RESUMEN
Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) strains are associated with vigorous clinical presentation and relapses. Initially reported from Asia, these variants have spread globally and become an emerging agent of significant health threat. This study was carried out to identify hvKP strains in a previously uninvestigated region and to evaluate the impact of commonly-employed phenotypic and genotypic markers as diagnostic assays. A total of 111 blood culture isolates, collected at a tertiary care center was investigated. The hvKP strains were sought by a string test and the amplification of partial magA, rmpA, iucA and peg344. All products were characterized via sequencing. Evidence for hvKP was observed in 10.8% via iucA amplification (7.2%), string test (2.7%) and magA amplification (0.9%). Specific products were not produced by assays targeting rmpA and peg344 genes. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns compatible with possible extensive or pan-antimicrobial resistance was noted in 66.7% of the hvKP candidate strains. Capsule type in the magA positive strain was characterized as K5. We have detected hvKP in low prevalence at a region with no prior documentation. Targetting the aerobactin gene via iucA amplification provided the most accurate detection in this setting. The epidemiology of hvKP in Anatolia requires elucidation for effective control and management.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/genética , Infecciones por Klebsiella/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Infecciones por Klebsiella/epidemiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/aislamiento & purificación , Klebsiella pneumoniae/patogenicidad , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Turquía/epidemiología , Virulencia/genética , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Cystic echinococcosis caused by the larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato s.l is endemic in Turkey with a high public health impact particularly in rural areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic variation and population structure of E. granulosus s.s using metacestode isolates removed from surgically confirmed patients originating from several regions in Turkey and to investigate the occurrence of autochthonous transmission. Using DNA extracted from a total of 46 human-derived CE isolates, we successfully analysed an 827-bp fragment within the cox1 mitochondrial gene and confirmed the causative agent of human cystic echinococcosis in patients included in this study to be Echinococcus granulosus s.s (G1 and G3 genotypes). The haplotype parsimony network consisted of 28 haplotypes arranged within three main clusters and the neutrality indices were both negative and significant indicating negative selection or population expansion. The assessment carried out in this study using GenBank nucleotide sequence data from Turkey for sheep and cattle hosts demonstrated the importance of autochthonous transmission with sheep, cattle and humans harbouring the same haplotypes. Further studies are required to investigate the biological significance, if any, of E. granulosus s.s haplotypes and the genetic variability of CE from human patients using longer nucleotide sequences and a larger sample set.
Asunto(s)
Ciclooxigenasa 1/genética , ADN Protozoario/genética , Equinococosis/epidemiología , Echinococcus granulosus/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Animales , Bovinos/parasitología , Equinococosis/transmisión , Equinococosis/veterinaria , Echinococcus granulosus/clasificación , Echinococcus granulosus/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Genes Mitocondriales/genética , Genotipo , Haplotipos/genética , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ovinos/parasitología , Turquía/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe the clinical manifestations and outcomes in 4 patients with endophthalmitis caused by Bacillus cereus and Chlamydia trachomatis. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. METHODS: Four patients who had cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation with phacoemulsification at a secondary eye-care center presented with endophthalmitis. Cultures and direct fluorescein assay (DFA) were performed on vitreous aspirates from all patients. RESULTS: Cultures were positive for B cereus and DFAs were positive for C trachomatis in all patients. Despite timely intervention, at the end of follow-up, 1 patient had 20/200 visual acuity and another, counting fingers at 3 m. Phthisis bulbi developed in the 2 other patients. CONCLUSION: The course of infection with B cereus and C trachomatis poses a potential threat, especially because of the limited data on treatment of endophthalmitis secondary to C trachomatis.
Asunto(s)
Bacillus cereus/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Endoftalmitis/microbiología , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/microbiología , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Administración Oral , Administración Tópica , Anciano , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Chlamydia/tratamiento farmacológico , Claritromicina/uso terapéutico , Quimioterapia Combinada , Endoftalmitis/diagnóstico , Endoftalmitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Bacterianas del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Implantación de Lentes Intraoculares , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ofloxacino/uso terapéutico , Oxitetraciclina/uso terapéutico , Facoemulsificación , Polimixina B/uso terapéutico , Cuerpo Vítreo/microbiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different root canal instrumentation techniques and preparation tapers on the amount of apically extruded bacteria. METHODS: The root canals of 98 extracted human mandibular incisors were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis suspension. After incubation at 37°C for 24 hours, the root canals were instrumented with K3 rotary files in a crown-down (CD) or full-length linear instrumentation technique (FL) by using 3 different root canal tapers (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06). During instrumentation, apically extruded bacteria were collected into vials containing saline solution. The microbiological samples were taken from the vials and incubated in brain-heart agar medium for 24 hours, and the numbers of colony-forming units (CFUs) were determined. The obtained results were analyzed with t test and one-way analysis of variance for the comparisons between the instrumentation techniques (CD and FL) and the preparation tapers (0.02, 0.04, and 0.06), respectively. Tukey honestly significant difference test was used for pairwise comparisons. RESULTS: The preparation taper had no effect on the number of CFUs when a FL instrumentation technique was used (P > .05). There was a statistically significant difference in the CFUs between FL and CD techniques when the preparation taper was 0.02 (P < .05). There was no statistically significant difference between the 0.04 and 0.06 preparation tapers in any of the instrumentation techniques (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Using a 0.02 taper in a CD manner results in the least amount of bacterial extrusion. The instrumentation technique did not seem to affect the amount of bacterial extrusion when 0.04 and 0.06 taper instruments were used for cleaning and shaping the root canal space.