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1.
Ann Oncol ; 33(8): 750-768, 2022 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35809752

RESUMEN

Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) assays conducted on plasma are rapidly developing a strong evidence base for use in patients with cancer. The European Society for Medical Oncology convened an expert working group to review the analytical and clinical validity and utility of ctDNA assays. For patients with advanced cancer, validated and adequately sensitive ctDNA assays have utility in identifying actionable mutations to direct targeted therapy, and may be used in routine clinical practice, provided the limitations of the assays are taken into account. Tissue-based testing remains the preferred test for many cancer patients, due to limitations of ctDNA assays detecting fusion events and copy number changes, although ctDNA assays may be routinely used when faster results will be clinically important, or when tissue biopsies are not possible or inappropriate. Reflex tumour testing should be considered following a non-informative ctDNA result, due to false-negative results with ctDNA testing. In patients treated for early-stage cancers, detection of molecular residual disease or molecular relapse, has high evidence of clinical validity in anticipating future relapse in many cancers. Molecular residual disease/molecular relapse detection cannot be recommended in routine clinical practice, as currently there is no evidence for clinical utility in directing treatment. Additional potential applications of ctDNA assays, under research development and not recommended for routine practice, include identifying patients not responding to therapy with early dynamic changes in ctDNA levels, monitoring therapy for the development of resistance mutations before clinical progression, and in screening asymptomatic people for cancer. Recommendations for reporting of results, future development of ctDNA assays and future clinical research are made.


Asunto(s)
ADN Tumoral Circulante , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , ADN Tumoral Circulante/genética , Humanos , Mutación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Medicina de Precisión/métodos
2.
Ann Oncol ; 30(9): 1448-1459, 2019 09 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31228184

RESUMEN

The emergence of immunotherapy in oncology requires the discovery, validation and subsequent adoption of robust, sensitive and specific predictive and prognostic biomarkers for daily practice. Until now, anti-PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue sections has been the only validated companion diagnostic test for first-line immunotherapy for advanced and metastatic cancer, notably non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, detection of this biomarker presents limitations that have stimulated the development of other biomarkers and other approaches. Within this context, the use of a liquid biopsy (LB) could provide an important complementary or alternative added value to PD-L1 IHC. In this review, we discuss how LBs have been used in the field of immuno-oncology (I-O) to predict response, relapse or adverse advents for patients undergoing immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy (anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4) and we highlight recent developments. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), proteins and cytokines detected in plasma as well as circulating T-lymphocytes are discussed as potential sources for developing new I-O biomarkers. The quantification of cfDNA as a predictive biomarker, as well as its sequencing for the determination of tumor mutational burden, is already well advanced. Additionally, the quantification of PD-L1 from CTCs, bound on exosomes or free in plasma, as well as the determination of cytokines, are also being actively investigated with promising results having recently been published. Lastly, analysis of T-lymphocytes, especially by analyzing the T-cell receptor, has recently emerged as a valuable biomarker that might become relevant for the prediction of response to ICIs. While LBs have not yet been implemented in routine I-O clinical practice, recent promising data and rapidly advancing technologies indicate that this approach has the potential to soon personalize the clinical management of cancer patients receiving ICIs.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/sangre , Biopsia Líquida , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Antígeno B7-H1/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/genética , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/inmunología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/terapia , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células/sangre , Exosomas/genética , Humanos , Inmunoterapia/tendencias , Oncología Médica/tendencias
3.
Ann Oncol ; 29(8): 1777-1783, 2018 08 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29893791

RESUMEN

Background: Trastuzumab improves the outcome of women with HER2 positive breast cancer. We aimed to assess whether trastuzumab decreases the detection rate of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in women with high risk, HER2 nonamplified, early breast cancer. Patients and methods: The EORTC 90091-10093 BIG 1-12 Treat CTC is a phase II trial, conducted in 70 hospitals and 6 CTC laboratories across 5 European countries. Patients with centrally confirmed HER2 nonamplified breast cancer and ≥1 centrally confirmed CTC per 15 ml of blood by CellSearch® following surgery and (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy were randomized (1 : 1) to 6 cycles of trastuzumab intravenously versus 18 weeks of observation. Randomization was stratified for center, locally confirmed estrogen receptor status and adjuvant versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The primary end point was rate of detection of ≥1 CTC per 15 ml of blood at week 18. Secondary end points were invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) and cardiac safety. Results: Between 30 April 2013 and 17 October 2016, 1317 patients were screened; 95 (7.2%) had detectable CTC(s), and 63 (4.8%) were randomized to trastuzumab (n = 31) or observation (n = 32). Fifty-eight patients were assessable for the primary end point, 29 in each arm. In 9 of the 58 patients, CTC(s) were still detected at week 18 : 5 in the trastuzumab and 4 in the observation arm (one-sided Fisher's exact test, P = 0.765). An Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommended stopping further accrual for futility for the primary end point. Median follow-up at database lock was 13 months (IQR 4-16.5). The 1-year iDFS was 93.8% (95% CI 77.3-98.4) in the observation versus 84.8% (95% CI 63.4-94.2) in the trastuzumab arm. No grade 2-4 cardiac events were observed in the trastuzumab arm. Conclusion: Trastuzumab does not decrease the detection rate of CTCs in HER2 nonamplified, nonmetastatic breast cancer.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/efectos de los fármacos , Trastuzumab/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Anciano , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/efectos adversos , Mama/patología , Mama/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Cardiotoxicidad/epidemiología , Cardiotoxicidad/etiología , Quimioterapia Adyuvante/métodos , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Mastectomía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Receptor ErbB-2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Trastuzumab/efectos adversos
4.
Int J Cancer ; 138(12): 2894-904, 2016 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26789903

RESUMEN

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were introduced as biomarkers more than 10 years ago, but capture of viable CTCs at high purity from peripheral blood of cancer patients is still a major technical challenge. Here, we report a novel microfluidic platform designed for marker independent capture of CTCs. The Parsortix™ cell separation system provides size and deformability-based enrichment with automated staining for cell identification, and subsequent recovery (harvesting) of cells from the device. Using the Parsortix™ system, average cell capture inside the device ranged between 42% and 70%. Subsequent harvest of cells from the device ranged between 54% and 69% of cells captured. Most importantly, 99% of the isolated tumor cells were viable after processing in spiking experiments as well as after harvesting from patient samples and still functional for downstream molecular analysis as demonstrated by mRNA characterization and array-based comparative genomic hybridization. Analyzing clinical blood samples from metastatic (n = 20) and nonmetastatic (n = 6) cancer patients in parallel with CellSearch(®) system, we found that there was no statistically significant difference between the quantitative behavior of the two systems in this set of twenty six paired separations. In conclusion, the epitope independent Parsortix™ system enables the isolation of viable CTCs at a very high purity. Using this system, viable tumor cells are easily accessible and ready for molecular and functional analysis. The system's ability for enumeration and molecular characterization of EpCAM-negative CTCs will help to broaden research into the mechanisms of cancer as well as facilitating the use of CTCs as "liquid biopsies."


Asunto(s)
Dispositivos Laboratorio en un Chip , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Línea Celular Tumoral , Separación Celular/instrumentación , Forma de la Célula , Tamaño de la Célula , Supervivencia Celular , Humanos
5.
Clin Genet ; 90(4): 343-50, 2016 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26916598

RESUMEN

The basal transcription of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) regulation is dependent upon a GT repeat germ line polymorphism (GTn) in the promoter of the HO-1 gene. We determined the prognostic value of HO-1 promoter polymorphism on the natural postoperative course of complete resected oesophageal cancer. Genomic DNA from 297 patients was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. The results were correlated with clinicopathological parameters, disseminated tumour cells in bone marrow (DTC) and clinical outcome. Depending on short allele with <25 and long allele with ≥25, GTn repeats three genotypes (SS, SL and LL) were defined. A diverse role of GTn was evident in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC). In SCC, the SS genotype presented less advanced tumours with lower rate DTC in bone marrow and relapse compared with L-allele carriers. In contrast, AC patients with the SS genotype displayed a complete opposing tumour characteristic. The disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in SCC patients was markedly reduced in LL genotypes (p < 0.001). In AC contrarily the SS genotype patients displayed the worst DFS and OS (p < 0.001). GTn is a strong prognostic factor with diverse prognostic value for recurrence and survival in AC and SCC.


Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/genética , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias Esofágicas/genética , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Femenino , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/química , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recurrencia , Secuencias Repetitivas de Ácidos Nucleicos , Resultado del Tratamiento
6.
Br J Cancer ; 112(9): 1519-26, 2015 Apr 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25880010

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Identification of promising biomarkers that predict the prognosis of patients with breast cancer is needed. In this study, we hypothesised that the expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related biomarker plastin3 (PLS3) in peripheral blood could be a prognostic factor in breast cancer. METHODS: We examined PLS3 expression in breast cancer cell lines with epithelial and mesenchymal traits and in circulating tumour cells (CTCs) obtained from the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients. We investigated PLS3 expression in the peripheral blood of 594 patients with breast cancer to evaluate the clinical significance of PLS3 expression. RESULTS: Robust PLS3 expression was observed in different breast cancer cell lines (Hs578t, MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, and MDA-MB-231) as well as in a bone marrow derived cancer cell line (BC-M1). In both the training (n=298) and validation (n=296) sets, PLS3 expression was observed in CTCs of patients with breast cancer. PLS3-positive patients showed significantly poorer overall and disease-free survival than PLS3-negative patients (P=0.0001 and 0.003, respectively). Subset analysis revealed that this prognostic biomarker was relevant in patients with stage I-III cancer, particularly in patients with luminal-type and triple-negative-type tumours. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrated that PLS3 was expressed in CTCs undergoing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, PLS3 may be an excellent biomarker for identifying groups at risk of recurrence or with a poor prognosis.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/sangre , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/metabolismo , Western Blotting , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Metástasis Linfática , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/biosíntesis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Clasificación del Tumor , Invasividad Neoplásica , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/genética , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/mortalidad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Pronóstico , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Tasa de Supervivencia
7.
Br J Cancer ; 111(5): 909-17, 2014 Aug 26.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24983365

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: MAGE-A (melanoma-associated antigen-A) are promising targets for specific immunotherapy and their expression may be induced by the epigenetic factor BORIS. METHODS: To determine their relevance for breast cancer, we quantified the levels of MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A12 and BORIS mRNA, as well as microRNAs let-7b and miR-202 in pre- and postoperative serum of 102 and 34 breast cancer patients, respectively, and in serum of 26 patients with benign breast diseases and 37 healthy women by real-time PCR. The mean follow-up time of the cancer patients was 6.2 years. RESULTS: The serum levels of MAGE-A and BORIS mRNA, as well as let-7b were significantly higher in patients with invasive carcinomas than in patients with benign breast diseases or healthy women (P<0.001), whereas the levels of miR-202 were elevated in both patient cohorts (P<0.001). In uni- and multivariate analyses, high levels of miR-202 significantly correlated with poor overall survival (P=0.0001). Transfection of breast cancer cells with synthetic microRNAs and their inhibitors showed that let-7b and miR-202 did not affect the protein expression of MAGE-A1. CONCLUSIONS: Based on their cancer-specific increase in breast cancer patients, circulating MAGE-A and BORIS mRNAs may be further explored for early detection of breast cancer and monitoring of MAGE-directed immunotherapies. Moreover, serum miR-202 is associated with prognosis.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígenos de Neoplasias/sangre , Antígenos de Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/sangre , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Femenino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Antígenos Específicos del Melanoma/sangre , Antígenos Específicos del Melanoma/genética , MicroARNs/sangre , MicroARNs/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN/genética
8.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol ; 271(1): 15-21, 2014 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23408023

RESUMEN

Metastasis and the associated loss of function of vital organs in the course of the disease is one of the main causes of death in head and neck cancer patients. An earlier and more reliable determination of metastasis and recurrence than currently obtained by common imaging methods could improve therapy and therefore the prognosis of head and neck cancer patients. The detection of tumor cells, which circulate in the blood of cancer patients, known as circulating tumor cells and those that can be found in the bone marrow, called disseminated tumor cells (DTC) provides a diagnostic source especially for those patients at high risk of locoregional recurrence or distant failure. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been identified as a prognostic factor in different solid tumors. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, there are data for a similar prognostic relevance. The methods of detection of CTC/DTC, the role in diagnosis and follow-up in head and neck cancer are summarized in this review. Furthermore, the future technical and clinical challenges to be addressed to establish CTC/DTC in clinical routine are being critically discussed.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Humanos , Separación Inmunomagnética , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/patología , Pronóstico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello
9.
Br J Cancer ; 104(1): 138-45, 2011 Jan 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21102583

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: TACE/ADAM17 is a transmembranous protease that cleaves membrane-bound growth factors like EGFR ligands. TACE-dependent proteolysis is regulated by its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3). This study analyses the role of TACE and TIMP3 mRNA expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCCs). METHODS: We analysed TACE and TIMP3 mRNA expression in HNSCCs from 106 patients by RNA in situ hybridisation. RESULTS: TACE mRNA was upregulated in HNSCCs compared with dysplastic (P<0.05) and normal epithelia (P<0.001), with strong hybridisation signals in 21.9% of invasive tumour tissues and 4.5% of dysplasia. Elevated mRNA levels were accompanied by increased amounts of TACE protein in HNSCCs. TIMP3 mRNA expression in HNSCC-associated stroma was significantly higher than in the stroma adjacent to dysplastic or normal epithelia. Expression of TACE mRNA in HNSCCs was associated with tumour stage (P=0.019) and regional lymph node metastasis (P=0.009). Furthermore, levels of TACE mRNA in HNSCCs correlated with the expression of TIMP3 mRNA in HNSCC-associated stroma. Concomitantly, patients expressing high levels of TACE and TIMP3 mRNA showed significantly reduced overall survival compared with those with low mRNA levels. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate an important role of TACE and TIMP3 during development and progression of HNSCCs.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas ADAM/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/genética , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/patología , ARN Mensajero/genética , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-3/genética , Proteínas ADAM/metabolismo , Proteína ADAM17 , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Carcinoma/genética , Carcinoma/metabolismo , Carcinoma/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Hibridación in Situ , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/genética , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de Células Escamosas/patología , Pronóstico , Sondas ARN , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas de Cabeza y Cuello , Tasa de Supervivencia , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-3/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas
10.
Transl Oncol ; 14(8): 101132, 2021 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34051621

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Liquid Biopsy (LB) in the form of e.g., circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is a promising non-invasive approach to support current therapeutic cancer management. However, the proof of clinical utility of CTCs in informing therapeutic decision-making for e.g., breast cancer in clinical trials and associated translational research projects is facing the issues of low CTC positivity rates and low CTC numbers - even in the metastasized situation. To compensate for this dilemma, clinical CTC trials are designed as large multicenter endeavors with decentralized sample collection, processing and storage of products, making data management highly important to enable high-quality translational CTC research. AIM: In the DETECT clinical CTC trials we aimed at developing a custom-made, browser-based virtual database to harmonize and organize both decentralized processing and storage of LB specimens and to enable the collection of clinically meaningful LB sample. METHODS: ViBiBa processes data from various sources, harmonizes the data and creates an easily searchable multilayered database. RESULTS: An open-source virtual bio-banking web-application termed ViBiBa was created, which automatically processes data from multiple non-standardized sources. These data are automatically checked and merged into one centralized databank and are providing the opportunity to extract clinically relevant patient cohorts and CTC sample collections. SUMMARY: ViBiBa, which is a highly flexible tool that allows for decentralized sample storage of liquid biopsy specimens, facilitates a solution which promotes collaboration in a user-friendly, federalist and highly structured way. The source code is available under the MIT license from https://vibiba.com or https://github.com/asperciesl/ViBiBa.

11.
ESMO Open ; 6(6): 100299, 2021 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34839105

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been reported to predict clinical outcome in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Biology of CTCs may differ from that of the primary tumor and HER2-positive CTCs are found in some patients with HER2-negative tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with HER2-negative MBC were screened for participation in DETECT III and IV trials before the initiation of a new line of therapy. Blood samples were analyzed using CELLSEARCH. CTCs were labeled with an anti-HER2 antibody and classified according to staining intensity (negative, weak, moderate, or strong staining). RESULTS: Screening blood samples were analyzed in 1933 patients with HER2-negative MBC. As many as 1217 out of the 1933 screened patients (63.0%) had ≥1 CTC per 7.5 ml blood; ≥5 CTCs were detected in 735 patients (38.0%; range 1-35 078 CTCs, median 8 CTCs). HER2 status of CTCs was assessed in 1159 CTC-positive patients; ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 staining was found in 174 (15.0%) patients. The proportion of CTCs with strong HER2 staining among all CTCs of an individual patient ranged between 0.06% and 100% (mean 15.8%). Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive tumors were more likely to harbor ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 staining. CTC status was significantly associated with overall survival (OS). Detection of ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 staining was associated with shorter OS [9.7 (7.1-12.3) versus 16.5 (14.9-18.1) months in patients with CTCs with negative-to-moderate HER2 staining only, P = 0.013]. In multivariate analysis, age, ER status, PR status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, therapy line, and CTC status independently predicted OS. CONCLUSION: CTC detection in patients with HER2-negative disease is a strong prognostic factor. Presence of ≥1 CTC with strong HER2 staining was associated with shorter OS, supporting a biological role of HER2 expression on CTCs.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/metabolismo , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Pronóstico , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Receptor ErbB-2/uso terapéutico
13.
Br J Cancer ; 100(1): 160-6, 2009 Jan 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19034279

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to determine whether primary breast cancer patients showed evidence of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) during follow-up as an alternative to monitoring disseminated bone marrow tumour cells (DTCs) by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR for the detection of micrometastases. We planned to compare CTC and DTC frequency in low-risk and high-risk patients. We identified two cohorts of primary breast cancer patients who were at low (group II, T(1)N(0), n=18) or high (group III, >3 nodes positive (with one exception, a patient with two positive nodes) n=33) risk of relapse who were being followed up after primary treatment. We tested each cohort for CTCs using the CellSearch system on 1-7 occasions and for DTCs by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR on 1-2 occasions over a period of 2 years. We also examined patients with confirmed metastatic disease (group IV, n=12) and 21 control healthy volunteers for CTCs (group I). All group I samples were negative for CTCs. In contrast, 7 out of 18 (39%) group II primary patients and 23 out of 33 (70%) group III patients were positive for CTCs (P=0.042). If we count only samples with >1 cell as positive: 2 out of 18 (11%) group II patients were positive compared with 10 out of 33 (30%) in group III (P=0.174). In the case of DTCs, 1 out of 13 (8%) group II patients were positive compared with 19 out of 27 (70%) in group III (P<0.001). Only 10 out of 33 (30%) patients in group III showed no evidence of CTCs in all tests over the period of testing, compared with 11 out of 18 (61%) in group II (P=0.033). A significant proportion of poor prognosis primary breast cancer patients (group III) have evidence of CTCs on follow-up. Many also have evidence of DTCs, which are more often found in patients who were lymph node positive. As repeat sampling of peripheral blood is more acceptable to patients, the measurement of CTCs warrants further investigation because it enables blood samples to be taken more frequently, thus possibly enabling clinicians to have prior warning of impending overt metastatic disease.


Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Proyectos Piloto , Receptor ErbB-2/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa
14.
Eur J Cancer ; 117: 60-68, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31254940

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: We assessed the clinical validity of circulating tumour cell (CTC) quantification for prognostication of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by undertaking a pooled analysis of individual patient data. METHODS: Nine European NSCLC CTC centres were asked to provide reported/unreported pseudo-anonymised data for patients with advanced NSCLC who participated in CellSearch CTC studies from January 2003 to March 2017. We used Cox regression models, stratified by centres, to establish the association between CTC count and survival. We assessed the added value of CTCs to prognostic clinicopathological models using likelihood ratio (LR) statistics and c-indices. RESULTS: Seven out of nine eligible centres provided data for 550 patients with prognostic information for overall survival. CTC counts of ≥2 and ≥ 5 per 7·5 mL were associated with reduced progression-free survival (≥2 CTCs: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.72, p < 0·001; ≥5 CTCs: HR = 2.21, p < 0·001) and overall survival (≥2 CTCs: HR = 2·18, p < 0·001; ≥5 CTCs: HR = 2·75, p < 0·001), respectively. Survival prediction was significantly improved by addition of baseline CTC count to LR clinicopathological models (log-transformed CTCs p < 0·001; ≥2 CTCs p < 0·001; ≥5 CTCs p ≤ 0·001 for both survival end-points), whereas moderate improvements were observed with the use of c-index models. There was some evidence of between-centre heterogeneity, especially when examining continuous counts of CTCs. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm CTCs as an independent prognostic indicator of progression-free survival and overall survival in advanced NSCLC and also reveal some evidence of between-centre heterogeneity. CTC count improves prognostication when added to full clinicopathological predictive models.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/secundario , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia
15.
Urol Oncol ; 36(7): 347-348, 2018 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29880457

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: To investigate for the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in patients with variant urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) histology treated with radical cystectomy (RC), and to determine their impact on oncological outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We, prospectively, collected data of 188 patients with UCB treated with RC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Pathological specimens were meticulously reviewed for pure and variant UCB histology. Preoperatively collected blood samples (7.5ml) were analyzed for CTC using the CellSearch system (Janssen, Raritan, NJ). RESULTS: Variant UCB histology was found in 47 patients (25.0%), most frequently of squamous cell differentiation (16.5%). CTC were present in 30 patients (21.3%) and 12 patients (25.5%) with pure and variant UCB histology, respectively. At a median follow-up of 25 months, the presence of CTC and nonsquamous cell differentiation were associated with reduced recurrence-free survival (RFS) and cancer-specific survival (pairwise P ≤ 0.016). Patients without CTC had better RFS, independent of UCB histology, than patients with CTC with any UCB histology (pairwise P<0.05). In multivariable analyses, the presence of CTC, but not variant UCB histology, was an independent predictor for disease recurrence (hazard ratio = 3.45, P<0.001) and cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio = 2.62, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: CTC are detectable in about a quarter of patients with pure or variant UCB histology before RC, and represent an independent predictor for outcomes, when adjusting for histological subtype. In addition, our prospective data confirm the unfavorable influence of nonsquamous cell-differentiated UCB on outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Cistectomía , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes , Carcinoma de Células Transicionales/cirugía , Humanos , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía
16.
Urologe A ; 57(1): 34-39, 2018 Jan.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29071398

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: At the 2016 ASCO annual meeting, new data from two randomized phase III studies concerning taxane-based chemotherapy as a treatment option for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were presented. OBJECTIVES: The focus is on the clinical impact of these data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of German experts in the field of urogenital-oncologic expertise discussed the clinical impact with respect to the current data. RESULTS: The study results support the current clinical data. They confirm the efficacy and safety of cabazitaxel beyond first-line therapy with docetaxel for patients with mCRPC. CONCLUSIONS: Cabazitaxel is an important treatment option after docetaxel progression. With respect to the performance status of a patient, it is adequate to reduce the dosage to 20 mg/m2 cabazitaxel.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Taxoides/uso terapéutico , Docetaxel , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/tratamiento farmacológico
17.
Mol Imaging Biol ; 20(1): 4-20, 2018 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28971346

RESUMEN

The 6th annual meeting to address key issues in positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was held again in Tübingen, Germany, from March 27 to 29, 2017. Over three days of invited plenary lectures, round table discussions and dialogue board deliberations, participants critically assessed the current state of PET/MRI, both clinically and as a research tool, and attempted to chart future directions. The meeting addressed the use of PET/MRI and workflows in oncology, neurosciences, infection, inflammation and chronic pain syndromes, as well as deeper discussions about how best to characterise the tumour microenvironment, optimise the complementary information available from PET and MRI, and how advanced data mining and bioinformatics, as well as information from liquid biomarkers (circulating tumour cells and nucleic acids) and pathology, can be integrated to give a more complete characterisation of disease phenotype. Some issues that have dominated previous meetings, such as the accuracy of MR-based attenuation correction (AC) of the PET scan, were finally put to rest as having been adequately addressed for the majority of clinical situations. Likewise, the ability to standardise PET systems for use in multicentre trials was confirmed, thus removing a perceived barrier to larger clinical imaging trials. The meeting openly questioned whether PET/MRI should, in all cases, be used as a whole-body imaging modality or whether in many circumstances it would best be employed to give an in-depth study of previously identified disease in a single organ or region. The meeting concluded that there is still much work to be done in the integration of data from different fields and in developing a common language for all stakeholders involved. In addition, the participants advocated joint training and education for individuals who engage in routine PET/MRI. It was agreed that PET/MRI can enhance our understanding of normal and disrupted biology, and we are in a position to describe the in vivo nature of disease processes, metabolism, evolution of cancer and the monitoring of response to pharmacological interventions and therapies. As such, PET/MRI is a key to advancing medicine and patient care.


Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Humanos , Biopsia Líquida , Radioterapia Guiada por Imagen , Microambiente Tumoral
18.
Nat Commun ; 8(1): 269, 2017 08 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28814715

RESUMEN

Resistance towards VEGF-centered anti-angiogenic therapy still represents a substantial clinical challenge. We report here that mast cells alter the proliferative and organizational state of endothelial cells which reduces the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy. Consequently, absence of mast cells sensitizes tumor vessels for anti-angiogenic therapy in different tumor models. Mechanistically, anti-angiogenic therapy only initially reduces tumor vessel proliferation, however, this treatment effect was abrogated over time as a result of mast cell-mediated restimulation of angiogenesis. We show that mast cells secrete increased amounts of granzyme b upon therapy, which mobilizes pro-angiogenic laminin- and vitronectin-bound FGF-1 and GM-CSF from the tumor matrix. In addition, mast cells also diminish efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy by secretion of FGF-2. These pro-angiogenic factors act beside the targeted VEGFA-VEGFR2-axis and reinduce endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis despite the presence of anti-angiogenic therapy. Importantly, inhibition of mast cell degranulation with cromolyn is able to improve efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy. Thus, concomitant mast cell-targeting might lead to improved efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy.Resistance towards VEGF-centered anti-angiogenic therapy is an important clinical challenge. Here, the authors show that mast cells mediate resistance to anti-angiogenetic inhibitors by altering the proliferative and organizational state of endothelial cells through mobilization of FGF-1 and GM-CSF from the tumor matrix and secretion of FGF-2.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Granzimas/metabolismo , Mastocitos/metabolismo , Animales , Antiasmáticos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromolin Sódico/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/efectos de los fármacos , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Factor 1 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 1 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Factor Estimulante de Colonias de Granulocitos y Macrófagos/metabolismo , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana , Laminina/metabolismo , Mastocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Neoplasias/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neovascularización Patológica/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptor 2 de Factores de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Vitronectina/metabolismo
19.
PLoS One ; 12(6): e0173593, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28586395

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: HER2 is one of the predominant therapeutic targets in breast cancer. The metastatic selection process may lead to discrepancies between the HER2 status of the primary tumor and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). This study analyzed the HER2 status of CTCs in patients with HER2-positive primary breast cancer at the time of diagnosis. Aim of the study was to assess potential discordance of HER2 status between primary tumor and CTCs, as this may have important implications for the use of HER2-targeted therapy. METHODS: The number and HER2 status of CTCs out of 30ml peripheral blood were assessed in 642 patients using the CellSearch System (Janssen Diagnostics, USA). The cutoff for CTC positivity was the presence of at least 1 CTC, and the cutoff for HER2 positivity of CTCs was the presence of at least 1 CTC with a strong HER2 staining. RESULTS: 258 (40.2%) of the 642 patients were positive for CTCs (median 2; range 1-1,689). 149 (57.8%) of these 258 patients had at least 1 CTC with strong HER2 staining. The presence of HER2-positive CTCs was not associated with tumor size (p = 0.335), histopathological grading (p = 0.976), hormone receptor status (ER: p = 0.626, PR: p = 0.263) or axillary lymph node involvement (p = 0.430). Overall, 83 (32.2%) of the CTC-positive patients exclusively had CTCs with strong HER2 staining, whereas 31 (12.0%) had only CTCs with negative HER2 staining. Within-sample variation in the HER2 status of CTCs was found in 86 (57.8%) of the 149 patients with more than 1 CTC. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that discordance between the HER2 expression of CTCs and that of the primary tumor frequently occurs in early breast cancer. Future follow-up evaluation will assess whether this discrepancy may contribute to trastuzumab resistance.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Receptor ErbB-2/sangre , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional , Trastuzumab/administración & dosificación
20.
Cytometry B Clin Cytom ; 70(6): 400-9, 2006 Nov 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16924637

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This investigation intended to study the unspecific background to be expected in normal bone marrow (BM), comparing three well recognized protocols for immunocytochemical detection of disseminated carcinoma cells. The interlaboratory variation in screening and evaluation of stained cells was analyzed and different screening methods were compared. METHODS: BM mononuclear cells (BM MNC) from 48 normal BMs were immunostained in parallel by three participating laboratories. The protocols, based on three different anti-cytokeratin antibodies, have all been in common use for detection of disseminated carcinoma cells: the A45-B/B3 protocol (Hamburg), the CK2 protocol (Augsburg) and the AE1AE3 protocol (Oslo). For all protocols, the immunostained cells were visualized by the same alkaline-phosphatase (AP) detection system (APAAP) followed by detection of the cells by manual screening and by two different automated screening systems (ACIS from Chromavision and MDS1 from Applied Imaging). Detected AP-visualized cells were morphologically classified into unambiguous hematopoietic (Uhc) and questionable cells (Qc, potentially interpreted as tumor cells). RESULTS: Seven of 48 BMs (15%) harbored > or = 1 AP-visualized cell(s) among 1 x 10(6) BM MNC, both for the A45-B/B3- and for the AE1AE3 protocol, while for CK2 a higher proportion of BMs (21 BMs; 44%) harbored AP-visualized cells (P < 0.01, McNemar's test). The number of Qc was, for all protocols, 1 log lower than the total number of AP-visualized cells. On average, the frequency of Qc was 0.04, 0.08, and 0.02 per 10(6) BM MNC with A45-B/B3, CK2 and AE1AE3, respectively, and the number of Qc-positive BMs 1, 4, and 1. The MDS1 screening sensitivity was similar to manual screening, while ACIS detected fewer cells (P < 0.001, McNemar's test). CONCLUSIONS: All protocols resulted in AP-visualization of occasional hematopoietic cells. However, morphological classification brings the specificity to a satisfactory high level. Approximately 10% of AP-visualized cells were categorized "questionable". The CK2 protocol turned out less specific than the A45-B/B3 and AE1AE3 protocols.


Asunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea/citología , Células de la Médula Ósea/inmunología , Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico/normas , Células Epiteliales/citología , Adulto , Fosfatasa Alcalina/análisis , Autoanálisis/normas , Examen de la Médula Ósea/métodos , Examen de la Médula Ósea/normas , Células Epiteliales/inmunología , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Masculino , Valores de Referencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
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