medidas a aplicar se dividen en 3 bloques: preoperatorio, perioperatorio y postoperatorio. Su conjunto da lugar al documento de consenso que integra todas las medidas perioperatorias en una matriz temporal. La aplicación de protocolos de rehabilitación multimodal en cirugía resectiva esofágica reduce la morbimortalidad postoperatoria, la estancia y los costes hospitalarios
ERAS is a multimodal perioperative care program which replaces traditional practices concerning analgesia, intravenous fluids, nutrition, mobilization as well as a number of other perioperative items, whose implementation is supported by evidence-based best practices. According to the RICA guidelines published in 2015, a review of the literature and the consensus established at a multidisciplinary meeting in 2015, we present a protocol that contains the basic procedures of an ERAS pathway for resective esophageal surgery. The measures involved in this ERAS pathway are structured into 3 areas: preoperative, perioperative and postoperative. The consensus document integrates all the analyzed items in a unique time chart. ERAS programs in esophageal resection surgery can reduce postoperative morbidity, mortality, hospitalization and hospital costs
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Esófago/cirugía , Costos de Hospital , Enfermedades del Esófago/rehabilitación , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Periodo Perioperatorio , Cuidados PosoperatoriosRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La rehabilitación multimodal es un conjunto de medidas que se aplican durante el período perioperatorio con el fin de mejorar los resultados y facilitar una pronta recuperación de los pacientes. La aplicación de protocolos de este tipo se ha extendido ampliamente en la cirugía colorrectal, siendo menor la experiencia y evidencia disponible en relación con la cirugía gástrica. MÉTODOS: En base a las directrices marcadas por la vía Recuperación Intensificada en Cirugía Abdominal (RICA) publicada en el año 2015, una amplia revisión de la bibliografía y el consenso establecido en una reunión multidisciplinar del Grupo de Trabajo de Cirugía Esofagogástrica del Grupo Español de Rehabilitación Multimodal celebrada en Zaragoza el 9 de octubre de 2015, se presenta una matriz temporal que recoge las recomendaciones fundamentales para la aplicación de un protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal en la cirugía de resección gástrica. RESULTADOS: Las medidas a aplicar se dividen en una etapa preoperatoria, otra perioperatoria y otra postoperatoria. Así, se establecen en este documento recomendaciones sobre la información adecuada y preparación del paciente y su entorno, el ayuno limitado y la ingesta de bebidas carbohidratadas 2h antes de la operación, estrategias anestésicas más especializadas, la cirugía mínimamente invasiva, la no colocación de forma sistemática de sondas o drenajes, la movilización y tolerancia oral precoz durante el postoperatorio inmediato, así como los criterios a considerar para el alta hospitalaria. CONCLUSIONES: La aplicación de un protocolo de rehabilitación multimodal en la cirugía resectiva gástrica puede mejorar y acelerar la recuperación funcional de nuestros pacientes. Sin embargo, para conseguir este objetivo se precisa de una correcta coordinación multidisciplinar, así como de la evaluación de los resultados y del análisis e investigación de los puntos de controversia sobre los que la evidencia científica es aún limitada
INTRODUCTION: Enhanced recovery after surgery is a modality of perioperative management with the purpose of improving results and providing a faster recovery of patients. This kind of protocol has been applied frequently in colorectal surgery, presenting less available experience and evidence in gastric surgery. METHODS: According to the RICA guidelines published in 2015, a review of the bibliography and the consensus established in a multidisciplinary meeting in Zaragoza on the 9th of October 2015, we present a protocol that contains the basic procedures of fast-track for resective gastric surgery. RESULTS: The measures to be applied are divided in a preoperative, perioperative and postoperative stage. This document provides recommendations concerning the appropriate information, limited fasting and administration of carbohydrate drinks 2 hours before surgery, specialized anesthetic strategies, minimal invasive surgery, no routine use of drainages and tubes, mobilization and early oral tolerance during the immediate postoperative period, as well as criteria for discharge. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a protocol of enhanced recovery after surgery in resective gastric surgery can improve and accelerate the functional recovery of our patients, requiring an appropriate multidisciplinary coordination, the evaluation of obtained results with the application of these measures and the investigation of controversial topics about which we currently have limited evidence