Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis from endocervical specimens of infertile Mexican women.

INTRODUCTION: It has been reported in several countries that Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes D, E, and F are the ones more frequently associated with urogenital infections. In Mexico, the prevalence of serovars and genotypes is unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-two endocervical swabs were collected from infertile women to test for C. trachomatis. The PCR-based RFLP and automated-sequencing methods of ompA gene was used to identify the C. trachomatis genotypes. Sequences of 891 pb obtained were aligned with currently available chlamydial sequences from GenBank to identify the corresponding genotype. RESULTS: Twenty-four women with infertility (15.8%) were positive for C. trachomatis. According to the RFLP and nucleotide sequences results the most prevalent ompA genotype corresponded to serovar F (n=13 [54.2%]), followed by serovars E (n=2 [8.7%]), G (n=2 [8.7%]), K (n=2 [8.7%]) and LGV (n=2 [8.7%]), while serovars D, H and Ia were less prevalent (all n=1 [4.2%]). None of the patients who were positive to genovar L2 had symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Nucleotide sequences analysis showed a new genovariant of L2, which was different to L2b to L2f. Mutation points were observed in VS1 domain of Omp A. CONCLUSIONS: In this study the most common genotypes were F. Furthermore, the L2 genovariants were demonstrated in infertile women without signs and symptoms of LGV disease. Presence of point mutations in L2 genotype sequences were seen by which there is a need for further research in order to identify new L2 genetic variants that exist in Latin America.

[Sepsis in children with cancer: problems to detect it and challenges for diminishing it]. / Sepsis en el niño con cáncer: problemas en su identificación y retos para su disminución.

Since 1992 the availability of the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) has improved the identification of subjects with sepsis. Sepsis remains a major hospital complication worldwide, responsible for thousands of deaths in children with cancer. Different biomarkers have been proposed for discrimination of septic child, who is not, but its introduction and routine use in control programs and surveillance has not been possible so far. The challenge in septic cancer remains valid subject and makes it a public health problem. The research accompanying the treatment of these children and introducing them, depend on their effectiveness, financing and universal availability of methods; but especially strategic planning based on that knowledge.

Genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis from endocervical specimens of infertile Mexican women

Introduction It has been reported in several countries that Chlamydia trachomatis genotypes D, E, and F are the ones more frequently associated with urogenital infections. In Mexico, the prevalence of serovars and genotypes is unknown. Material and Methods One hundred and fifty-two endocervical swabs were collected from infertile women to test for C. trachomatis. The PCR-based RFLP and automated-sequencing methods of ompA gene was used to identify the C. trachomatis genotypes. Sequences of 891 pb obtained were aligned with currently available chlamydial sequences from GenBank to identify the corresponding genotype. Results Twenty-four women with infertility (15.8%) were positive for C. trachomatis. According to the RFLP and nucleotide sequences results the most prevalent ompA genotype corresponded to serovar F (n=13 [54.2%]), followed by serovars E (n=2 [8.7%]), G (n=2 [8.7%]), K (n=2 [8.7%]) and LGV (n=2 [8.7%]), while serovars D, H and Ia were less prevalent (all n=1 [4.2%]). None of the patients who were positive to genovar L2 had symptoms of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV). Nucleotide sequences analysis showed a new genovariant of L2, which was different to L2b to L2f. Mutation points were observed in VS1 domain of Omp A.Conclusions In this study the most common genotypes were F. Furthermore, the L2 genovariants were demonstrated in infertile women without signs and symptoms of LGV disease. Presence of point mutations in L2 genotype sequences were seen by which there is a need for further research in order to identify new L2 genetic variants that exist in Latin America (AU)

Introducción En diversos países se ha informado que los genotipos de Chlamydia trachomatis más frecuentes y que están asociados a infecciones urogenitales son: D, E y F. En México, la prevalencia de los serotipos y genotipos no se conoce. Material y métodos Se obtuvieron ciento cincuenta y dos hisopos de muestras endocervicales de mujeres infértiles para detectar C. trachomatis. La identificación de los genotipos de C. trachomatis se realizó mediante la técnica de PCR basado en RFLP y en el método automatizado de secuenciación para el gen ompA. Para identificar el genotipo, la secuencia de 891 pb obtenida se alineó con secuencias del gen ompA de Chlamydia disponibles en el GenBank. Resultados Veinticuatro mujeres con infertilidad (15,8%) fueron positivas para C. trachomatis. De acuerdo con los métodos de RFLP y de secuencición de nucleótidos, el genotipo más frecuente correspondió al serotipo F (n=13 [54,2%]), seguida por el serotipo E (n=2 [8,7%]), G (n=2 [8,7%]), K (n=2 [8,7%]) y L2 (n=2 [8,7%]), mientras que los serotipos D, H e Ia fueron menos frecuentes (todos, n=1 [4,2%]). Ninguno de los pacientes con resultado positivo para el serotipo L2 tuvo síntomas de linfogranuloma venéreo (LGV). El análisis de las secuencias nucleotídicas del serotipo L2 mostró una nueva genovariante diferente de la L2b a la L2F. Los puntos de mutación en esta nueva genovariante se observaron en el dominio VS1 del gen ompA. Conclusiones En este estudio el genotipo más frecuente fue el F. Además, se demostró la presencia del genotipo L2 en mujeres infértiles que no mostraron signos y síntomas de la enfermedad de LGV. Se evidenciaron mutaciones puntuales en las secuencias nucleotídicas del genotipo L2 por lo cual hay necesidad de una mayor investigación para identificar la existencia de nuevas genovariantes L2 en América Latina (AU)

Prevalencia de marcadores serológicos de los virus de la hepatitis A, B, C, y D en embarazadas / Seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D virus infection in pregnant women

Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de maracadores serológicos de los virus de la hepatitis en una población de embarazadas. Material y métodos. Se estudiaron 1 500 sueros de embarazadas en los que se determinaron: anticuerpos IgG contra el virus de la hepatitis A (anti-VHA); anticuerpos IgG contra el antígeno central del virus de la hepatitis B (ant-HB-c), y su antígeno de superficie (AgsHB); así como anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis C (anti-VHC). En los casos positivos al AgsHB se buscaron anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis D (anti-VHD) y el antígeno e del virus de la hepatitis B (AgeHB). Todas las determinaciones se realizaron por la técnica de ELISA. Resultados. El 93.3 por ciento de los sueros estudiados tuvo anti-VHA IgG positivos. La prevalencia del AgsHB fue del 0.26 por ciento y de anti-VHC del 0.53 por ciento. No hubo pacientes con positividad para anti-VHD ni para el AgeHB. Conclusiones. Se encontró una prevalencia del AgsHB superior a la de otros estudios en embarazadas mexicanas. Consideramos que el escrutinio del AgsHB debe formar parte de los exámenes de control prenatal

Objective. To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, C and D virus infection among pregnant women attending a perinatal care hospital. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus IgG antibodies (anti-HAV), hepatitis B virus markers (anti-HBcAg and HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) in pregnant women. In HBsAg positive cases, HBeAg and hepatitis D virus antibodies (anti-HDV) were investigated. All analyses were performed with the ELISA technique. Results. Of the 1500 pregnant women studied, 93.3% were positive for anti-HAV IgG. The HBsAg seroprevalence was 0.26% and anti-HCV seroprevalence was 0.53%. There were no patients with HBeAg or antiHDV. Conclusions. A higher seroprevalence of HBsAg was found in this study than in other studies of pregnant Mexican women. We propose that HBsAg screening become a routine prenatal test.

Sarampión y embarazo: evolución y manejo / Measles and pregnancy: evolution and management

El sarampión es una enfermedad altamente contagiosa en México, a pesar de las campañas de vacunación, persiste como una infección endémica. Se ha descrito que el sarampión puede incrementar la mortalidad materna, ya que los embarazos suelen tener un curso más severo. Asimismo, el sarampión generalmente tiene una influencia negativa sobre la gestación, incrementando la frecuencia de partos pretérmino. Se presentan dos casos de embarazos complicados con sarampión cuyo curso clínico y obstétrico fue favorable, y sus hijos nacieron sin evidencia de infección.