RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The presence of at least five dimensions in mania has recently been established. This study extends previous findings by comparing the dimensions of pure vs. mixed mania. MATERIALS AND METHOD: One hundred and three inpatients with bipolar I disorder, manic or mixed (DSM IV), were assessed with SCID-I, YMRS and HDRS-21. The five-factor solution found after applying factorial analysis with Varimax rotation was compared between manic and mixed patients. RESULTS: There were differences between pure mania and mixed states on factor 1 (depression) and factor 3 (hedonism). There was a tendency to present higher values on factor 5 (activation) in the pure manic group. No differences were found in factor 2 (dysphoria) and factor 4 (psychosis). DISCUSSION: Hedonism and activation dimensions are present to a lesser degree in mixed states. Although the principal difference between mixed and pure bipolar disorder is the existence of depressive symptoms, the depressive dimension is strongly present in patients with pure mania. CONCLUSIONS: There is need to search for core depressive symptoms in all patients suffering from mania and to evaluate their outcome in clinical trials.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/epidemiología , Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Las nuevas sustancias psicoactivas, de las que se describen sus características y clasificación, enmarcan el fenómeno de los cannabinoides sintéticos, que ocupan un lugar central entre ellas. De los cannabinoides sintéticos se revisa su mecanismo de acción, clasificación, efectos y datos de consumo en España. Se concluye que este mercado, con gran número de sustancias, es cambiante y que todavía es limitado el conocimiento científico sobre sus datos epidemiológicos, su farmacocinética, los patrones de distribución en tejidos y órganos, sus interacciones y efectos clínicos. Todo ello hace necesaria la investigación para discernir sobre estas lagunas de conocimiento
The new psychoactive substances, of which its characteristics and classification are introduced, contextualize the phenomenon of synthetic cannabinoids, central among them. The mechanism of action, classification, effects and use data from Spain of synthetic cannabinoids are reviewed. It is concluded that this market, with a large number of substances, is changing and that there is still a limited scientific knowledge about epidemiological data, pharmacokinetics, distribution patterns in tissues and organs, their interactions and clinical effects. More research is needed to discern these knowledge gaps